History of the Wars and Conquests of Alexander the Great电子书

THE ANABASIS OF ALEXANDER OR THE HISTORY OF THE WARS AND CONQUESTS OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT BY ARRIAN

PREFACE.

LIFE AND WRITINGS OF ARRIAN.

BOOK I.

CHAPTER I. DEATH OF PHILIP AND ACCESSION OF ALEXANDER.—HIS WARS WITH THE THRACIANS.

CHAPTER II. BATTLE WITH THE TRIBALLIANS.

CHAPTER III. ALEXANDER AT THE DANUBE AND IN THE COUNTRY OF THE GETAE.

CHAPTER IV. ALEXANDER DESTROYS THE CITY OF THE GETAE.—THE AMBASSADORS OF THE CELTS.

CHAPTER V. REVOLT OF CLITUS AND GLAUCIAS.

CHAPTER VI. DEFEAT OF CLITUS AND GLAUCIAS.

CHAPTER VII. REVOLT OF THEBES (September, B.C. 335).

CHAPTER VIII. FALL OF THEBES.

CHAPTER IX. DESTRUCTION OF THEBES.

CHAPTER X. ALEXANDER’S DEALINGS WITH ATHENS.

CHAPTER XI. ALEXANDER CROSSES THE HELLESPONT AND VISITS TROY.

CHAPTER XII. ALEXANDER AT THE TOMB OF ACHILLES.—MEMNON’S ADVICE REJECTED BY THE PERSIAN GENERALS.

CHAPTER XIII. BATTLE OF THE GRANICUS (B.C. 334).

CHAPTER XIV. ARRANGEMENT OF THE HOSTILE ARMIES.

CHAPTER XV. DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE OF THE GRANICUS.

CHAPTER XVI. DEFEAT OF THE PERSIANS.—LOSS ON BOTH SIDES.

CHAPTER XVII. ALEXANDER IN SARDIS AND EPHESUS.

CHAPTER XVIII. ALEXANDER MARCHES TO MILETUS AND OCCUPIES THE ISLAND OF LADE.

CHAPTER XIX. SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF MILETUS.

CHAPTER XX. SIEGE OF HALICARNASSUS.—ABORTIVE ATTACK ON MYNDUS.

CHAPTER XXI. SIEGE OF HALICARNASSUS.

CHAPTER XXII. SIEGE OF HALICARNASSUS.

CHAPTER XXIII. DESTRUCTION OF HALICARNASSUS.—ADA, QUEEN OF CARIA.

CHAPTER XXIV. ALEXANDER IN LYCIA AND PAMPHYLIA.

CHAPTER XXV. TREASON OF ALEXANDER, SON OF AËROPUS.

CHAPTER XXVI. ALEXANDER IN PAMPHYLIA.—CAPTURE OF ASPENDUS AND SIDE.

CHAPTER XXVII. ALEXANDER IN PHRYGIA AND PISIDIA.

CHAPTER XXVIII. OPERATIONS IN PISIDIA.

CHAPTER XXIX. ALEXANDER IN PHRYGIA.

BOOK II.

CHAPTER I. CAPTURE OF MITYLENE BY THE PERSIANS.—DEATH OF MEMNON.

CHAPTER II. THE PERSIANS CAPTURE TENEDUS.—THEY ARE DEFEATED AT SEA.

CHAPTER III. ALEXANDER AT GORDIUM.

CHAPTER IV. CONQUEST OF CAPPADOCIA.—ALEXANDER’S ILLNESS AT TARSUS.

CHAPTER V. ALEXANDER AT THE TOMB OF SARDANAPALUS.—PROCEEDINGS IN CILICIA.

CHAPTER VI. ALEXANDER ADVANCES TO MYRIANDRUS.—DARIUS MARCHES AGAINST HIM.

CHAPTER VII. DARIUS AT ISSUS.—ALEXANDER’S SPEECH TO HIS ARMY.

