Python Programming for Arduino电子书

Python Programming for Arduino

Table of Contents

Python Programming for Arduino

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more

Why subscribe?

Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Getting Started with Python and Arduino

Introduction to Python

Why we use Python

When do we use other languages

Installing Python and Setuptools

Installing Python

Linux

Ubuntu

Fedora and Red Hat

Windows

Mac OS X

Installing Setuptools

Linux

Windows

Mac OS X

Installing pip

Installing Python packages

The fundamentals of Python programming

Python operators and built-in types

Operators

Built-in types

Data structures

Lists

Tuples

Sets

Dictionaries

Controlling the flow of your program

The if statement

The for statement

The while statement

Built-in functions

Conversions

Math operations

String operations

Introduction to Arduino

History

Why Arduino?

Arduino variants

The Arduino Uno board

Installing the Arduino IDE

Linux

Mac OS X

Windows

Getting started with the Arduino IDE

What is an Arduino sketch?

Working with libraries

Using Arduino examples

Compiling and uploading sketches

Using the Serial Monitor window

Introduction to Arduino programming

Comments

Variables

Constants

Data types

Conversions

Functions and statements

The setup() function

The loop() function

The pinMode() function

Working with pins

Statements

Summary

2. Working with the Firmata Protocol and the pySerial Library

Connecting the Arduino board

Linux

Mac OS X

Windows

Troubleshooting

Introducing the Firmata protocol

What is Firmata?

Uploading a Firmata sketch to the Arduino board

Testing the Firmata protocol

Getting started with pySerial

Installing pySerial

Playing with a pySerial example

Bridging pySerial and Firmata

Summary

3. The First Project – Motion-triggered LEDs

Motion-triggered LEDs – the project description

The project goal

The list of components

The software flow design

The hardware system design

Introducing Fritzing – a hardware prototyping software

Working with the breadboard

Designing the hardware prototype

Testing hardware connections

Method 1 – using a standalone Arduino sketch

The project setup

The Arduino sketch

The setup() function

The loop() function

Working with custom Arduino functions

Testing

Troubleshooting

Method 2 – using Python and Firmata

The project setup

Working with Python executable files

The Python code

Working with pyFirmata methods

Working with Python functions

Testing

Troubleshooting

Summary

4. Diving into Python-Arduino Prototyping

Prototyping

Working with pyFirmata methods

Setting up the Arduino board

Configuring Arduino pins

The direct method

Assigning pin modes

Working with pins

Reporting data

Manual operations

The write() method

The read() method

Additional functions

Upcoming functions

Prototyping templates using Firmata

Potentiometer – continuous observation from an analog input

Connections

The Python code

Buzzer – generating sound alarm pattern

Connections

The Python code

DC motor – controlling motor speed using PWM

Connections

The Python code

LED – controlling LED brightness using PWM

Connections

The Python code

Servomotor – moving the motor to a certain angle

Connections

The Python code

Prototyping with the I2C protocol

Arduino examples for I2C interfacing

Arduino coding for the TMP102 temperature sensor

Arduino coding for the BH1750 light sensor

PyMata for quick I2C prototyping

Interfacing TMP102 using PyMata

Interfacing BH1750 using PyMata

Useful pySerial commands

Connecting with the serial port

Reading a line from the port

Flushing the port to avoid buffer overflow

Closing the port

Summary

5. Working with the Python GUI

Learning Tkinter for GUI design

Your first Python GUI program

The root widget Tk() and the top-level methods

The Label() widget

The Pack geometry manager

The Button() widget – interfacing GUI with Arduino and LEDs

The Entry() widget – providing manual user inputs

The Scale() widget – adjusting the brightness of an LED

The Grid geometry manager

The Checkbutton() widget – selecting LEDs

The Label() widget – monitoring I/O pins

Remaking your first Python-Arduino project with a GUI

Summary

6. Storing and Plotting Arduino Data

Working with files in Python

The open() method

The write() method

The close() method

The read() method

The with statement – Python context manager

Using CSV files to store data

Storing Arduino data in a CSV file

Getting started with matplotlib

Configuring matplotlib on Windows

Configuring matplotlib on Mac OS X

Upgrading matplotlib

Troubleshooting installation errors

Setting up matplotlib on Ubuntu

Plotting random numbers using matplotlib

Plotting data from a CSV file

Plotting real-time Arduino data

Integrating plots in the Tkinter window

Summary

7. The Midterm Project – a Portable DIY Thermostat

Thermostat – the project description

Project background

Project goals and stages

The list of required components

Hardware design

Software flow for user experience design

Stage 1 – prototyping the thermostat

The Arduino sketch for the thermostat

Interfacing the temperature sensor

Interfacing the humidity sensor

Interfacing the light sensor

Using Arduino interrupts

Designing the GUI and plot in Python

Using pySerial to stream sensor data in your Python program

Designing the GUI using Tkinter

Plotting percentage humidity using matplotlib

Using button interrupts to control the parameters

Changing the temperature unit by pressing a button

Swapping between the GUI and the plot by pressing a button

Troubleshooting

Stage 2 – using a Raspberry Pi for the deployable thermostat

What is a Raspberry Pi?

