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Cover
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Introduction
1. From Imprinting to Attachment
Chapter 1. Mother Love as the Cradle of the Emotional Self
Introduction
Becoming Emotional
Between Overprotection and Deprivation: The Mother-Child Dyad Takes Center Stage
John Bowlby: The Mother as the Psychic Organizer
Conclusion
Chapter 2. The Study of Instincts
Introduction
Ethology: Lorenz and Tinbergen Search for the Biological Basis of Behavior
The Nature of Instincts
Imprinting
The WHO Meetings: Imprinting from Birds to Infants
Conclusion
Chapter 3. Bowlby’s Ethological Theory of Attachment Behavior: The Nature and Nurture of Love for the Mother
Introduction
From Natural Description to Social Prescription: Infants’ Needs and the Tragedy of Working Mothers
Challenging the Studies on Maternal Deprivation
Uniting Psychoanalysis and Ethology: The Nature of the Child’s Tie to the Mother
The Power of Natural Love
Conclusion
2. Challenging Instincts
Chapter 4. Against Evolutionary Determinism: The Role of Ontogeny in Behavior
Introduction
Daniel Lehrman: Against Konrad Lorenz’s Theory of Instincts
Behavior without Predetermination: Lehrman on Maternal Care
The Impossibility of Isolating the Innate
Hinde against Drives
Critique of Imprinting
Lorenz’s Defense
Lehrman Redux
Conclusion
Chapter 5. Psychoanalysts against Biological Reductionism
Introduction
Freud on Instincts
Psychoanalysis and Ethology: Natural Allies?
Anna Freud
Max Schur
René Spitz
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Primate Love: Harry Harlow’s Work on Mothers and Peers
Introduction
Harry Harlow
In Search of the Origins of Love: Contact or Food?
The Machine (or the Father) in the Nursery
The Machine Produces Monsters: Bring Back Natural Mother Love
The Power of Peers
The Moral of the Story: Surprise!
Conclusion
3. Naturalizing Nurture
Chapter 7. The Nature of Love: Mary Ainsworth’s Observational and Experimental Work
Introduction
Mary Ainsworth: From Assistant to Defender
Patterns of Behavior: From Uganda to Baltimore via London
Assumptions and Displacements: From Relation to Correlation to Causation
The Biological Foundations of Attachment
Conclusion
Chapter 8. Reinforcing Each Other and a Normative View of Nature
Introduction
Lorenz Appeals to Psychoanalysis
Bowlby Appeals to Ethology
Normative Nature: From the Natural to the Social
Conclusion
Conclusion: Infants, Instincts, and Mothers
Acknowledgments
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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