Getting Started with Python for the Internet of Things电子书

Title Page

Copyright and Credits

Getting Started with Python for the Internet of Things

About Packt

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Contributors

About the authors

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Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

Download the example code files

Conventions used

Get in touch

Reviews

Getting Started with a Raspberry Pi 3 Computer

Introduction

Introducing Raspberry Pi

What's with the name?

Why Python?

Python 2 and Python 3

Which version of Python should you use?

The Raspberry Pi family – a brief history of Pi

Which Pi to choose?

Connecting to Raspberry Pi

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Secondary hardware connections

Using NOOBS to set up your Raspberry Pi SD card

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Changing the default user password

Ensuring that you shut down safely

Preparing an SD card manually

Expanding the system to fit in your SD card

Accessing the RECOVERY/BOOT partition

Using the tools to back up your SD card in case of failure

Networking and connecting your Raspberry Pi to the internet via an Ethernet port, using a CAT6 Ethernet cable

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Using built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on Raspberry Pi

Getting ready

How to do it...

Connecting to your Wi-Fi network

Connecting to Bluetooth devices

Configuring your network manually

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Networking directly to a laptop or computer

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Direct network link

See also

Networking and connecting your Raspberry Pi to the internet via a USB Wi-Fi dongle

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Using USB wired network adapters

Connecting to the internet through a proxy server

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Connecting remotely to Raspberry Pi over the network using VNC

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Connecting remotely to Raspberry Pi over the network using SSH (and X11 forwarding)

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Running multiple programs with X11 forwarding

Running as a desktop with X11 forwarding

Running Pygame and Tkinter with X11 forwarding

Sharing the home folder of Raspberry Pi with SMB

Getting ready

How to do it...

Keeping Raspberry Pi up to date

Getting ready

How to do it...

There's more...

Dividing Text Data and Building Text Classifiers

Introduction

Building a text classifier

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Pre-processing data using tokenization

How to do it...

Stemming text data

How to do it...

Dividing text using chunking

How to do it...

Building a bag-of-words model

How to do it...

Applications of text classifiers

Using Python for Automation and Productivity

Introduction

Using Tkinter to create graphical user interfaces

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Creating a graphical application – Start menu

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Displaying photo information in an application

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Organizing your photos automatically

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Predicting Sentiments in Words

Building a Naive Bayes classifier

How to do it...

See also

Logistic regression classifier

How to do it...

Splitting the dataset for training and testing

How to do it...

Evaluating the accuracy using cross-validation

How to do it...

Analyzing the sentiment of a sentence

How to do it...

Identifying patterns in text using topic modeling

How to do it...

Applications of sentiment analysis

Detecting Edges and Contours in Images

Introduction

Loading, displaying, and saving images

How to do it...

Image flipping

How to do it...

Image scaling

How to do it...

Erosion and dilation

How to do it...

Image segmentation

How to do it...

Blurring and sharpening images

How to do it...

Detecting edges in images

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Histogram equalization

How to do it…

Detecting corners in images

How to do it...

Building Face Detector and Face Recognition Applications

Introduction

Building a face detector application

How to do it...

Building a face recognition application

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Applications of a face recognition system

Using Python to Drive Hardware

Introduction

Controlling an LED

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Controlling the GPIO current

Responding to a button

Getting ready

Trying a speaker or headphone with Raspberry Pi

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Safe voltages

Pull-up and pull-down resistor circuits

Protection resistors

A controlled shutdown button

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Resetting and rebooting Raspberry Pi

Adding extra functions

The GPIO keypad input

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Generating other key combinations

Emulating mouse events

Multiplexed color LEDs

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Hardware multiplexing

Displaying random patterns

Mixing multiple colors

Writing messages using persistence of vision

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

Sensing and Displaying Real-World Data

Introduction

Using devices with the I2C bus

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Using multiple I2C devices

I2C bus and level shifting

Using just the PCF8591 chip or adding alternative sensors

Reading analog data using an analog-to-digital converter

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Gathering analog data without hardware

Logging and plotting data

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Plotting live data

Scaling and calibrating data

Extending the Raspberry Pi GPIO with an I/O expander

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

I/O expander voltages and limits

Using your own I/O expander module

Directly controlling an LCD alphanumeric display

Capturing data in an SQLite database

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

The CREATE TABLE command

The INSERT command

The SELECT command

The WHERE command

The UPDATE command

The DELETE command

The DROP command

Viewing data from your own webserver

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

There's more...

Security

Using MySQL instead

Sensing and sending data to online services

Getting ready

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Building Neural Network Modules for Optical Character Recognition

Introduction

Visualizing optical characters

How to do it...

Building an optical character recognizer using neural networks

How to do it...

How it works...

