Mastering Proxmox电子书

Mastering Proxmox

Table of Contents

Mastering Proxmox

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

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Why subscribe?

Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Dive into the Virtual World with Proxmox

Proxmox cluster required

The Proxmox Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The GUI menu system

Menu chart

The Datacenter menu

The Search tab

The Storage tab

The Backup tab

Node-specific tabs

The Summary tab

The Network tab

The Syslog tab

The UBC tab

The Subscription tab

The Updates tab

The Ceph tab

Virtual machine tabs

The Summary tab

The Hardware tab

The Options tab

The Backup tab

The Snapshots tab

The Permissions tab

Setting up a basic cluster

The hardware list

The software list

Hardware setup

Proxmox installation

Cluster creation

Proxmox subscription

Attaching shared storage

Adding virtual machines

Main virtual machine

Creating a KVM virtual machine

Creating an OpenVZ virtual machine

Proxmox cloning/template

Introducing cloning using a template

Transforming VM into a template

Cloning using a template

Full Clone versus Linked Clone

VM migration

Summary

2. Proxmox Under the Hood

The Proxmox cluster directory structure

Dissecting the configuration files

The cluster configuration file

The storage configuration file

Local directory-based storage

NFS-shared storage

iSCSI/LVM shared storage

User configuration files

The password configuration file

The virtual machine configuration file

Arguments in the KVM configuration file

The Proxmox OpenVZ configuration file

The version configuration file

Member nodes

The .members file

The virtual machine list file

The cluster logfile

Summary

3. Shared Storages with Proxmox

Local storage versus shared storage

Live migration of a virtual machine

Seamless expansion of multinode storage space

Centralized backup

Multilevel data tiering

Central storage management

Local and shared storage comparison

Virtual disk image

Supported image formats

The .qcow2 image type

The .raw image type

The .vmdk image type

Image file manipulation

Resizing virtual disk image

Moving a virtual disk image

Storage types in Proxmox

Directory

Logical Volume Management

Network File System

RADOS Block Device

GlusterFS

Noncommercial/commercial storage options

FreeNAS – budget shared storage

Summary

4. A Virtual Machine for a Virtual World

Creating a VM from a template

Advanced configuration options for a VM

The hotplugging option for a VM

The hotplugging option for <vmid>.conf

Loading modules

Adding virtual disk/vNIC

Nested virtual environment

Enabling KVM hardware virtualization

Network virtualization

Backing up a virtual machine

Proxmox backup and snapshot options

Backing up a VM with a full backup

Creating a schedule for Backup

Node

Storage

Day of Week

Start Time

Selection mode

Send email to

Compression

Mode

Creating snapshots

Deleting old backups

Restoring a virtual machine

Command-line vzdump

Backup configuration file – vzdump.conf

#bwlimit

#lockwait

#stopwait

#script

#exclude-path

Summary

5. Network of Virtual Networks

Introduction to a virtual network

Physical network versus virtual network

Physical network

Virtual network

Networking components in Proxmox

Virtual Network Interface Card (vNIC)

Virtual bridge

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Network Address Translation/Translator (NAT)

Network bonding

Components naming convention

Network configuration file

bridge_stp

bridge_fd

Adding a virtual bridge

Adding a bonding interface

Adding NAT/masquerading

Adding VLAN

Sample virtual networks

Network #1 – Proxmox in its simplest form

Network #2 – multitenant environment

Network #3 – academic institution

Multitenant virtual environment

Multitenant network diagram

Summary

6. Proxmox HA – Zero Downtime

Understanding High Availability

High Availability in Proxmox

Requirements for HA setup

Fencing

Configuring Proxmox HA

Setting up node BIOS

Creating an APC-managed PDU user

Configuring Proxmox fencing

Configuring virtual machine HA

Testing Proxmox HA

Fencing manually

Proxmox HA need to know

Summary

7. High Availability Storage for High Availability Cluster

Introducing the Ceph storage

Object Storage

Block Storage

Filesystem

Reasons to use Ceph

Virtual Ceph for training

The Ceph components

Physical node

Maps

Cluster map

CRUSH map

Monitor

OSD

OSD Journal

MDS

Placement Group (PG)

Pool

Ceph components summary

The Ceph cluster

Hardware requirements

Software requirements

Installing Ceph using an OS

Installing and setting up Ubuntu

Creating an admin user

Assigning SUDO permission to a user

Updating Ubuntu

Generating an SSH Key

Installing ceph-deploy

Creating a Ceph cluster

Installing Ceph on nodes

Creating Monitors (MONs)

