Advanced Penetration Testing for Highly-Secured Environments - Second Edition电子书

Advanced Penetration Testing for Highly-Secured Environments Second Edition

Table of Contents

Advanced Penetration Testing for Highly-Secured Environments Second Edition

Credits

About the Authors

About the Reviewer

www.PacktPub.com

eBooks, discount offers, and more

Why subscribe?

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Penetration Testing Essentials

Methodology defined

Example methodologies

Penetration testing framework

Penetration Testing Execution Standard

Pre-engagement interactions

Intelligence gathering

Threat modeling

Vulnerability analysis

Exploitation

Post-exploitation

Reporting

Abstract methodology

Final thoughts

Summary

2. Preparing a Test Environment

Introducing VMware Workstation

Why VMware Workstation?

Installing VMware Workstation

Network design

VMnet0

VMnet1

VMnet8

Folders

Understanding the default architecture

Installing Kali Linux

Creating the switches

Putting it all together

Installing Ubuntu LTS

Installing Kioptrix

Creating pfSense VM

Summary

3. Assessment Planning

Introducing advanced penetration testing

Vulnerability assessments

Penetration testing

Advanced penetration testing

Before testing begins

Determining scope

Setting limits – nothing lasts forever

Rules of Engagement documentation

Planning for action

Configuring Kali

Updating the applications and operating system

Installing LibreOffice

Effectively managing your test results

Introduction to MagicTree

Starting MagicTree

Adding nodes

Data collection

Report generation

Introduction to the Dradis framework

Exporting a project template

Importing a project template

Preparing sample data for import

Importing your Nmap data

Exporting data into HTML

Dradis Category field

Changing the default HTML template

Summary

4. Intelligence Gathering

Introducing reconnaissance

Reconnaissance workflow

DNS recon

nslookup – it's there when you need it

Default output

Changing nameservers

Creating an automation script

What did we learn?

Domain information groper

Default output

Zone transfers using Dig

Advanced features of Dig

Shortening the output

Listing the bind version

Reverse DNS lookup using Dig

Multiple commands

Tracing the path

Batching with dig

DNS brute-forcing with fierce

Default command usage

Creating a custom word list

Gathering and validating domain and IP information

Gathering information with Whois

Specifying which registrar to use

Where in the world is this IP?

Defensive measures

Using search engines to do your job for you

Shodan

Filters

Understanding banners

HTTP banners

Finding specific assets

Finding people (and their documents) on the web

Google hacking database

Google filters

Searching the Internet for clues

Creating network baselines with scanPBNJ

Metadata collection

Extracting metadata from photos using exiftool

Summary

5. Network Service Attacks

Configuring and testing our lab clients

Kali – manual ifconfig

Ubuntu – manual ifconfig

Verifying connectivity

Maintaining IP settings after reboot

Angry IP Scanner

Nmap – getting to know you

Commonly seen Nmap scan types and options

Basic scans – warming up

Other Nmap techniques

Remaining stealthy

Taking your time

Trying different scan types

SYN scan

Null scan

ACK scan

Conclusion

Shifting blame – the zombies did it!

IDS rules and how to avoid them

Using decoys

Adding custom Nmap scripts to your arsenal

Deciding if a script is right for you

Adding a new script to the database

Zenmap – for those who want the GUI

SNMP – a goldmine of information just waiting to be discovered

When the SNMP community string is NOT "public"

Network baselines with scanPBNJ

Setting up MySQL for PBNJ

Preparing the PBNJ database

First scan

Reviewing the data

Enumeration avoidance techniques

Naming conventions

Port knocking

Intrusion detection and avoidance systems

Trigger points

SNMP lockdown

Reader challenge

Summary

6. Exploitation

Exploitation – why bother?

Manual exploitation

Enumerating services

Quick scans with unicornscan

Full scanning with Nmap

Banner grabbing with Netcat and Ncat

Banner grabbing with Netcat

Banner grabbing with Ncat

Banner grabbing with smbclient

Searching Exploit-DB

Exploit-DB at hand

Compiling the code

Compiling proof-of-concept code

Troubleshooting the code

What are all of these ^M characters and why won't they go away?