CHAPTER VIII. ARRANGEMENT OF THE HOSTILE ARMIES.

CHAPTER IX. ALEXANDER CHANGES THE DISPOSITION OF HIS FORCES.

CHAPTER X. BATTLE OF ISSUS.

CHAPTER XI. DEFEAT AND FLIGHT OF DARIUS.

CHAPTER XII. KIND TREATMENT OF DARIUS’S FAMILY.

CHAPTER XIII. FLIGHT OF MACEDONIAN DESERTERS INTO EGYPT.—PROCEEDINGS OF AGIS, KING OF SPARTA.—ALEXANDER OCCUPIES PHOENICIA.

CHAPTER XIV. DARIUS’S LETTER, AND ALEXANDER’S REPLY.

CHAPTER XV. ALEXANDER’S TREATMENT OF THE CAPTURED GREEK AMBASSADORS.—SUBMISSION OF BYBLUS AND SIDON.

CHAPTER XVI. THE WORSHIP OF HERCULES IN TYRE.—THE TYRIANS REFUSE TO ADMIT ALEXANDER.

CHAPTER XVII. SPEECH OF ALEXANDER TO HIS OFFICERS.

CHAPTER XVIII. SIEGE OF TYRE.—CONSTRUCTION OF A MOLE FROM THE MAINLAND TO THE ISLAND.

CHAPTER XIX. THE SIEGE OF TYRE.

CHAPTER XX. TYRE BESIEGED BY SEA AS WELL AS LAND.

CHAPTER XXI. SIEGE OF TYRE.

CHAPTER XXII. SIEGE OF TYRE.—NAVAL DEFEAT OF THE TYRIANS.

CHAPTER XXIII. SIEGE OF TYRE.

CHAPTER XXIV. CAPTURE OF TYRE.

CHAPTER XXV. THE OFFERS OF DARIUS REJECTED.—BATIS, GOVERNOR OF GAZA, REFUSES TO SUBMIT.

CHAPTER XXVI. SIEGE OF GAZA.

CHAPTER XXVII. CAPTURE OF GAZA.

BOOK III.

CHAPTER I. CONQUEST OF EGYPT.—FOUNDATION OF ALEXANDRIA.

CHAPTER II. FOUNDATION OF ALEXANDRIA.—EVENTS IN THE AEGEAN.

CHAPTER III. ALEXANDER VISITS THE TEMPLE OF AMMON.

CHAPTER IV. THE OASIS OF AMMON.

CHAPTER V. SETTLEMENT OF THE AFFAIRS OF EGYPT.

CHAPTER VI. MARCH INTO SYRIA.—ALEXANDER’S KINDNESS TO HARPALUS AND HIS OTHER EARLY ADHERENTS.

CHAPTER VII. PASSAGE OF THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS.

CHAPTER VIII. DESCRIPTION OF DARIUS’S ARMY AT ARBELA.

CHAPTER IX. ALEXANDER’S TACTICS.—HIS SPEECH TO THE OFFICERS.

CHAPTER X. REJECTION OF PARMENIO’S ADVICE.

CHAPTER XI. TACTICS OF THE OPPOSING GENERALS.

CHAPTER XII. ALEXANDER’S TACTICS.

CHAPTER XIII. THE BATTLE OF ARBELA.

CHAPTER XIV. BATTLE OF ARBELA.—FLIGHT OF DARIUS.

CHAPTER XV. DEFEAT OF THE PERSIANS AND PURSUIT OF DARIUS.

CHAPTER XVI. ESCAPE OF DARIUS INTO MEDIA.—MARCH OF ALEXANDER TO BABYLON AND SUSA.

CHAPTER XVII. SUBJUGATION OF THE UXIANS.

CHAPTER XVIII. DEFEAT OF ARIOBARZANES AND CAPTURE OF PERSEPOLIS.

CHAPTER XIX. DARIUS PURSUED INTO MEDIA AND PARTHIA.

