UML 2.0 in Action: A project-based tutorial电子书

UML 2.0 in Action

UML 2.0 in Action

Credits

About the Authors

Preface

About This Book

What This Book Covers

Conventions

Reader Feedback

Customer Support

Errata

Questions

1. Introduction

2. Basic Principles and Background

2.1 Introduction to the Case Study

2.2 Models, Views, and Diagrams

2.2.1 What is a Model?

2.2.2 Why do we Need Models?

2.2.3 Purpose and Target Group of a Model

Practical Tips

2.2.4 Process of Analysis

Practical Tips

2.2.5 Diagrams as Views

2.3 Information Systems and IT Systems

2.4 The Models of our Case Study

2.5 History of UML: Methods and Notations

2.6 Requirement Specification

2.6.1 Guidance for Decision Making

2.6.2 Verification

2.7 UML 2.0

2.7.1 Overview of UML 2.0

2.7.2 Effects on the Business System Model

2.7.3 Effects on the IT System Model

2.7.4 Effects on the Systems Integration Model

2.7.5 Conclusion

3. Modeling Business Systems

3.1 Business Processes and Business Systems

3.1.1 What is a Business Process?

3.1.2 Definition of the Workflow Management Coalition

3.1.3 Business Systems

3.1.4 Using UML to Model Business Processes and Business Systems

3.1.5 Practical Tips for Modeling Business Processes

3.2 One Model—Two Views

3.3 External View

3.3.1 What Benefit does a Business System Provide?

Business Use Cases

Actors

3.3.2 The Elements of a View

3.3.3 Use Case Diagrams

Reading Use Case Diagrams

3.3.4 Constructing Use Case Diagrams

Collecting Information Sources—How am I Supposed to Know That?

Identifying Potential Actors—Which Partners and Customers Use the Goods and Services of the Business System?

Identifying Potential Business Use Cases—Which Goods and Services can Actors Draw Upon?

Practical Tips

Connecting Business Use Cases—Who Can Make Use of What Goods and Services of the Business System?

Describing Actors—Who or What do the Actors Represent?

Searching for More Business Use Cases—What else Needs to be Done?

Editing Business Use Cases—What actually has to be Included in a Business Use Case?

Documenting Business Use Cases—What Happens in a Business Use Case?

Modeling Relationships between Business Use Cases—What Activities are Conducted Repeatedly?

Verifying the View—Is Everything Correct?

Practical Tips

3.3.5 Activity Diagrams

Reading Activity Diagrams

3.3.6 Constructing Activity Diagrams

Collect Information Sources—How am I Supposed to Know That?

Find Activities and Actions—What has to be Done When Actors Draw upon Offered Goods and Services?

Connect Actions—In Which Order are Actions Processed?

Refine Activities—Do any Other Activity Diagrams have to be Added?

Adopt Actors from Business Use Cases—Who is Responsible for Each Action?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

3.3.7 Sequence Diagrams

Reading Sequence Diagrams

3.3.8 Constructing Sequence Diagrams

Designate Actors and Business System—Who is Taking Part?

Designate Initiators—Who Starts Interactions?

Describe the Message Exchange between Actors and the Business System—Which Messages are being Exchanged?

Identify the Course of Interactions—What is the Order?

Insert Additional Information—What Else is Important?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

3.3.9 High-Level Sequence Diagrams

3.3.10 Sequence Diagrams for Scenarios of Business Use Cases

The Internal View

3.4.1 The Elements of the View

3.4.2 Package Diagram

Reading Package Diagrams

3.4.3 Constructing Package Diagrams

Develop an Initial Package Diagram of the Business System—Which Workers and Business Objects Make up the Business System?

Find Additional Organization Units—Who Else is There?

Assign Workers and Business Objects to the Organization Units—Who Belongs Where?

Find Additional Organization Units, Workers, or Business Objects—What Else is There?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

3.4.4 Class Diagram

Reading Class Diagrams

3.4.5 Constructing Class Diagrams

Find Classes—Which Classes Exist in the Class Diagram?

Create Associations Between Classes—Which Classes Deal with Each Other?

Substantiate Associations—What do these Relationships Mean?

Insert Generalizations—Can Business Objects be Grouped?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

3.4.6 Activity Diagram

Reading Activity Diagrams

3.4.7 Constructing Activity Diagrams

Collect Information Sources—How am I Supposed to Know That?

Find Activities and Actions—Which Activities Have to be Performed so that the Goods and Services Utilized by Actors can be Provided and Delivered?

Adopt Actors from Business Use Cases—Who is Responsible for Each Action?

Connect Actions—In Which Order are Actions Processed?

