Second Growth电子书

Cover

Copyright

Title Page

Dedication

Contents

List of Illustrations

Preface

Acknowledgments

1. Perceptions of Tropical Forests and Natural Regeneration

1.1 Viewing Forests as a Cycle

1.2 The Resilience of Tropical Forests

1.3 Forest Regeneration, Succession, and Forest Degradation

1.4 The Geographic Extent of Deforestation and Forest Regeneration across the Tropics

1.5 The Tropical Forests of the Future

2. Ancient Human Legacies in Tropical Forest Landscapes

2.1 Overview

2.2 The Peopling of the Tropics

2.3 Impacts of Early Hunter-Gatherer Societies

2.4 The Development of Agriculture

2.5 Holocene Climate Variability, Forest Change, and Agricultural Expansion

2.6 Conclusion

3. Landscape Transformation and Tropical Forest Regeneration through Prehistory

3.1 Overview

3.2 Earthworks and Landscape Transformations

3.3 Prehistoric Fires: Synergies between Natural and Human Causes

3.4 Ancient Soil Modifications

3.5 The Scale of Prehistoric Human Impacts in the Neotropics

3.6 Paleoecological Reconstruction of Tropical Forest Regeneration

3.7 Conclusion

4. Tropical Forest Dynamics and Disturbance Regimes

4.1 Overview

4.2 Disturbance Regimes in Tropical Forest Regions

4.3 Gap Dynamics and the Forest Growth Cycle

4.4 Detection of Historical Tropical Forest Disturbance

4.5 Are Old-Growth Tropical Forests Stable?

4.6 Conclusion

5. Successional Pathways and Forest Transformations

5.1 Overview

5.2 Variability in Successional Pathways

5.3 Successional Stages and Species Classification

5.4 Forest Definitions and Concepts

5.5 Approaches to Studying Tropical Forest Succession

5.6 Conclusion

6. Tropical Forest Succession on Newly Created Substrates

6.1 Overview

6.2 Biological Legacies and Local Resource Availability

6.3 Colonization and Succession on Landslides

6.4 Succession following Volcanic Eruptions

6.5 Riverbank Succession

6.6 Conclusion

7. Forest Regeneration following Agricultural Land Uses

7.1 Overview

7.2 Effects of Land Use and Biological Legacies on Propagule Availability and Modes of Regeneration

7.3 Effects of Land Use on Site Quality and Resource Availability

7.4 Conclusion

8. Forest Regeneration following Hurricanes and Fires

8.1 Overview

8.2 Hurricane Damage and Regeneration

8.3 Tropical Forest Regeneration after Single and Recurrent Fires

8.4 Conclusion

9. Forest Regeneration following Selective Logging and Land-Use Synergisms

9.1 Overview

9.2 Harvesting Intensity, Forest Disturbance, and Postlogging Forest Regeneration

9.3 Effects of Logging on Animal Abundance and Diversity

9.4 Consequences of Land-Use Synergisms for Forest Regeneration

9.5 Conclusion

10. Functional Traits and Community Assembly during Secondary Succession

10.1 Overview

10.2 Environmental Gradients during Succession

10.3 Successional Changes in Life-Form Composition

10.4 Functional Traits of Early and Late Successional Species

10.5 Environmental Filtering, Functional Diversity, and Community Assembly during Succession

10.6 A General Scheme for Community Assembly during Secondary Succession

10.7 Conclusion

11. Recovery of Ecosystem Functions during Forest Regeneration

11.1 Overview

11.2 Loss of Nutrients and Carbon during Conversion of Forest to Agriculture

11.3 Accumulation of Carbon and Nutrients during Forest Regeneration

11.4 Nutrient Cycling and Nutrient Limitation

11.5 Hydrology and Water Balance

11.6 Conclusion

Plates

12. Animal Diversity and Plant-Animal Interactions in Regenerating Forests

12.1 Overview

12.2 Animal Diversity in Regenerating Forests

12.3 Plant-Herbivore Interactions during Forest Regeneration

12.4 Seed Dispersal and Predation during Forest Regeneration

12.5 Pollination in Regenerating Forests

12.6 Conclusion

13. Tropical Reforestation Pathways

13.1 Overview

13.2 Reforestation Goals and Decisions

13.3 Reforestation through Management of Forest Fallows

13.4 Ecological Forest Restoration in the Tropics

13.5 Recovery of Biodiversity during Reforestation

13.6 Recovery of Ecosystem Properties during Forest Restoration

13.7 Conclusion

14. Regenerating Forests in Tropical Landscapes

14.1 Overview

14.2 Land-Use Transitions and Forest Transitions

14.3 The Landscape Context of Forest Regeneration

14.4 Socioecological Drivers of Tropical Reforestation

14.5 Enhancing Forest Regeneration and Human Livelihoods in the Landscape Matrix

14.6 Conclusion

15. Synthesis: The Promise of Tropical Forest Regeneration in an Age of Deforestation

15.1 The Power of Forest Regeneration

15.2 Tropical Forest Change and Resilience

15.3 The Current and Future Value of Regenerating Tropical Forests

15.4 New Approaches to Promoting Forest Regeneration

References

Index