Numbers: B2+ (Collins Academic Skills)电子书

Contents

Introduction

Chapter structure

Glossary boxes

Using Numbers

Study tips

Other titles

1 Getting Started

Numbers in everyday life

Money

Measurements

What is statistics?

Some terminology

Using spreadsheets

Using graphics

Referring to graphics in writing

Language: relative clauses

Remember

2 Starting Primary Research

Formulating research questions

Being specific

Sampling

Avoiding bias

Formulating a hypothesis

Remember

3 Research Methods

Choosing your research method

Questionnaires

Key considerations

Focus groups

Key considerations

Advantages

Disadvantages

Interviews

Key considerations

Advantages

Disadvantages

Experiments

Key considerations

Advantages

Disadvantages

Further methods to consider

Observation

Analysis of written or spoken language

Secondary analysis of data

Action research

Case studies

Remember

4 Questionnaires

Writing a questionnaire

Common mistakes

Forming polite questions

Selecting your sample

Random sampling

Opportunity sampling

Quota sampling

Cluster sampling

Distribution methods

Online distribution

Non-response

Pilot studies

Remember

5 Interviews

Good interview questions

Structuring questions

Yes/no questions

Wh-questions

Subject/object questions

Prepositions in wh- questions

The interviewer effect

Reported speech

Remember

6 Percentages and Fractions

Working with percentages

What is a percentage?

Calculating the percentage of a quantity

Percentage changes

Using fractions

What is a fraction?

Improper and mixed fractions

Equivalent fractions

Calculating a fraction of a quantity

Comparing percentages and fractions

Verbs and nouns and dependent prepositions

Remember

7 Averages

Why use averages?

Different types of averages

Mode

Mean

Median

Using frequency tables to find averages

Choosing the right average to use

Remember

8 Presenting Your Data

Using graphics

Pie charts

Example of a pie chart

Present simple

Bar charts

Example of a bar chart

Past simple

Line graphs

Example of a line graph

Past simple versus present perfect

Tables

Example of a table

Two-way tables

Example of a two-way table

Active or passive?

Pictograms

Example of a pictogram

Scatter diagrams

Example of a scatter diagram

Remember

9 Describing Change

Representing change visually

Verbs of change

Adverbs to describe change

Adjective and noun combinations

Remember

10 Making Comparisons

Using graphics to compare information

Using comparative structures

Comparative adjectives and adverbs

Prepositional structures

Linking expressions

Using superlative structures and cautious language

Hedging verbs

Modal verbs

Qualifying expressions

Adverbs and adjectives

Remember

11 Making Connections

Correlation

Understanding the effect of sample size

Expressing links and connections

Describing facts and data

Remember

12 Working With Collected Data

Presenting survey results

Graphical representation

Summary statistics

Misleading results

The language of cause and effect

Conjunctions

Verbs and nouns

Generalizations and specifics

A study of motivation

Presenting arguments

Stance

Evaluative language

Reaching conclusions

Remember

Further reading

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapters 6, 7 and 8

Chapters 9–12

The grammar of fractions

Agreement of fractions

Fractions as pronouns

Glossary

Answer key

Chapter 1

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12

Exercise 13

Exercise 14

Exercise 15

Exercise 16

Chapter 2

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Chapter 3

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Chapter 4

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Chapter 5

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Chapter 6

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12

Exercise 13

Exercise 14

Exercise 15

Exercise 16

Exercise 17

Exercise 18

Exercise 19

Exercise 20

Chapter 7

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Chapter 8

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12

Chapter 9

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Chapter 10

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12

Chapter 11

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Chapter 12

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

About the Author

Acknowledgements

About the author

Acknowledgements