CHAPTER XX. MARCH THROUGH THE CASPIAN GATES.

CHAPTER XXI. DARIUS IS ASSASSINATED BY BESSUS.

CHAPTER XXII. REFLECTIONS ON THE FATE OF DARIUS.

CHAPTER XXIII. EXPEDITION INTO HYRCANIA.

CHAPTER XXIV. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE MARDIANS.

CHAPTER XXV. MARCH TO BACTRA.—BESSUS AIDED BY SATIBARZANES.

CHAPTER XXVI. PHILOTAS AND PARMENIO PUT TO DEATH.

CHAPTER XXVII. TREATMENT OF AMYNTAS.—THE ARIASPIANS.

CHAPTER XXVIII. ALEXANDER CROSSES THE HINDU-KOOSH.

CHAPTER XXIX. CONQUEST OF BACTRIA, AND PURSUIT OF BESSUS ACROSS THE OXUS.

BOOK IV.

CHAPTER I. REBELLION OF THE SOGDIANIANS.

CHAPTER II. CAPTURE OF FIVE CITIES IN TWO DAYS.

CHAPTER III. STORMING OF CYROPOLIS.—REVOLT OF THE SCYTHIANS.

CHAPTER IV. DEFEAT OF THE SCYTHIANS BEYOND THE TANAIS.

CHAPTER V. SPITAMENES DESTROYS A MACEDONIAN DETACHMENT.

CHAPTER VI. SPITAMENES DRIVEN INTO THE DESERT.

CHAPTER VII. TREATMENT OF BESSUS.

CHAPTER VIII. THE MURDER OF CLITUS.

CHAPTER IX. ALEXANDER’S GRIEF FOR CLITUS.

CHAPTER X. DISPUTE BETWEEN CALLISTHENES AND ANAXARCHUS.

CHAPTER XI. CALLISTHENES OPPOSES THE PROPOSAL TO HONOUR ALEXANDER BY PROSTRATION.

CHAPTER XII. CALLISTHENES REFUSES TO PROSTRATE HIMSELF.

CHAPTER XIII. CONSPIRACY OF THE PAGES.

CHAPTER XIV. EXECUTION OF CALLISTHENES AND HERMOLAUS.

CHAPTER XV. ALLIANCE WITH THE SCYTHIANS AND CHORASMIANS.

CHAPTER XVI. SUBJUGATION OF SOGDIANA.—REVOLT OF SPITAMENES.

CHAPTER XVII. DEFEAT AND DEATH OF SPITAMENES.

CHAPTER XVIII. OXYARTES BESIEGED IN THE SOGDIAN ROCK.

CHAPTER XIX. ALEXANDER CAPTURES THE ROCK AND MARRIES ROXANA.

CHAPTER XX. MAGNANIMOUS TREATMENT OF THE FAMILY OF DARIUS.

CHAPTER XXI. CAPTURE OF THE ROCK OF CHORIENES.

CHAPTER XXII. ALEXANDER REACHES THE RIVER CABUL, AND RECEIVES THE HOMAGE OF TAXILES.

CHAPTER XXIII. BATTLES WITH THE ASPASIANS.

CHAPTER XXIV. OPERATIONS AGAINST THE ASPASIANS.

CHAPTER XXV. DEFEAT OF THE ASPASIANS.—THE ASSACENIANS AND GURAEANS ATTACKED.

CHAPTER XXVI. SIEGE OF MASSAGA.

CHAPTER XXVII. SIEGES OF MASSAGA AND ORA.

CHAPTER XXVIII. CAPTURE OF BAZIRA.—ADVANCE TO THE ROCK OF AORNUS.

CHAPTER XXIX. SIEGE OF AORNUS.

CHAPTER XXX. CAPTURE OF AORNUS.—ARRIVAL AT THE INDUS.

BOOK V.

CHAPTER I. ALEXANDER AT NYSA.