Gathering the admin keys

Creating OSDs

Connecting Proxmox to a Ceph cluster

Installing Ceph on Proxmox

Preparing a Proxmox node for Ceph

Installing Ceph

Creating MON from the Proxmox GUI

Creating OSD from the Proxmox GUI

Creating a new Ceph pool using the Proxmox GUI

Creating a Ceph FS

Setting up an MDS daemon

Setting up Ceph FS using FUSE

Mounting Ceph FS

Connecting Proxmox to Ceph FS

Learning Ceph's CRUSH map

Extracting the CRUSH map

Decompiling the CRUSH map

Editing the CRUSH map

Compiling the CRUSH map

Injecting the CRUSH map into the cluster

Verifying the new CRUSH map

Managing Ceph pools

Creating a new Ceph pool using the CLI

Verifying the new Ceph pool

Adding OSDs to a pool

Assigning a pool to the ruleset

Connecting Proxmox to the new pool

Ceph benchmarking

The Ceph command list

Summary

8. Proxmox Production Level Setup

Defining a production level

Key parameters

Stable and scalable hardware

Current load versus future growth

Budget

Simplicity

Tracking the hardware inventory

Hardware selection

An entry-level Proxmox production setup

An i7-based Proxmox node

A Xeon-based Proxmox node

An entry-level Ceph production setup

An advanced-level Proxmox production setup

A Xeon-based Proxmox node

An advanced-level Ceph production setup

Desktop class versus server class

Brand servers

Hardware tracking

AMD-based hardware selection

An AMD-based entry-level Proxmox

An AMD-based advanced-level Proxmox

An AMD-based Ceph setup

Performance comparison

Summary

9. Proxmox Troubleshooting

Main cluster issues

GUI shows everything is offline

Rejoining a Proxmox node with the same IP address

Disabling fencing temporarily

The occurrence of kernel panic when disconnecting USB devices

The occurrence of VM shutdown error when initiated from GUI

Kernel panic on Proxmox 3.2 with HP NC360T

VMs not booting after you restart the network service

Proxmox cluster is out of Quorum and cluster filesystem is read only

Proxmox boot failure due to the getpwnam error

Cannot log in to GUI as ROOT

Booting with a USB stick fails in Proxmox

The Upgrade from Proxmox 3.1 to Proxmox 3.2 is disabled through GUI

VZ kernel 2.6.32-28-pve breaks libnl/netlink in host and VM

Nodes not visible on the Proxmox GUI after an upgrade

GRUB is in an endless loop after Proxmox installation

SSH access is possible but Proxmox node does not reboot

Storage issues

Deleting damaged LVM with error read failed from 0 to 4096

Proxmox cannot mount NFS share due to time-out error

Removing stale NFS shares when a stale file handle error occurs

The occurrence of '--mode session exit code 21' errors while accessing iSCSI target

Cannot read an iSCSI target even after it has been deleted from Proxmox storage

OSDs still show up in Proxmox after you remove the Ceph node

The 'No Such Block Device' error that shows up during creation of an OSD

The fstrim command does not trim unused blocks for Ceph

The 'RBD Couldn't Connect To Cluster (500)' error when connecting Ceph with Proxmox

Changing the storage type from ide to virtio

The 'pveceph configuration not initialized (500)' error for the Ceph tab

Ceph FS storage disappears after a Proxmox node reboots

VM cloning does not parse in Ceph storage

Network connectivity issues

No connectivity on Realtek RTL8111/8411 Rev. 06 NIC

Network performance is slower with e1000 vNIC

KVM virtual machine issues

Windows 7/XP machine converted to Proxmox KVM hangs during boot

Windows 7 VM only boots when rebooted manually

The Proxmox 3.2 upgrade adds two com ports and one parallel port to the Windows VM

The qemu-img command does not convert the .vmdk image files created with the .ova template in Proxmox VE 3.2

Online migration of a virtual machine fails with a 'Failed to sync data' error

Change in memory allocation is not initialized after a VM is rebooted

The virtio virtual disk is not available during the Windows Server installation

OpenVZ container issues

The creation of OpenVZ container takes a long time on NFS or GlusterFS storage

OpenVZ containers are no longer shown after a cluster is created

Header error during the installation of PF_RING in Proxmox

Backup/restore issues

A Proxmox VM is locked after backup crashes unexpectedly

Backing up only the primary OS virtual disk

Backup of VMs stops prematurely with an 'Operation Not Permitted' error

A backup task takes a very long time to complete, or it crashes when multiple nodes are backing up to the same backup storage

Backup of virtual machines aborts a backup task prematurely

Backup storage has a lot of .dat files and .tmp directories using the storage space

VNC/SPICE console issues

The mouse pointer is not shared with SPICE-VIEWER on Windows 8 VM

The SPICE console has become unstable after the Proxmox VE 3.2 update

Remote Viewer is unable to connect to a SPICE-enabled virtual machine on Windows OS

Summary

10. Putting It All Together

Scenario #1 – academic institution

Scenario #2 – multitier storage cluster using Proxmox cluster

Scenario #3 – virtual infrastructure for multitenant cloud service provider

Scenario #4 – a nested virtual environment for a software development company

Scenario #5 – a virtual infrastructure for the public library

Scenario #6 – multifloor office virtual infrastructure with virtual desktops

Scenario #7 – virtual infrastructure for hotel industry

Scenario #8 – virtual infrastructure for a geological survey organization

Network diagrams for scenarios

Summary

Index