外教社博学文库:汉语系词构式的形式和功能电子书

博学文库编委会成员

出版说明

ABBREVIATIONS

DATABASES AND ELECTRONIC CORPORA

前言

Chapter 1Introduction

1.1 The construction shì in Modern Chinese

1.1.1 “Right, okay, or fine”

1.1.2 Demonstrative pronoun

1.1.3 Existential

1.1.4 Copulative linking

1.1.5 “Focus marker”

1.1.6 Bound morpheme

1.1.7 Some questions about shì

1.2 An overview of the literature on shì

1.2.1 The grammatical category of shì

1.2.2 The origin of the copula shì

1.2.3 The previous research on Chinese cleft sentences

1.2.4 The development of the Chinese cleft

1.3 Data and methodology

1.4 An outline of the structure of the thesis

Chapter 2Construction Grammar and Constructionalization

2.1 Construction Grammar

2.1.1 Construction grammar as opposed to modular models

2.1.2 Three major constructional approaches

2.1.3 Some relevant concepts of Construction Grammar

2.1.3.1 Taxonomy and inheritance

2.1.3.2 Coercion

2.1.3.3 Usage-based model

2.2 Constructionalization

2.2.1 Two approaches to grammaticalization

2.2.2 Motivation: analogy and ‘invited inference’

2.2.2.1 Analogy

2.2.2.2 Invited inferencing

2.2.3 Mechanisms: reanalysis, analogization and subjectification

2.2.3.1 Reanalysis

2.2.3.2 Analogization

2.2.4 Constructional taxonomies

2.2.5 Constructionalization dimensions

2.2.6 Constructionalization and constructional changes

2.3 Summary

Chapter 3A Copula Analysis of Shì in the Chinese Cleft Construction

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The syntactic concept of “copula”

3.3 The semantics of copula

3.4 The constructional framework

3.5 The concept of cleft

3.5.1 The cleft construction

3.5.2 An adverb analysis of shì in the so-called shì cleft sentence

3.5.3 My analysis of Chinese cleft sentences

3.6 Conclusion

Chapter 4The Constructionalization of Shì in Chinese: from a Demonstrative Pronoun to a Copula

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Previous research on shì

4.3 The development of shì

4.3.1 A syntactic analysis of the classical copula sentence (CCS) in Old Chinese

4.3.2 The constructionalization of the copula

4.3.2.1 The semantic relatedness between the demonstrative pronoun and the copula

4.3.2.2 The enabling context

4.3.2.3 The mechanism of the constructionali-zation of shì: Analogi-zation and Reanalysis

4.3.3 Statistical evidence for constructionalization of shì and fur-ther expansion

4.3.3.1 The increase of adverbs preceding shì

4.3.3.2 The decrease of sentence final particles

4.3.3.3 The decrease of the complex topic

4.3.3.4 The increase of [NP COP NP]

4.3.3.5 The competition between shì and wéi

4.4 Typology and Conclusion

Chapter 5The Constructionalization of the Cleft Construction

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The emergence of the cleft construction

5.2.1 Shì: the copula in early Middle Chinese (200 CE-600 CE)

5.2.2 Nominalization [XP de]: in late Middle Chinese (700 CE-1000)

5.2.3 The emergence of the cleft construction

5.2.3.1 The emergence of [NP COP NOM] (NOM=XP de)

5.2.3.2 The emergence of the cleft construction

5.2.3.3 The emergence of the cleft-sbj

5.3 Constructionalization

5.3.1 Motivation: Analogy and pragmatic inferencing

5.3.2 Mechanism: Analogization and Reanalysis

5.3.3 Conventionalization: Frequency

5.3.4 Generality, productivity and compositionality

5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 6The Constructionalization of a Set of Connectives in Chinese

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Shì as the bound morpheme

6.3 The set of constructionalized connectives

6.3.1 Kěshì ‘but’

6.3.2 Háishì ‘or’

6.3.3 Jiùshì ‘even if’

6.3.4 Yàoshì ‘if’

6.4 Constructionalization dimensions

6.5 The motivations and mechanisms of the change

6.5.1 Motivations: invited inferencing and analogy thinking

6.5.2 Mechanisms: reanalysis, analogization and subjectification

6.5.2.1 Reanalysis

6.5.2.2 Analogization

6.5.2.3 Subjectification

6.5.3 Frequency

6.6 Conclusion

Chapter 7Conclusion

7.1 Summery of the thesis

7.2 Thoughts on future study

7.2.1 Relativization and nominalization

7.2.2 The development of contrastive focus

7.3 Summary

Bibliography