CHAPTER II. ALEXANDER AT NYSA.

CHAPTER III. INCREDULITY OF ERATOSTHENES.—PASSAGE OF THE INDUS.

CHAPTER IV. DIGRESSION ABOUT INDIA.

CHAPTER V. MOUNTAINS AND RIVERS OF ASIA.

CHAPTER VI. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INDIA.

CHAPTER VII. METHOD OF BRIDGING RIVERS.

CHAPTER VIII. MARCH FROM THE INDUS TO THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER IX. PORUS OBSTRUCTS ALEXANDER’S PASSAGE.

CHAPTER X. ALEXANDER AND PORUS AT THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER XI. ALEXANDER’S STRATAGEM TO GET ACROSS.

CHAPTER XII. PASSAGE OF THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER XIII. PASSAGE OF THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER XIV. THE BATTLE AT THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER XV. ARRANGEMENTS OF PORUS.

CHAPTER XVI. ALEXANDER’S TACTICS.

CHAPTER XVII. DEFEAT OF PORUS.

CHAPTER XVIII. LOSSES OF THE COMBATANTS.—PORUS SURRENDERS.

CHAPTER XIX. ALLIANCE WITH PORUS.—DEATH OF BUCEPHALAS.

CHAPTER XX. CONQUEST OF THE GLAUSIANS.—EMBASSY FROM ABISARES.—PASSAGE OF THE ACESINES.

CHAPTER XXI. ADVANCE BEYOND THE HYDRAOTES.

CHAPTER XXII. INVASION OF THE LAND OF THE CATHAEANS.

CHAPTER XXIII. ASSAULT UPON SANGALA.

CHAPTER XXIV. CAPTURE OF SANGALA.

CHAPTER XXV. THE ARMY REFUSES TO ADVANCE.—ALEXANDER’S SPEECH TO THE OFFICERS.

CHAPTER XXVI. ALEXANDER’S SPEECH (continued).

CHAPTER XXVII. THE ANSWER OF COENUS.

CHAPTER XXVIII. ALEXANDER RESOLVES TO RETURN.

CHAPTER XXIX. ALEXANDER RECROSSES THE HYDRAOTES AND ACESINES.

BOOK VI.

CHAPTER I. PREPARATIONS FOR A VOYAGE DOWN THE INDUS.

CHAPTER II. VOYAGE DOWN THE HYDASPES.

CHAPTER III. VOYAGE DOWN THE HYDASPES (continued).

CHAPTER IV. VOYAGE DOWN THE HYDASPES INTO THE ACESINES.

CHAPTER V. VOYAGE DOWN THE ACESINES.

CHAPTER VI. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE MALLIANS.

CHAPTER VII. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE MALLIANS (continued).

CHAPTER VIII. DEFEAT OF THE MALLIANS AT THE RIVER HYDRAOTES.

CHAPTER IX. STORMING OF THE MALLIAN STRONGHOLD.

CHAPTER X. ALEXANDER DANGEROUSLY WOUNDED.

CHAPTER XI. ALEXANDER WOUNDED.

CHAPTER XII. ANXIETY OF THE SOLDIERS ABOUT ALEXANDER.

CHAPTER XIII. JOY OF THE SOLDIERS AT ALEXANDER’S RECOVERY.

CHAPTER XIV. VOYAGE DOWN THE HYDRAOTES AND ACESINES INTO THE INDUS.

CHAPTER XV. VOYAGE DOWN THE INDUS TO THE LAND OF MUSICANUS.

CHAPTER XVI. CAMPAIGN AGAINST OXYCANUS AND SAMBUS.

CHAPTER XVII. MUSICANUS EXECUTED.—CAPTURE OF PATALA.

CHAPTER XVIII. VOYAGE DOWN THE INDUS.

CHAPTER XIX. VOYAGE DOWN THE INDUS INTO THE SEA.