See also

Applications of an OCR system

Arithmetic Operations, Loops, and Blinky Lights

Hardware required for this chapter

Arithmetic operations

Bitwise operators in Python

Logical operators

Data types and variables in Python

Reading inputs from the user

The formatted string output

The str.format() method

An exercise for the reader

Another exercise for the reader

Concatenating strings

Loops in Python

A for loop

Indentation

Nested loops

A while loop

Raspberry Pi's GPIO

Blinky lights

Code

The applications of GPIO control

Summary

Conditional Statements, Functions, and Lists

Conditional statements

An if-else statement

if-elif-else statement

Breaking out of loops

The applications of conditional statements: executing tasks using GPIO

Breaking out a loop by counting button presses

Functions in Python

Passing arguments to a function:

Returning values from a function

The scope of variables in a function

GPIO callback functions

DC motor control in Python

Some mini-project challenges for the reader

Summary

Communication Interfaces

UART – serial port

Raspberry Pi Zero's UART port

Setting up the Raspberry Pi Zero serial port

Example 1 – interfacing a carbon dioxide sensor to the Raspberry Pi

Python code for serial port communication

I2C communication

Example 2 – PiGlow

Installing libraries

Example

Example 3 – Sensorian add-on hardware for the Raspberry Pi

I2C drivers for the lux sensor

Challenge

The SPI interface

Example 4 – writing to external memory chip

Challenge to the reader

Summary

Data Types and Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Lists

Operations that could be performed on a list

Append element to list:

Remove element from list:

Retrieving the index of an element

Popping an element from the list

Counting the instances of an element:

Inserting element at a specific position:

Challenge to the reader

Extending a list

Clearing the elements of a list

Sorting the elements of a list

Reverse the order of elements in list

Create copies of a list

Accessing list elements

Accessing a set of elements within a list

List membership

Let's build a simple game!

Dictionaries

Tuples

Sets

OOP in Python

Revisiting the student ID card example

Class

Adding methods to a class

Doc strings in Python

self

Speaker controller

Light control daemon

Summary

File I/O and Python Utilities

File I/O

Reading from a file

Reading lines

Writing to a file

Appending to a file

seek

Read n bytes

r+

Challenge to the reader

The with keyword

configparser

Challenge to the reader

Reading/writing to CSV files

Writing to CSV files

Reading from CSV files

Python utilities

The os module

Checking a file's existence

Checking for a folder's existence

Deleting files

Killing a process

Monitoring a process

The glob module

Challenge to the reader

The shutil module

The subprocess module

The sys module

Summary

Requests and Web Frameworks

The try/except keywords

try...except...else

try...except...else...finally

Connecting to the Internet – web requests

The application of requests – retrieving weather information

The application of requests – publishing events to the Internet

Flask web framework

Installing Flask

Building our first example

Controlling appliances using the Flask framework

Summary

Awesome Things You Could Develop Using Python

Image processing using a Raspberry Pi Zero

OpenCV

The verification of the installation

A challenge to the reader

Installing the camera to the Raspberry Zero

Speech recognition

Automating routing tasks

Improving daily commute

A challenge to the reader

Project challenge

Improving your vocabulary

A challenge to the reader

Project challenge

Logging

Threading in Python

PEP8 style guide for Python

Verifying PEP8 guidelines

Summary

Robotics 101

The hardware arsenal

Setting up Raspberry Pi

Let's program

Playing with voltage

Summary

Using GPIOs as Input

A deeper dive into GPIOs

Interfacing the PIR sensor

Interfacing the ultrasonic proximity sensor

Interfacing through I2C

Summary

Making a Gardener Robot

Working with solenoids

Making the robot

Making it more intelligent

Making it truly intelligent

Summary

Basics of Motors

The basics

Getting it rolling

Changing the speed

Summary

Bluetooth-Controlled Robotic Car

Basics of the vehicle

Getting the vehicle ready

Controlling the vehicle by Bluetooth

Summary

Sensor Interface for Obstacle Avoidance

Infrared proximity sensor

Autonomous emergency braking

Giving the car self-steering capabilities

Making it fully autonomous

Summary

Making Your Own Area Scanner

Servo motor

Lists

Looking around

LIDAR on an autonomous vehicle

Summary

Basic Switching

Making Jarvis wake you up

Working with relay and PIR sensor

Making the alarm irritating

Making it even more irritating

Summary

Recognizing Humans with Jarvis

Turn on the light Jarvis

Understanding motion

Perfecting motion

Controlling the intensity

Intelligent temperature control

Adding more

Summary

Making Jarvis IoT Enabled

Basics of IoT

The MQTT protocol

Setting up the MQTT broker

Making an IoT-based intrusion detector

Controlling the home

Summary

Giving Voice to Jarvis

Basic installation

Automatic delivery answering machine

Making an interactive door – answering robot

Making Jarvis understand our voice

Summary

Gesture Recognition

Electric field sensing

Using the Flick HAT

Gesture recognition-based automation

Summary

Machine Learning

Making a dataset

Predicting using a dataset

Making your home learn

Home learning and automation

Summary

Making a Robotic Arm

Basics of a robotic arm

Degrees of freedom

Power house

Voltage

Capacity

Power-to-weight ratio

Maximum charge and discharge rate

Chemical composition

Finding the limits

Making the robot safe

Programming multiple frames

Speed control

Summary

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