Zabbix 4 Network Monitoring电子书

Title Page

Copyright and Credits

Zabbix 4 Network Monitoring Third Edition

About Packt

Why subscribe?

Packt.com

Contributors

About the authors

About the reviewers

Packt is searching for authors like you

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files

Download the color images

Conventions used

Get in touch

Reviews

Getting Started with Zabbix

Technical requirements

The first steps in monitoring

Zabbix features and architecture

Installation

Choosing the version and repository

Hardware requirements

Installing from the packages

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)/CentOS

EPEL

The Zabbix repository

Ubuntu/Debian

Installing from source

The server and agent

Software requirements

Downloading the source

Compilation

Dash or underscore

Initial configuration

Creating and populating the database

Starting up

Verifying the service's state

The web frontend

Prerequisites and setting up the environment

Using the web frontend configuration wizard

Step 1 – welcome

Step 2 – PHP prerequisites

Step 3 – database access

Step 4 – Zabbix server details

Step 5 – summary

Step 6 – writing the configuration file

Step 7 – finishing the wizard

Step 8 – logging in

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Getting Your First Notification

Exploring the frontend

The user profile

Monitoring quickstart

Creating a host

Creating an item

Introducing simple graphs

Creating triggers

Configuring email parameters

Creating an action

Information flow in Zabbix

Let's create some load

Basic item configuration

Monitoring categories

Availability

Performance

Security

Management

Efficiency

Item types

How items can be monitored

Using global search

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Monitoring with Zabbix Agents and Basic Protocols

Using the Zabbix agent

Passive items

Cloning items

Manually querying items

Active items

An active agent with multiple servers

Supported items

Choosing between active and passive items

Item scheduling

Simple checks

Setting up ICMP checks

Connecting all of the pieces

Key parameter quoting

Positional parameters for item names

Using mass update

Value mapping

Units

Custom intervals

Flexible intervals

Custom scheduling

Copying items

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Monitoring SNMP Devices

Using Net-SNMP

Using SNMPv3 with Net-SNMP

The engine ID

Authentication, encryption, and context

Adding new MIBs

Polling SNMP items in Zabbix

Translating SNMP OIDs

Dynamic indexes

SNMP bulk requests

Receiving SNMP traps

Using embedded Perl code

Filtering values by received data

Filtering values by originating host

Debugging

Handling the temporary file

SNMP Trap Translator (SNMPTT)

Using a custom script

Filtering the traps

Custom mapping

Database lookups

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Managing Hosts, Users, and Permissions

Hosts and host groups

Host inventory

Editing inventory data manually

Populating inventory data automatically

Host maintenance

Creating maintenance periods

Collecting data during maintenance

Not collecting data during maintenance

Maintenance period options

One-time only maintenance

Daily maintenance

Weekly maintenance

Monthly maintenance

Ad hoc maintenance

Users, user groups, and permissions

Authentication methods

Creating a user

Creating user groups

Permissions and maintenance

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Detecting Problems with Triggers

Triggers

The trigger-and-item relationship

Trigger dependencies

Constructing trigger expressions

Preventing trigger flapping

Checking for missing data

Triggers that time out

Triggers with adaptable thresholds

Triggers with a limited period

Relative thresholds or time shift

Verifying system time

Human-readable constants

Customizing how triggers are displayed

Triggering severities

Triggering display options

Event details

Event generation and recovery expression

Using event tags for correlation

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Acting upon Monitored Conditions

Actions

Limiting conditions when alerts are sent

Additional action conditions

Complex conditions

Dependencies and actions

Media limits for users

Sending out notifications

Using macros

Sending recovery messages

Escalating once a threshold is reached

Runner analogy

Using scripts as media

Integrating with issue management systems

Bugzilla

Computer Associates Unicenter Service Desk Manager

Atlassian JIRA

Remote commands

Global scripts

Configuring global scripts

Reusing global scripts in actions

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Simplifying Complex Configurations with Templates

Creating a template

Linking templates to hosts

Handling default templates

Changing the configuration in a template

Macro usage

User macros

Using multiple templates

Unlinking templates from hosts

Using mass update

Nested templates

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Visualizing Data with Screens and Slideshows