CHAPTER XX. EXPLORATION OF THE MOUTHS OF THE INDUS.

CHAPTER XXI. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE ORITIANS.

CHAPTER XXII. MARCH THROUGH THE DESERT OF GADROSIA.

CHAPTER XXIII. MARCH THROUGH THE DESERT OF GADROSIA.

CHAPTER XXIV. MARCH THROUGH GADROSIA.

CHAPTER XXV. SUFFERINGS OF THE ARMY.

CHAPTER XXVI. ALEXANDER’S MAGNANIMOUS CONDUCT.

CHAPTER XXVII. MARCH THROUGH CARMANIA.—PUNISHMENT OF VICEROYS.

CHAPTER XXVIII. ALEXANDER IN CARMANIA.

CHAPTER XXIX. ALEXANDER IN PERSIS.—TOMB OF CYRUS REPAIRED.

CHAPTER XXX. PEUCESTAS APPOINTED VICEROY OF PERSIS.

BOOK VII.

CHAPTER I. ALEXANDER’S PLANS.—THE INDIAN PHILOSOPHERS.

CHAPTER II. ALEXANDER’S DEALINGS WITH THE INDIAN SAGES.

CHAPTER III. SELF-SACRIFICE OF THE INDIAN CALANUS.

CHAPTER IV. MARRIAGES BETWEEN MACEDONIANS AND PERSIANS.

CHAPTER V. THE SOLDIERS REWARDED.

CHAPTER VI. AN ARMY OF ASIATICS TRAINED UNDER THE MACEDONIAN DISCIPLINE.

CHAPTER VII. NAVIGATION OF THE TIGRES.

CHAPTER VIII. THE MACEDONIANS OFFENDED AT ALEXANDER.

CHAPTER IX. ALEXANDER’S SPEECH.

CHAPTER X. ALEXANDER’S SPEECH (continued).

CHAPTER XI. RECONCILIATION BETWEEN ALEXANDER AND HIS ARMY.

CHAPTER XII. TEN THOUSAND MACEDONIANS SENT HOME WITH CRATERUS.—DISPUTES BETWEEN ANTIPATER AND OLYMPIAS.

CHAPTER XIII. THE NISAEAN PLAIN.—THE AMAZONS.

CHAPTER XIV. DEATH OF HEPHAESTION.

CHAPTER XV. SUBJUGATION OF THE COSSAEANS.—EMBASSIES FROM DISTANT NATIONS.

CHAPTER XVI. EXPLORATION OF THE CASPIAN.—THE CHALDAEAN SOOTHSAYERS.

CHAPTER XVII. THE ADVICE OF THE CHALDEES REJECTED.

CHAPTER XVIII. PREDICTIONS OF ALEXANDER’S DEATH.

CHAPTER XIX. EMBASSIES FROM GREECE.—FLEET PREPARED FOR INVADING ARABIA.

CHAPTER XX. DESCRIPTION OF ARABIA.—VOYAGE OF NEARCHUS.

CHAPTER XXI. DESCRIPTION OF THE EUPHRATES AND THE PALLACOPAS.

CHAPTER XXII. AN OMEN OF ALEXANDER’S APPROACHING DEATH.

CHAPTER XXIII. THE ARMY RECRUITED FROM THE PERSIANS.—HEPHAESTION’S MEMORY HONOURED.

CHAPTER XXIV. ANOTHER OMEN OF ALEXANDER’S DEATH.

CHAPTER XXV. ALEXANDER SEIZED WITH FEVER.

CHAPTER XXVI. ALEXANDER’S DEATH.

CHAPTER XXVII. RUMOUR THAT ALEXANDER WAS POISONED.

CHAPTER XXVIII. CHARACTER OF ALEXANDER.

CHAPTER XXIX. APOLOGY FOR ALEXANDER’S ERRORS.

CHAPTER XXX. EULOGY OF ALEXANDER.

FOOTNOTES: