Oracle Database 12c Backup and Recovery Survival Guide电子书

Oracle Database 12c Backup and Recovery Survival Guide

Table of Contents

Oracle Database 12c Backup and Recovery Survival Guide

Credits

About the Author

Acknowledgement

About the Author

Acknowledgement

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Understanding the Basics of Backup and Recovery

Purpose of backup and recovery

Testing backups

Protecting data

Media failure

Hardware failure

Human error

Application error

Types of backup

A physical backup

A logical backup

Backup strategies

Restore versus recovery

What is redo?

Redo generation and recoverability

The NOARCHIVELOG mode

The ARCHIVELOG mode

Understanding the ARCHIVELOG mode

Preparing for the ARCHIVELOG mode

Checking the status of the ARCHIVELOG mode

Specifying parameters

Viewing the status of archival destinations

Placing a database into the ARCHIVELOG mode

Differences between redo and undo

Facing excessive redo generation during an online backup?

Summary

2. NOLOGGING Operations

LOGGING versus NOLOGGING

Disabling redo generation (NOLOGGING)

NOLOGGING operations

Indexed organized tables – an exception

Reducing redo generation

Tips when LOGGING is in effect (not using NOLOGGING)

Backups

Bulk inserts

Bulk deletes

Bulk updates

Partitioning

Tips for developers

Tips when NOLOGGING is in effect

Partitioning

Direct path inserts

Bulk inserts

Bulk deletes

Bulk updates

Backups and NOLOGGING

Redo-related wait events

The 'log file parallel write' event

The 'log file sync' event

The 'redo log space request' event

The 'log buffer space' event

Block corruption due to NOLOGGING

Repairing NOLOGGING changes on physical and logical standby databases

Finding sessions that generate lots of redo

Some other important facts

Redo and undo for DML

Redo and temporary tables

Redo generation and materialized views

Flashback and NOLOGGING

Performance and recovery considerations

Direct path load using SQL*Loader

Some useful scripts

Redo generated since instance startup

Redo generated since session startup

Redo generated by current user sessions

Current status for redo logs

Redo log group and log switch information

NOLOGGING objects in the database

Summary

3. What is New in 12c

Pluggable database

RMAN new features and enhancements

Container and pluggable database backup and restore

Enterprise Manager Database Express

Backup privileges

SQL and DESCRIBE

Multi-section backups for incremental backups

Network-based recovery

Active Duplicate

Support for the third-party snapshot

Cross-platform data transport

Table recovery

Data Pump's new features and enhancements

Disabling LOGGING on Data Pump Import

Full transportable Export/Import

Exporting views as tables

Extended character data types

Encryption password

Compressing tables on Import

Exporting data from the data vault

Creating SecureFile LOBs on Import

Auditing Data Pump commands

Summary

4. User-managed Backup and Recovery

Cold backup

Offline backup

Hot backups

Hot backup of a whole database

Hot backup of tablespaces

Hot backup of a container database

Whole container database

Root only or individual pluggable database

Check datafile status

Control file backup

Binary backup

Text file backup

Flashback database

Recovering from a user-managed backup

Other recovery scenarios

Losing all copies of the current control file

Losing one copy of a multiplexed control file

Loss of archived redo logs or online redo logs

Loss of SPFILE

Summary

5. Understanding RMAN and Simple Backups

Why RMAN?

Getting started with RMAN

RMAN architecture

Target database

Target Control File

RMAN channels

Auxiliary database

Recovery Catalog

RMAN client

Oracle Enterprise Manager (EM) Cloud Control 12c

Media Management Library (MML)

Oracle secure backup

Memory requirements for RMAN

Configuring ARCHIVELOG mode and FRA

Introducing RMAN backup formats

Backup sets

Image copy

Full backup

Incremental backups

Differential incremental backup

Cumulative incremental backup

Power of one

Getting introduced to RMAN commands

Taking your first RMAN backup

File sections for backups of large data files

Using RMAN for performing incremental backups

Fast incremental backups using the block change tracking (BCT) file

Multi-section incremental backups

Incrementally updated backups

Performing backups of the control file, the SPFILE, and archived redo logs

Using RMAN compression for backups

RMAN for multitenant container databases

Performing a full backup of a multitenant CDB

Partial backup of a multitenant CDB

Performing backup of a pluggable database and root

Performing backups of backups

Restarting RMAN backups

Useful RMAN views related to backups

Summary

6. Configuring and Recovering with RMAN

RMAN configuration – an introduction

Using the V$RMAN_CONFIGURATION view

Using the SHOW ALL command

Configuring the backup retention policy

Redundancy retention policy

Recovery window retention policy

Using backup optimization

Configuring the device types for the backup

Configuring auto backup for the control file and SPFILE

Configuring RMAN channels

Creating duplexed backups

Configuring encrypted backups

Transparent encryption of backups

Creating and using Oracle Software Keystore

Password encryption

Dual-mode encryption

Configuring compression for backups

Configuring the snapshot control file

Configuring the archived log deletion policy

Configuring the FRA

Configuring authentication for RMAN

Operating system authentication

Authenticating the password file

Crash and media recovery

Key terms related to recovery

Overview of stages in the database startup

Steps involved in the crash/instance recovery

Instance recovery in container and pluggable databases

Performing media recovery

Recovery in the NOARCHIVELOG mode

Loss of a temporary file

Loss of non-system data files

Loss of system data files

Recovering whole CDBs, PDBs, and root container databases

Complete recovery of a container database

Complete recovery of a pluggable database

Complete recovery of the root container

Performing control file recovery

Performing Block Media Recovery (BMR)