Refine Activities—Do any Other Activity Diagrams Have to be Added?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

4. Modeling IT Systems

4.1 External View

4.1.1 The User View or "I don’t care how it works, as long as it works."

4.1.2 The Elements of a View

4.1.3 Use Case Diagram

Reading Use Case Diagrams

4.1.4 Query Events and Mutation Events

4.1.5 Use Case Sequence Diagram

Reading Use Case Sequence Diagrams

4.1.6 Constructing the External View

Collect Information Sources—How Am I Supposed to Know That?

Identify Potential Actors—Who Works with the IT System?

Identify Potential Use Cases—What Can be Done With the IT System?

Connect Actors and Use Cases—Who Can Do What with the IT System?

Describe Actors—Who or What do the Actors Represent?

Search for More Use Cases—What Functionalities does the IT System have to Provide?

Edit Use Cases—What Actually Has to be Included in a Use Case?

Document Use Cases—What Happens in a Use Case?

Model Relationships between Use Cases—What can be Reused?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

4.2 Structural View

4.2.1 Objects and Classes

4.2.2 Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance

4.2.3 Static and Dynamic Business Rules

4.2.4 Elements of the View

4.2.5 Class Diagram

Reading Class Diagrams

4.2.6 Constructing Class Diagrams

Identify and Model Classes—Which Classes do We Need?

Identify and Model Associations—How Are the Classes Connected?

Define Attributes—What do We Want to Know about the Objects?

List Required Queries and Inputs—What does the IT System Need to Deliver and Accept?

Formulate Queries and Inputs—How Exactly Should the Display Look?

Conduct Information Analysis—Which Classes, Associations, and Attributes Do We Need?

Consolidate Class Diagrams—How Does Everything Fit Together?

Verify the Class Diagrams—Is Everything Correct?

4.3 The Behavioral View

4.3.1 The Life of an Object

4.3.2. The Elements of the View

4.3.3 Statechart Diagram

Reading Statechart Diagrams

4.3.4 Constructing Statechart Diagrams

Identify Mutation Events Relevant for the Object—What Affects the Object?

Group Relevant Events Chronologically—How Does a Normal Life Look?

Model States and Transitions—Which States are There?

Add Actions to the Statechart Diagram—What do Objects Do?

Verify Statechart Diagram—Is Everything Correct?

4.4 Interaction View

4.4.1 Seeing What Happens Inside the IT System

4.4.2 Elements of the View

4.4.3 Communication Diagram

Reading Communication Diagrams

4.4.4 Sequence Diagram

Reading Sequence Diagrams

4.4.5 Constructing Communication Diagrams

Draft Query Result—What do We Want?

Identify Involved Classes—Which Classes Do We Need?

Define Initial Object—Where Do We Start?

Design Event Path—Where Do We Go?

Amend Event Path—Exactly Which Objects do We Need?

Identify Necessary Attributes—What Exactly Do We Want to Know?

Verify the Communication Diagram—Is Everything Correct?

4.4.6 Constructing Sequence Diagrams

Identify Involved Classes—What is Affected by Mutation Events?

Determine Initial Object—Where does the Mutation Event go First?

Propagate Events—How is the Mutation Event Forwarded?

Specify Event Parameter—What do Objects have to Know?

Verify the Sequence Diagram—Is Everything Correct?

5. Modeling for System Integration

5.1 Terminology of System Integration

Interfaces

Messages

Enterprise Application Integration

Electronic Data Interchange

UN/EDIFACT

XML

5.2 Messages in UML

5.3 One Model—Two Views

5.4 Process View

5.4.1 The Business System Model as Foundation

5.4.2 Elements of the View

5.4.3 Activity Diagrams

Reading Activity Diagrams

5.4.4 Sequence Diagram

Reading Sequence Diagrams

5.4.5 Constructing Diagrams in the Process View

Determine Interfaces—Between Which IT Systems Should Communication Take Place?

Identify Involved Systems—Which IT Systems Exchange Information?

Identify Activities and Control Flow—What has to be Done and Who is Responsible for It?

Define Messages—Which Messages have to be Exchanged?

Define Rules—What Influences Actions?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

5.5 The Static View

5.5.1 Elements of the View

5.5.2 Class Diagram

Reading Class Diagrams

5.5.3 Constructing Class Diagrams

Collect Information Relevant for the Business Objects—What Do We Want to Read?

Construct Class Diagram—What is the Structure of the Business Object?

Adopt Classes and Attributes from the Class Diagram of the IT System—What is Present in the Class Diagram?

Derive Remaining Data Elements—From Where Do I Get the Rest?

Define Classes and Relationships of the Business Object—Which Class Relationships do We Need?

Verify the View—Is Everything Correct?

5.5.4 Transforming Data from the IT System to the Message "passenger list"

Transformation of Flight Data

Transformation of Passenger Data

5.5.5 Transformation of UML Messages into Various Standard Formats