呈现于您眼前的这套美国数学课本，是一套在西方流行了近半个世纪、至今仍在使用的经典教材。编者约瑟夫?雷伊教授，1807年出生于美国弗吉尼亚俄亥俄县，从小在当地学校受教育，成绩优秀。16岁时始其教师职业生涯。18岁,雷伊来到富兰克林学院跟随乔尔?马丁教授学习医学，此后又俄亥俄医学院学习。大学毕业后，他在辛辛那提伍德沃德中学任教，讲授数学。1836年，伍德沃德中学由高中升格为辛辛那提伍德学院，雷伊成为该学院教授。1851年，该校又变为一所公立高中，雷伊一直在此担任校长，直至去世。雷伊一生杰出的成就是他倾心编写的系列数学教材，并以此闻名。这套数学课本与他在伍德学院的同事威廉?麦加菲编写的《美国语文读本》，同时被美国近万所学校作为教材，累计销量均超过1.22亿册，对几代美国人的教育产生了很大影响。直至今日，这两套书仍被当作美国家庭教育(Homeschooling)的推荐教材，也是美国学生准备SAT考试的参考用书。 与其他数学书相比，雷伊数学教材至少有以下几个明显特： ，强调在“学”中掌握“数”。例如，《小学数学》不完全按难度分册，而是根据其实际应用范围分为四册：初级算术、智力算术、实用算术与高级算术。让学生从对数的认知、运算法则的掌握，延伸到数学在实际生活中的广泛应用，如物、记账、存款、利息等，并向更高的学术层次过渡。 第二，将数学问题融于文字题（Word Problem）之中。即便简单的加减运算，它也通过讲故事的方式呈现出来。这样孩子们在学习数学时，不仅可以训练其数学思维，语言能力也可以同步提高。 第三，将抽象思维具体化。书中的数学题大都结合现实事物表述出来，让孩子们理解他们所学的数学在现实生活中是如何加以应用的。这对低年级学生来说，尤其帮助很大，他们能更快更清楚地理解那些对其年龄来讲过于抽象的数学概念。 第四，将不同学科知识融数学问题中。这种编写方法能让学生从数学应用的不同领域来掌握数学科学，帮助学生从低年级数学步更复杂的数学应用领域，如几何学与会计学等。孩子们在学习数学的同时，又能受其他学科知识。如书中有这样一道题：“华盛顿将军出生于公元1732年，他活了67岁，那么他是于哪一年去世？”这么一道简单的计算题,便将历史知识与数学结合起来，一举多得。 对于中国孩子来讲，这套数学课本不仅能教孩子学习数学，更是学习英语的很好途径，让他们换个思维学英语。与阅读文学读本相比，这是另一种不同的感觉，或许更能激发孩子学习英语的兴趣。数学的词汇含义固定，也易于理解记忆，孩子在解题的同时也能提高英语水平，可谓一举多得。对于那些将来准备参加出国英语考试的学生来讲，这套书意义更大，对他们将来的求学之路应该大有帮助。 后，我们需向读者特别说明一，由于这套书涉及数字与数学符号偏多，考虑到重新录排版会出现一些难免的错误，给读者学习带来极大不便。于是我们采用了原版影印的办法，以保证内容的高度准确性，但文字清晰度与重新录相比略有缺陷，敬请读者谅解。 衷心祝愿天下孩子们快乐成长，并期待您的宝贵意见与建议。 <br/>【推荐语】<br/>We are honored and happy to bring this classic Arithmetic by Joseph Ray. These popular books sold more than any other arithmetic in America, in fact over 120 million copies and are still used in modern American schools and families. As you can see, this set of Arithmetic textbooks is organized in an orderly manner around the discipline of arithmetic itself. Ray emphasized critical thinking in his classroom. He believed that his students needed to learn how to apply what they learned to real-life situations. Rather than giving his pupilssimple problems to solve, he preferred word problems. Student scan increase their reading comprehension skills, and learn to think. This book introduces the four operations of addition,subtraction, multiplication, and division, along with counting and other basic skills. It can be used to guide your teaching for about two years through grades 1 and 2. It goes farther than the average second grade course, but with Ray's mental system many second graders are able to do this work.<br/>【作者】<br/>Joseph Ray was born onNovember 25, 1807, in OhioCounty, Virginia. He attendedlocal schools and quickly provedhimself to be an adept student.By the time he was sixteen, he had begun a careeras a teacher. In 1825, Ray enrolled in FranklinCollege in New Athens, Ohio. While a studentat Franklin College, Ray studied medicine underJoel Martin. Upon graduating from college in1828, Ray enrolled in the Medical College ofOhio, located in Cincinnati. During the winterhe attended college, and during the summers, hetaught school. He graduated in 1831. Ray is most famous for authoring mathematicaltextbooks. By the end of the nineteenth century4 Ray's texts had become the most widely used mathbooks in the United States, with sales approaching 120 million copies. For a time, they were the mostused textbooks across all disciplines. William Mc Guffey, a colleague of Ray's at WoodwardCollege, eventually produced a series of Englishreaders. Ray was a member of the Ohio State TeachersAssociation and served as that organization'spresident in 1853. In 1854, he became an associateeditor for The Ohio Journal of Education. Hedied on April 11, 1855, from tuberculosis.<br/>
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