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A Treatise of Human Nature: Illustrated电子书

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作       者:David Hume

出  版  社:eKitap Projesi

出版时间:2015-04-02

字       数:457.5万

所属分类: 进口书 > 外文原版书 > 小说

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THROWING HERSELF IN HER GRANDFATHER'S ARMS, SHE HELD HIM TIGHT She climbed so fast that she could soon discover, first the tree-tops, then the roof, finally the hut. Now she could see her grandfather sitting on his bench, smoking a pipe. Above the cottage the fir-trees gently swayed and rustled in the evening breeze. At last she had reached the hut, and throwing herself in her grandfather's arms, she hugged him and held him tight. She could say nothing but "Grandfather! grandfather! grandfather!" in her agitation. The old man said nothing either, but his eyes were moist, and loosening Heidi's arms at last, he sat her on his knee. When he had looked at her a while, he said: "So you have come home again, Heidi? Why? You certainly do not look very cityfied! Did they send you away?" "Oh no, you must not think that, grandfather. They all were so good to me; Clara, Mr. Sesemann and grandmama. But grandfather, sometimes I felt as if I could not bear it any longer to be away from you! I thought I should choke; I could not tell any one, for that would have been ungrateful. Suddenly, one morning Mr. Sesemann called me very early, I think it was the doctor's fault and—but I think it is probably written in this letter;" with that Heidi brought the letter and the bank-roll from her basket, putting them on her grandfather's lap. "This belongs to you," he said, laying the roll beside him. Having read the letter, he put it in his pocket. "Do you think you can still drink milk with me, Heidi?" he asked, while he stepped into the cottage. "Take your money with you, you can buy a bed for it and clothes for many years." ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? *** Unassuming in plot and style, "Heidi" may none the less lay claim to rank as a world classic. In the first place, both background and characters ring true. The air of the Alps is wafted to us in every page; the house among the pines, the meadows, and the eagle poised above the naked rocks form a picture that no one could willingly forget. And the people, from the kindly towns-folk to the quaint and touching peasant types, are as real as any representation of human nature need be. Every goat even, has its personality. As for the little heroine, she is a blessing not only to everyone in the story, but to everyone who reads it. The narrative merits of the book are too apparent to call for comment.As to the author, Johanna Spyri, she has so entirely lost herself in her creation that we may pass over her career rather rapidly. She was born in Switzerland in 1829, came of a literary family, and devoted all her talent to the writing of books for and about children.Since "Heidi" has been so often translated into English it may well be asked why there is any need for a new version. The answer lies partly in the conventional character of the previous translations. Now, if there is any quality in "Heidi" that gives it a particular charm, that quality is freshness, absolute spontaneity. To be sure, the story is so attractive that it could never be wholly spoiled; but has not the reader the right to enjoy it in English at least very nearly as much as he could in German? The two languages are so different in nature that anything like a literal rendering of one into the other is sure to result in indirectness. Such a book must be not translated, but re-lived and re-created.To perform such a feat the writer must, to begin with, be familiar with the mountains, and able to appreciate with WordsworthThe silence that is in the starry sky, The sleep that is among the lonely hills. The translator of the present version was born and reared in a region closely similar to that of the story. Her home was originally in the picturesque town of Salzburg, and her father, Franz von Pausinger, was one of the greatest landscape painters of his country and generation. Another equally important requisite is knowledge of children. It happens that this translator has a daughter just the age of the heroine, who moreover loves to dress in Tyrolese costume. To translate "Heidi" was for her therefore a labor of love, which means that the love contended with and overcame the labor.
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A Treatise of Human Nature {Illustrated}

Table of Contents

About the Author

Introduction

Book I. Of the Understanding

Part I. Of Ideas, Their Origin, Composition, Connexion, Abstraction, Etc.

