商业性质概论(外研社双语读库)电子书

Part I

Chapter 1 Of wealth

Chapter 2 Of human societies

Chapter 3 Of villages

Chapter 4 Of market towns

Chapter 5 Of cities

Chapter 6 Of capital cities

Chapter 7 The labour of the husbandman is of less value than that of the handicrafts-man

Chapter 8 Some handicrafts-men earn more, others less, according to thedifferent cases and circumstances

Chapter 9 The number of labourers, handicrafts-men and others, who work in a state is naturally proportioned to the demandfor them

Chapter 10 The price and intrinsic value of a thing in general is the measure of the land and labour which enter into its production

Chapter 11 Of the par or relation between the value of land and labour

Chapter 12 All classes and individuals in a state subsist or are enriched at the expense of the proprietors of land

Chapter 13 The circulation and exchange of goods and merchandise as well as their production are carried on in Europe by undertakers, and at a risk

Chapter 14 The fancies, the fashions, and the modes of living of the prince, and especially of the landowners, determine the use to which land is put in a state and cause the variations in the market prices of all things

Chapter 15 The increase and decrease of the number of people in a state chiefly depend on the taste, the fashions, and the modes of living of the proprietors of land

Chapter 16 The more labour there is in a state the more naturally rich the state is esteemed

Chapter 17 Of metals and money, and especially of gold and silver

Part II

Chapter 1 Of barter

Chapter 2 Of market prices

Chapter 3 Of the circulation of money

Chapter 4 Further reflection on the rapidity or slowness of the circulation of money in exchange

Chapter 5 Of the inequality of the circulation of hard money in a state

Chapter 6 Of the increase and decrease in the quantity of hard money in a state

Chapter 7 Continuation of the same subject

Chapter 8 Further reflection on the same subject

Chapter 9 Of the interest of money and its causes

Chapter 10 Of the causes of the increase and decrease of the interest of money in a state

Part III

Chapter 1 Of foreign trade

Chapter 2 Of the exchanges and their nature

Chapter 3 Further explanations of the nature of the exchanges

Chapter 4 Of the variations in the proportion of values with regard to the metals which serve as money

Chapter 5 Of the augmentation anddiminution of coin in denomination

Chapter 6 Of banks and their credit

Chapter 7 Further explanations and enquiries as to the utility of a national bank

Chapter 8 Of the refinements of credit of general banks

第一部分

第一章 论财富

第二章 论人类社会

第三章 论村庄

第四章 论集镇

第五章 论城市

第六章 论首都

第七章 农工的劳动价值低于手工业者的劳动价值

第八章 不同情况下，有些手工业者收入多，有些收入少

第九章 一个国家的农业劳动者、手工业者和其他劳动者的数量必然与对他们的需求成正比

第十章 物品的价格和内在价值通常是衡量生产该物品所需的土地和劳动的尺度

第十一章 论土地价值和劳动价值之间的平价或关系

第十二章 一个国家的所有阶级和个人都要依靠土地所有者生存或致富

第十三章 在欧洲，货物和商品的流通、交换以及生产均由业主进行，并承担一定风险

第十四章 君主尤其是土地所有者的喜好、经营土地的方法和生活方式决定一国土地的使用方式，并导致各种物品市场价格的变化

第十五章 一个国家人口数量的增减主要取决于该国土地所有者的喜好、经营土地的方法和生活方式

第十六章 一国的劳动越多，就越自然地被尊为富国

第十七章 论金属和货币，特论黄金和白银

第二部分

第一章 论易货交易

第二章 论市场价格

第三章 论货币流通

第四章 对交换中货币流通速度快与慢的进一步思考

第五章 论一国硬通货流通的不平衡

第六章 论一国硬通货数量的增减

第七章 续论同一问题

第八章 对同一问题的更深入思考

第九章 论货币利息及起因

第十章 论一国货币利息增加与减少的原因

第三部分

第一章 论对外贸易

第二章 论汇票及其性质

第三章 对汇票性质的进一步解释

第四章 论充当货币的金属的价值比率的变化

第五章 论铸币面额的增减

第六章 论银行和银行信用

第七章 进一步解释和探究国家银行的效用

第八章 论改善综合性银行信用的精妙安排