Broken strings – the reunion

Running the exploit

Getting files to and from victim machines

Starting a TFTP server on Kali

Installing and configuring pure-ftpd

Starting pure-ftpd

Passwords – something you know…

Cracking the hash

Brute-forcing passwords

Metasploit – learn it and love it

Databases and Metasploit

Performing an nmap scan from within Metasploit

Using auxiliary modules

Using Metasploit to exploit Kioptrix

Reader challenge

Summary

7. Web Application Attacks

Practice makes perfect

Creating a KioptrixVM Level 3 clone

Installing and configuring Mutillidae on the Ubuntu virtual machine

Configuring pfSense

Configuring the pfSense DHCP server

Starting the virtual lab

pfSense DHCP – Permanent reservations

Installing HAProxy for load balancing

Adding Kioptrix3.com to the host file

Detecting load balancers

Quick reality check – Load Balance Detector

So, what are we looking for anyhow?

Detecting web application firewalls (WAF)

Taking on Level 3 – Kioptrix

Web Application Attack and Audit framework (w3af)

Using w3af GUI to save configuration time

Using a second tool for comparisons

Scanning using the w3af console

Using WebScarab as an HTTP proxy

Introduction to browser plugin HackBar

Reader challenge

Summary

8. Exploitation Concepts

Buffer overflows – a refresher

Memory basics

"C"ing is believing – Create a vulnerable program

Turning ASLR on and off in Kali

Understanding the basics of buffer overflows

64-bit exploitation

Introducing vulnserver

Fuzzing tools included in Kali

Bruteforce Exploit Detector (BED)

sfuzz – Simple fuzzer

Social Engineering Toolkit

Fast-Track

Reader challenge

Summary

9. Post-Exploitation

Rules of Engagement

What is permitted?

Can you modify anything and everything?

Are you allowed to add persistence?

How is the data that is collected and stored handled by you and your team?

Employee data and personal information

Data gathering, network analysis, and pillaging

Linux

Important directories and files

Important commands

Putting this information to use

Enumeration

Exploitation

We are connected, now what?

Which tools are available on the remote system?

Finding network information

Determine connections

Checking installed packages

Package repositories

Programs and services that run at startup

Searching for information

History files and logs

Configurations, settings, and other files

Users and credentials

Moving the files

Microsoft Windows™ post-exploitation

Important directories and files

Using Armitage for post-exploitation

Enumeration

Exploitation

We are connected, now what?

Networking details

Finding installed software and tools

Pivoting

Reader challenge

Summary

10. Stealth Techniques

Lab preparation

Kali guest machine

Ubuntu guest machine

The pfSense guest machine configuration

The pfSense network setup

WAN IP configuration

LAN IP configuration

Firewall configuration

Stealth scanning through the firewall

Finding the ports

Traceroute to find out if there is a firewall

Finding out if the firewall is blocking certain ports

Hping3

Nmap firewalk script

Now you see me, now you don't – avoiding IDS

Canonicalization

Timing is everything

Blending in

PfSense SSH logs

Looking at traffic patterns

Cleaning up compromised hosts

Using a checklist

When to clean up

Local log files

Miscellaneous evasion techniques

Divide and conquer

Hiding out (on controlled units)

File Integrity Monitoring (FIM)

Using common network management tools to do the deed

Reader challenge

Summary

11. Data Gathering and Reporting

Record now – sort later

Old school – the text editor method

Nano

VIM –the power user's text editor of choice

Gedit – Gnome text editor

Dradis framework for collaboration

Binding to an available interface other than 127.0.0.1

The report

Reader challenge

Summary

12. Penetration Testing Challenge

Firewall lab setup

Installing additional packages in pfSense

The scenario

The virtual lab setup

AspenMLC Research Labs' virtual network

Additional system modifications

Ubuntu 8.10 server modifications

The challenge

The walkthrough

Defining the scope

Determining the "why"

So what is the "why" of this particular test?

Developing the Rules of Engagement document

Initial plan of attack

Enumeration and exploitation

Reporting

Summary

Index