Sect. I. Of the Origin of Our Ideas

Sect. II. Division of the Subject

Sect. III. Of the Ideas of the Memory And Imagination

Sect. IV. Of the Connexion Or Association of Ideas

Sect. V. Of Relations

Sect. VI. Of Modes And Substances

Sect. VII. Of Abstract Ideas

Part II. Of the Ideas of Space And Time

Sect. I. Of the Infinite Divisibility of Our Ideas of Space And Time

Sect. II. Of the Infinite Divisibility of Space And Time

Sect. III. Of the Other Qualities of Our Idea of Space And Time

Sect. IV. Objections Answered

Sect. V. The Same Subject Continued

Sect. VI. Of the Idea of Existence, And of External Existence

Part III. Of Knowledge And Probability

Sect. I. Of Knowledge

Sect. II. Of Probability, And of the Idea of Cause And Effect

Sect. III. Why a Cause Is Always Necessary

Sect. IV. Of the Component Parts of Our Reasonings Concerning Cause And Effect

Sect. V. Of the Impressions of the Senses And Memory

Sect. VI. Of the Inference From the Impression to the Idea

Sect. VII. Of the Nature of the Idea Or Belief

Sect. VIII. Of the Causes of Belief

Sect. IX. Of the Effects of Other Relations And Other Habits

Sect. X. Of the Influence of Belief

Sect. XI. Of the Probability of Chances

Sect. XII. Of the Probability of Causes

Sect. XIII. Of Unphilosophical Probability

Sect. XIV. Of the Idea of Necessary Connexion

Sect. XV. Rules By Which to Judge of Causes And Effects

Sect. XVI Of the Reason of Animals

Part IV. Of the Sceptical And Other Systems of Philosophy

Sect I. Of Scepticism With Regard to Reason

Sect. II. Of Scepticism With Regard to the Senses

Sect. III. Of the Antient Philosophy

Sect. IV. Of the Modern Philosophy

Sect. V. Of the Immateriality of the Soul

Sect. VI. Of Personal Identity

Sect. VII. Conclusion of This Book

Book II Of the Passions

Part I Of Pride And Humility

Sect. I Division of the Subject

Sect. II Of Pride And Humility, Their Objects And Causes

Sect. III Whence These Objects And Causes Are Derived

Sect. IV Of the Relations of Impressions And Ideas

Sect. V Of the Influence of These Relations On Pride And Humility

Sect. VI Limitations of This Systems

Sect. VII Of Vice And Virtue

Sect. VIII Of Beauty And Deformity

Sect. IX Of External Advantages And Disadvantages

Sect. X Of Property And Riches

Sect. XI Of the Love of Fame

Sect. XII Of the Pride And Humility of Animals

Part II Of Love And Hatred

Sect. I Of the Object And Causes of Love And Hatred

Sect. II Experiments to Confirm This System

Sect. III Difficulties Solved

Sect. IV Of the Love of Relations

Sect. V Of Our Esteem For the Rich And Powerful

Sect. VI Of Benevolence And Anger

Sect. VII Of Compassion

Sect. VIII Of Malice And Envy

Sect. IX Of the Mixture of Benevolence And Anger With Compassion And Malice

Sect. X Of Respect And Contempt

Sect. XI Of the Amorous Passion, Or Love Betwixt the Sexes

Sect. XII Of the Love And Hatred of Animals

Part III Of the Will And Direct Passions

Sect. I Of Liberty And Necessity

Sect. II The Same Subject Continued

Sect. III Of the Influencing Motives of the Will

Sect. IV Of the Causes of the Violent Passions

Sect. V Of the Effects of Custom

Sect. VI Of the Influence of the Imagination On the Passions

Sect. VII Of Contiguity And Distance In Space And Time

Sect. VIII The Same Subject Continued

Sect. IX Of the Direct Passions

Sect. X Of Curiosity, Or the Love of Truth

Book III of Morals

Part I Of Virtue And Vice In General

Sect. I Moral Distinctions Not Derived From Reason

Sect. II Moral Distinctions Derived From a Moral Sense

Part II of Justice And Injustice

Sect. I Justice, Whether a Natural Or Artificial Virtue?

Sect. II Of the Origin of Justice And Property

Sect. III Of the Rules Which Determine Property

Sect. IV Of the Transference of Property By Consent

Sect. V Of the Obligation of Promises

Sect. VI Some Farther Reflections Concerning Justice And Injustice

Sect. VII Of the Origin of Government

Sect. VIII Of the Source of Allegiance

Sect. IX Of the Measure of Allegiance

Sect. X Of the Objects of Allegiance

Sect. XI Of the Laws of Nations

Sect. XII Of Chastity And Modesty

Part III Of the Other Virtues And Vices

Sect. I Of the Origin of the Natural Virtues And Vices

Sect. II Of Greatness of Mind

Sect. III Of Goodness And Benevolence

Sect. IV Of Natural Abilities

Sect. V Some Farther Reflections Concerning the Natural Virtues

Sect. VI Conclusion of This Book

Appendix

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