Performing point-in-time recovery

Database Point-in-time Recovery (DBPITR)

Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (TSPITR)

Table and table partition-level recovery from RMAN backups

Data recovery advisor

Summary

7. RMAN Reporting and Catalog Management

Using the control file for RMAN metadata

Using the CONTROLFILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME parameter

What is a recovery catalog

Creating the recovery catalog

Sizing and creating a database for the recovery catalog

Creating the default tablespace for the catalog owner

Creating the catalog owner schema

Granting privileges to the catalog owner

Creating the recovery catalog

Using the recovery catalog

Resynchronizing the recovery catalog with the control file

Merging multiple recovery catalogs into one

Using virtual private catalogs

Creating and managing stored scripts

Making a recovery catalog highly available

Upgrading the recovery catalog

Unregistering databases from the recovery catalog

Dropping a recovery catalog

Views related to the recovery catalog

Reporting in RMAN

Using the LIST command

Using the REPORT command

Summary

8. RMAN Troubleshooting and Tuning

Getting started with RMAN troubleshooting

Using CHECKSYNTAX

Reading the RMAN error stack

Debugging RMAN using the DEBUG clause

Using the alert log and operating system trace files

RMAN tuning – an introduction

I/O and RMAN – two sides of one coin

Number and size of the input and output buffers

Synchronous and asynchronous I/O modes

Setting the Large Pool memory

Monitoring RMAN I/O performance using dictionary views

V$BACKUP_ASYNC_IO (for asynchronous I/O)

V$BACKUP_SYNC_IO (for synchronous I/O)

Tuning SBT (tape) performance

Monitoring RMAN sessions and operations

Stopping RMAN from being uncontrollable

Using incremental, multi-section, multiplexing, and parallelism

Troubleshooting RMAN performance using tracing

Summary

9. Understanding Data Pump

What is Data Pump?

The Data Pump architecture

New concepts with Data Pump

Methods to move the data

Datafile copy

Direct path

External tables

Conventional path

Network link

Data Pump files

Roles for Data Pump export and import

Directory objects

Creating directory objects

Data Pump scenarios

Schema export and import

Exporting and importing tables

Exporting and importing a whole database/pluggable database

Using Export to estimate space

Parallel full database export and interactive-command mode

Importing tables with only metadata

Exporting views as tables

Importing data via a network link

Summary

10. Advanced Data Pump

Data masking

Metadata repository and version control

Using SOURCE_EDITION and TARGET_EDITIONS

Cloning a user

Creating smaller copies of production

Creating your database in a different file structure

Moving all objects from one tablespace to another

Moving an object to a different schema

Migrating data for upgrade

Downgrading an Oracle Database

Transporting a tablespace

Data Pump flashback

Monitoring Data Pump job status

Some performance tuning tips

Summary

11. OEM12c and SQL Developer

Configuring backup, recovery, and catalog settings

Backup settings

Recovery settings

Catalog settings

Scheduling an RMAN backup

Using the Oracle-Suggested Backup strategy option

Using the Customized Backup option

Restore points

Export/Import with OEM12c

Executing an export operation

Monitoring the job

SQL developer 3.2

RMAN operations

Data Pump operations

Summary

A. Scenarios and Examples – A Hands-on Lab

Configuring the database

Making sure an spfile is used to start the database

Placing the database in the archivelog mode and activating Flashback

Creating a new redo log group and associated files

Configuring RMAN

Creating the target DB RMAN backup account

Configure RMAN using the configure command

Backup database

Checking and deleting obsolete backups

Creating RMAN catalog user

Creating recovery catalog

Register your DB in the recovery catalog

Creating a virtual private catalog

Enabling Block Change tracking

Playing with RMAN, FRA, and catalog views

Monitoring a backup

Incremental backups

Multisection backups

FRA – checking number of redo switches

Check for alerts

Check FRA usage

See the archived log generated by the DB target

See the control file backups

See the corrupted list that exists in datafile backups

See block corruption in the DB, populated when backup or backup validate

See all RMAN configurations (equivalent to show all)

Monitor backup outputs (RMAN)

Offline backups with RMAN

Offline backup without using configured defaults

Using backup limits (duration)

Modifying the retention policy for a backup set (archival backups)

Archive deletion policy

Using RMAN to scan DB for physical and logical errors

Configuring tablespaces for exclusion from whole database backups

Skipping offline, inaccessible, or read-only datafiles

Forcing backups of read-only datafiles

Backup of newly added datafiles

Backup files not backed up during a specific period

General backup examples

Backup copies

Advanced RMAN

Information about fully-completed backups

Summary of the active session history

How long does it take?

V$BACKUP_ASYNC_IO

Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (TSPITR)

Reporting from a catalog

Duplex backup

Check if the database is recoverable

Recover advisor

Magic with Data Pump

Preparing Data Pump

Data masking

Metadata repository

Cloning a user

Creating smaller copies of production

Creating your database in a different structure

Time-based flashback

Backup and recovery scenarios

Active duplication of a database to a different server with the same structure (non-OMF and non-ASM)

Duplicating a PDB

ASM backup and restore

Recovering from the loss of the SYSTEM tablespace

Recovering a lost datafile using an image from an FRA

Index