Configuring and sharing dashboards

Configuring the dashboard

Sharing our dashboard

Screens

Dynamic screens

Additional screen elements

Templated screens

Slide shows

Showing data on a big display

Challenges

Non-interactive display

Information overload

Displaying a specific section automatically

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Advanced Item Monitoring

Log file monitoring

Monitoring a single file

Filtering for specific strings

Monitoring rotated files

Alerting on log data

Event tags

Extracting part of the line

Parsing timestamps

Viewing log data

Reusing data on the server

Calculated items

Quoting in calculated items

Referencing items from multiple hosts

Aggregate items

Aggregating across multiple groups

User parameters

Just getting it to work

Querying data that the Zabbix agent doesn't support

Flexible user parameters

Level of the details monitored

Environment trap

Things to remember about user parameters

Wrapper scripts

When not to use user parameters

External checks

Finding a certificate expiry time

Determining certificate validity

Sending in the data

Using an agent daemon configuration file

Sending values from a file

Sending timestamped values

SSH and Telnet items

SSH items

Telnet items

Custom modules

Value preprocessing and dependent items

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Automating Configuration

LLD

Network interface discovery

Automatically creating calculated items

Automatically creating triggers

Automatically creating graphs

Filtering discovery results

Filesystem discovery

Introducing the LLD JSON format

Including discovered graphs in screens

Custom thresholds with user macro context

CPU discovery

SNMP discovery

Creating custom LLD rules

Reimplementing CPU discovery

Discovering MySQL databases

Global regular expressions

Testing global regexps

Usage in the default templates

Network discovery

Configuring a discovery rule

Viewing the results

Reacting to the discovery results

Uniqueness criteria

Active agent auto-registration

Auto-registration metadata

Summary

Further reading

Monitoring Web Pages

Monitoring a simple web page

Creating a web-monitoring scenario

Other scenarios and step properties

Alerting on web scenarios

Logging into the Zabbix interface

Step 1 – checking the first page

Step 2 – logging in

Step 3 – checking login

Step 4 – logging out

Step 5 – checking logout

Authentication options

Using agent items

Getting the page

Checking page performance

Extracting content from web pages

Extracting content using the HTTP agent

Summary

Questions

Further reading

High-Level Business Service Monitoring

Deciding on the service tree

Setting up IT services

Creating test items and triggers

Configuring IT services

Sending in the data

Viewing reports

Specifying uptime and downtime

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Monitoring IPMI Devices

Getting an IPMI device

Preparing for IPMI monitoring

Setting up IPMI items

Creating an IPMI item

Monitoring discrete sensors

Using the bitwise trigger function

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Monitoring Java Applications

Setting up the Zabbix Java gateway

Monitoring JMX items

Querying JMX items manually

What to monitor?

JMX discovery

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Monitoring VMware

Technical requirements

Preparing for VMware monitoring

Automatic discovery

Available metrics

The underlying operation

VMware LLD configuration

Host prototypes

Summarizing default template interaction

Server operation and configuration details

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Using Proxies to Monitor Remote Locations

Active proxies and passive proxies

Setting up an active proxy

Monitoring a host through a proxy

Proxy benefits

Proxy limitations

Proxy operation

Proxies and availability monitoring

Method 1 – last access item

Method 2 – internal proxy buffer item

Method 3 – custom proxy buffer item

Setting up a passive proxy

Tweaking the proxy configuration

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Encrypting Zabbix Traffic

Overview

Backend libraries

PSK encryption

Certificate-based encryption

Being our own authority

Setting up Zabbix with certificates

Concerns and further reading

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Working Closely with Data

Getting raw data

Extracting from the frontend

Querying the database

Using data in a remote site

Diving further into the database

Managing users

Changing existing data

Finding out when

The when in computer language

Finding out what

Performing the change

Using XML import/export for configuration

Exporting the initial configuration

Modifying the configuration

The XML export format

Scripting around the export

Importing modified configuration

Generating hosts

Importing images

Starting with the Zabbix API

Simple operations

Obtaining the API version

Logging in

Enabling and disabling hosts

Creating a host

Deleting a host

Creating a value map

Obtaining history and trends

Issues with the Zabbix API

Using API libraries

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Zabbix Maintenance

Internal monitoring

New values per second

Zabbix server uptime

Cache usage

Internal process busy rate

Unsupported items and more problems

Counting unsupported items

Reviewing unsupported items

Internal events and unknown triggers

Backing things up

Backing up the database

Restoring from a backup

Separating configuration and data backups

Upgrading Zabbix

General version policy

Long-term support and short-term support

The upgrade process

Minor version upgrade

Upgrading binaries

Upgrading the frontend

Major-level upgrades

Database versioning

Gathering data during the upgrade

The frontend configuration file

Compatibility

Performance considerations

Who did that?

Exploring configuration file parameters

Zabbix agent daemon and common parameters

Zabbix server daemon parameters

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Troubleshooting

Introduction

Common issues

Installation

Compilation

Frontend

Backend

Locked out of the frontend

Monitoring

General monitoring

Monitoring with the Zabbix agent

User parameters

SNMP devices

IPMI monitoring

ICMP checks

Problems with simple checks

Problems with zabbix_sender and trapper items

General issues

Triggers

Actions

Discoveries and autoregistration

Troubleshooting Zabbix

The Zabbix log file format

Reloading the configuration cache

Controlling running daemons

Runtime process status

Further debugging

Being Part of the Community

Community and support

Chatting on IRC

Using the Zabbix Wiki

Using the Zabbix forum

Filing issues on the tracker

Meeting in person

The Zabbix summit

Local communities

Following the development

Getting the source

Daily snapshots

Accessing the version-control system

Looking at the changesets

Translating Zabbix

Commercial support options

Assessment

Chapter 1: Getting Started with Zabbix

Chapter 2: Getting Your First Notification

Chapter 3: Monitoring with Zabbix Agents and Basic Protocols

Chapter 4: Monitoring SNMP Devices

Chapter 5: Managing Hosts, Users, and Permissions

Chapter 6: Detecting Problems with Triggers

Chapter 7: Acting upon Monitored Conditions

Chapter 8: Simplifying Complex Configurations with Templates

Chapter 9: Visualizing Data with Screens and Slideshows

Chapter 10: Advanced Item Monitoring

Chapter 12: Monitoring Web Pages

Chapter 13: High-Level Business Service Monitoring

Chapter 14: Monitoring IPMI Devices

Chapter 15: Monitoring Java Applications

Chapter 16: Monitoring VMware

Chapter 17: Using Proxies to Monitor Remote Locations

Chapter 18: Encrypting Zabbix Traffic

Chapter 19: Working Closely with Data

Chapter 20: Zabbix Maintenance

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