Installing the operating system and configuring the Raspberry Pi

What do you need to begin using the Raspberry Pi?

Preparing an SD card

The Raspberry Pi setup process

Using a portable TFT LCD display with the Raspberry Pi

Connecting the TFT LCD using GPIO

Configuring the TFT LCD with the Raspberry Pi OS

Optimizing the GUI for the TFT LCD screen

Troubleshooting

Summary

8. Introduction to Arduino Networking

Arduino and the computer networking

Networking fundamentals

Obtaining the IP address of your computer

Windows

Mac OS X

Linux

Networking extensions for Arduino

Arduino Ethernet Shield

Arduino WiFi Shield

Arduino Yún

Arduino Ethernet library

The Ethernet class

The IPAddress class

The Server class

The Client class

Exercise 1 – a web server, your first Arduino network program

Developing web applications using Python

Python web framework – web.py

Installing web.py

Your first Python web application

Essential web.py concepts for developing complex web applications

Handling URLs

The GET and POST methods

Templates

Forms

Exercise 2 – playing with web.py concepts using the Arduino serial interface

RESTful web applications with Arduino and Python

Designing REST-based Arduino applications

Working with the GET request from Arduino

The Arduino code to generate the GET request

The HTTP server using web.py to handle the GET request

Working with the POST request from Arduino

The Arduino code to generate the POST request

The HTTP server using web.py to handle the POST request

Exercise 3 – a RESTful Arduino web application

The Arduino sketch for the exercise

The web.py application to support REST requests

Why do we need a resource-constrained messaging protocol?

MQTT – A lightweight messaging protocol

Introduction to MQTT

Mosquitto – an open source MQTT broker

Setting up Mosquitto

Getting familiar with Mosquitto

Getting started with MQTT on Arduino and Python

MQTT on Arduino using the PubSubClient library

Installing the PubSubClient library

Developing the Arduino MQTT client

MQTT on Python using paho-mqtt

Installing paho-mqtt

Using the paho-mqtt Python library

Exercise 4 – MQTT Gateway for Arduino

Developing Arduino as the MQTT client

Developing the MQTT Gateway using Mosquitto

Extending the MQTT Gateway using web.py

Testing your Mosquitto Gateway

Summary

9. Arduino and the Internet of Things

Getting started with the IoT

Architecture of IoT web applications

Hardware design

The IoT cloud platforms

Xively – a cloud platform for the IoT

Setting up an account on Xively

Working with Xively

Alternative IoT platforms

ThingSpeak

Carriots

Developing cloud applications using Python and Xively

Interfacing Arduino with Xively

Uploading Arduino data to Xively

Downloading data to Arduino from Xively

Advanced code to upload and download data using Arduino

Python – uploading data to Xively

The basic method for sending data

Uploading data using a web interface based on web.py

Python – downloading data from Xively

The basic method for retrieving data from Xively

Retrieving data from the web.py web interface

Triggers – custom notifications from Xively

Your own cloud platform for the IoT

Getting familiar with the Amazon AWS platform

Setting up an account on AWS

Creating a virtual instance on the AWS EC2 service

Logging into your virtual instance

Creating an IoT platform on the EC2 instance

Installing the necessary packages on AWS

Configuring the security of the virtual instance

Testing your cloud platform

Testing the Mosquitto service

Configuring and testing basic security

Uploading and testing a project on the instance

Summary

10. The Final Project – a Remote Home Monitoring System

The design methodology for IoT projects

Project overview

The project goals

The project requirements

Designing system architecture

The monitoring station

The control center

The cloud services

Defining UX flow

The list of required components

Defining the project development stages

Stage 1 – a monitoring station using Arduino

Designing the monitoring station

The Arduino sketch for the monitoring station

Publishing sensor information

Subscribing to actuator actions

Programming an interrupt to handle the press of a button

Testing

Stage 2 – a control center using Python and the Raspberry Pi

The control center architecture

The Python code for the control center

Creating the GUI using Tkinter

Communicating with the Mosquitto broker

Calculating the system's status and situation awareness

Communicating with Xively

Checking and updating the buzzer's status

Testing the control center with the monitoring station

Setting up the control center on the Raspberry Pi

Stage 3 – a web application using Xively, Python, and Amazon cloud service

Architecture of the cloud services

Python web application hosted on Amazon AWS

Testing the web application

Testing and troubleshooting

Extending your remote home monitoring system

Utilizing multiple monitoring stations

Extending sensory capabilities

Improving UX

Expanding cloud-based features

Improving intelligence for situation awareness

Creating an enclosure for hardware components

Summary

11. Tweet-a-PowerStrip

Project overview

Project requirements

System architecture

Required hardware components

Relays

PowerSwitch Tail

User experience flow

Development and deployment stages

Stage 1 – a smart power strip with Arduino and relays

Hardware design

The Arduino code

Stage 2 – the Python code to process tweets

Python software flow

Setting up the Twitter application

The Python code

Testing and troubleshooting

Extending the project with additional features

Summary

Index