Joomla! Accessibility电子书

Joomla! Accessibility

Table of Contents

Joomla! Accessibility

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

Preface

What This Book Covers

Who is This Book for

Conventions

Reader Feedback

Customer Support

Errata

Questions

1. Why be Accessible?

Defining Accessibility

Understanding Your Users

Dealing with Change

Think Different

What Are the Benefits of Accessibility?

Accessibility Legislation

Irish Legislation

Accessible Procurement

Laws and Public Policies in Other Countries

UK Legislation

The US and Section 508/504

So What's the Big Deal with 508?

The European Union (EU) and e-Accessibility

eEurope Action Plan

e-Inclusion Policy

European Policy and the Future

So What Does It All Mean to You?

Summary

2. Understanding Accessibility

What Will Joomla! Not Do?

Usability

User Testing

Using Personas

Building Personas

Understanding Accessibility

Being Accessible Doesn't Hurt

WCAG 1.0

Differences Between WCAG 1.0 and WCAG 2.0

Principle 1—Content Must be Perceivable (P)

Principle 2—Interface Elements must be Operable (O)

Principle 3—Content and Controls must be Understandable (U)

Principle 4—Content Should be Robust Enough to Work with Current and Future Technologies (R)

Understanding WCAG

Summary

3. Understanding Disability and Assistive Technology (AT)

Blindness

Visual Impairment

Glaucoma

Macular Degeneration

Retinopathy

Detached Retina

Physical Disabilities

Cognitive Disabilities

Assistive Technology (AT)

What is a Screen Reader?

Screen Magnification

Switch Access

How Do Switches Work?

Mouse Emulation

Useful Tools for Developers

Web Accessibility Tools Consortium (WAT-C)

Mozilla Web Developer Toolbar

Sitting Comfortably? Then we'll Begin

Exercise 1—"No Frills" Browsing

If You are Using Firefox

Internet Explorer

ActiveX

Disabling JavaScript and Java in IE

Flash content

Mouse Free Zone

The Acid Test

Finally—Was It Good for You?

Try it yourself

Exercise 2—Turn Off Your Display

Summary

4. Creating Accessible Content

Describe What it is, Not How it Looks

All the (X)HTML You Need in Two Minutes

Using Headings to Communicate Structure

Time For Action—Let's Add Some Content

What Just Happened?

Time for Action—Adding Headings with WYSIWYG

What Just Happened?

Time for Action—Adding Headings by Editing the HTML

Add Frequent Headings to Assist the Screen Reader

How to Use Different Levels of Headings

Another Important Element

Lists

Time for Action—Adding Lists

What Just Happened?

Make Images Accessible

Description Anxiety

Time for Action—Adding Alternate Text to an Image

What Just Happened?

Choosing Good Alternate Text for Images

What is Good Alternate Text?

Ignoring Purely Decorative Images

Charts, Graphs, and Infographics

Describing Photographs

Time for action—Using longdesc

What Just Happened?

Good Link Text Assists Accessibility

Creating Accessible Tables

The Trouble with Tables

Time for Action—Create an Accessible Table (Part 1)

What Just Happened?

Time for Action—Create an Accessible Table (Part 2)

What Just Happened?

Does it Work?

Time for Action—Create an Accessible Table (Part 3)

Putting it All Together

What Just Happened?

Does Joomla! Have Good Table Manners?

Summary

5. Creating Accessible Templates

Understanding How Joomla! Templates Work

Separation Anxiety—Layout Tables, HTML, and CSS

Joomla! 1.0 Used Tables for Layout, So What's the Problem?

Why Are Tables Bad for Layout?

Building a Standards-Compliant Joomla! Template from Scratch

What Modules Do I Need?

Color scheme

Ensure Good Color Contrast for Your Site

Icons and Graphics

Create a Mock Up If Possible

Roll Your Own Accessible Joomla! Template

Using Dreamweaver

Set Up FTP Server Connection to Your Local Host

Create a Template for Your Template

A Few More Steps, Before We Get Going with Coding Our New Template

Selecting Your Template

Choosing the Correct DOCTYPE

What's up DOC?

XHTML Rules

Just One More Thing

Putting It All Together

Basic Template Layout

CSS Scaffolding

My CSS Layout

Just Before We Add Any Content Modules

Adding Content Modules

Module Options

Finishing the Template

Advantages of Joomla! Templates

Editing Joomla! Templates

Resizable Text

How to Make Sure That Text Will Resize

Without a Mouse

Highlighting Links

Some Basic Link Styles

Skip Navigation

Accessible Templates

Summary

6. Using XStandard to Create Accessible Content

Choosing Your Editor

The XStandard Interface

Styles Menu

Tool buttons

View modes

Browser Preview

Screen Reader Preview

Help

Context Menu

Removing The "Noise" From Markup

Using Correct Markup

Relative Values

Decorative Versus Non-decorative Images

Data Tables

Create a Table

Edit Tables Using the Table Properties Dialog Box

Edit Tables Using the Context Menu

Abbreviations

Screen Reader Preview

What is Screen Reader Preview?

Using the Screen Reader Preview

Interface Accessibility

Keyboard Shortcuts

More Tiny MCE

Summary

Index