Writing: B2+ (Collins Academic Skills)电子书

Contents

Introduction

Chapter structure

Authentic academic texts

Glossary boxes

Using Writing

Study tips

Other titles

1 Essay purpose and instructions

What is academic writing?

The purpose of essays

Analysing essay titles

Analysing key words and structure of essay titles

Remember

2 Reader expectation and essay structure

Making your essay more readable

Essay structure

The introduction

The conclusion

The main body

Guiding your reader

The structure of paragraphs

Connecting paragraphs

Remember

3 Essay content and language

Content and language

The beginning of the essay

Definitions

Indicating the importance of the topic

Introducing the aim and the organization of the essay

The main body: Organizational patterns

Using visuals

The language of conclusions

Remember

4 Formality, efficiency, modesty and clarity

Four principles of academic writing

Formality

Efficiency

Modesty

Clarity

Remember

5 Accuracy

The academic principle of Accuracy

Tenses

Subject-verb agreement

Punctuation

Articles

Common errors

Remember

6 Research and analysis

Research skills

Suitable sources

Note-making skills

Deciding on level of detail and what is relevant

Critical thinking skills

Remember

7 Reading comprehension

Analysing sentence structure

Possible difficulties

Analysing noun phrases

Identifying signposts

Remember

8 Authority

The principle of Authority

Developing a clear point of view

Stating your opinion: cautious language

The use of ‘I’ and ‘we’

Evaluating your own arguments

Remember

9 Integrity

The academic principle of Integrity

Citing and referencing

Acknowledging the ideas of others

Quote or paraphrase?

Avoiding plagiarism

Just a few reasons to avoid plagiarism

Other types of plagiarism

Following citation guidelines

Citation formats

Remember

10 Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing technique

The importance of integration

Showing where your point of view fits in

Integrating quotes and paraphrases grammatically

Choosing the right tense

Summarizing

Remember

11 Essay process and presentation

From essay question to meeting the deadline

The writing process

Planning

Analysing the question / producing an outline

Researching / making notes

For more information on researching and making notes, see Chapter 6.

The first draft

The next drafts

The final draft

For more information on common errors, see Chapter 5.

Layout and presentation

Analysing essay feedback

For more information on analysing essay feedback, see Appendix 2.

Other types of writing

Remember

Appendix 1 – Taking your writing up to the next level: Example essays

Example essay 1

Comment and analysis

Example essay 2

Appendix 2 – Responding to marking criteria and feedback

Some final words from the author

Appendix 3 – Useful phrases

Linkers

Contrasting ideas

Talking about results

Talking about causes

Referring back to a previous point

Giving definitions

Using definitions

Indicating the importance of the topic

Intensifying adjectives

Introducing the aim and the organization of the essay

The language of conclusions

Counter-argumentation

Claims the author makes

The use of ‘I’ and ‘we’ to indicate the writer’s stance

Quoting

Paraphrasing

Reporting verbs

Glossary

Answer key

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Acknowledgements

About the Author