沼气技术与工程=AnaerobicDigestionTechnologyandEngineering电子书

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction to Biogas

1.1 Biogas Origin & Nomenclature

1.2 International Biogas History

1.3 Biogas Digester Development in China

1.3.1 First Stage—Luo Guorui Biodigester

1.3.2 Second Stage—Long-distance, Big and Deep Digester

1.3.3 Third Stage—Round, Small and Shallow Digester

1.3.4 Fourth Stage—Mini-size and High-efficiency Digester

1.3.5 Fifth Stage—Commercialized Fiberglass Digester

1.4 Biogas Characteristics

1.4.1 Biogas Components

1.4.2 Biogas Terminologies

Chapter 2 Biochemistry and Microbiology of Biogas Fermentation

2.1 Three Steps of Biogas Fermentation

2.2 Microbes in Three-step of Biogas Fermentation

2.2.1 Biogas Microbes in Nature

2.2.2 Groups and Actions of Non-methane-producing Microbes

2.3 Estimation and Calculation of the Amount of Methane Produced from Organic Compounds

2.4 Anaerobic Digestive Process of Complex Organic Compounds

2.4.1 The Degradation of Carbohydrates

2.4.2 Metabolism of Lipids

2.4.3 Metabolism of Protein

2.5 Fermentative Bacteria

2.5.1 Cellulose-splitting Bacteria

2.5.2 Semi-cellulose-splitting Bacteria

2.5.3 Starch-splitting Bacteria

2.5.4 Protein-splitting Bacteria

2.5.5 Fat-splitting Bacteria

2.6 The Obligate H2-producing Acetogenic Bacteria

2.7 Hydrogen-producing Acetogenic Bacteria in Aqua of Biogas Fermentation

2.7.1 Hydrogen-Producing Acetogenic Bacteria in Biogas Fermentation Liquid

2.7.2 Other Specific Bacteria

2.8 Methane-producing Bacteria and Their Classification

2.8.1 Classification and Identification of Methane-producing Bacteria

2.8.2 Metabolic Substrates of Methane-producing Bacteria

2.8.3 Theory of Methane Formation

2.8.4 Methane Formation Metabolized by Acetate and Formate

2.8.5 Methane Original

2.9 Relationship Between Different Biogas Microbes

Chapter 3 Technology of Biogas Fermentation

3.1 Strict Anaerobic Environment

3.2 Temperature

3.3 pH Value

3.4 Feedstock for Biogas Fermentation

3.4.1 Properties and Classification of Feedstock

3.4.2 Properties of Common Feedstock in Gas Production

3.4.3 Proportion of Feedstock

3.5 Concentration

3.6 Seeding Materials

3.6.1 Function of Seeding Materials

3.6.2 Enrichment and Culture of Seeding Materials

3.6.3 Source of Seeding Materials

3.6.4 Amount of Seeding Material

3.7 Management

3.7.1 Supplement of Fresh Raw Materials

3.7.2 Frequent Stirring

3.7.3 Keep Fermentative Temperature

3.7.4 Frequent Check of Biogas Devices

3.7.5 Discharging Digesters

3.7.6 Fermentation Inhibitors

3.7.7 Safety & Biogas Appliances

3.8 Inspection and Maintenance of the Biogas Digester

3.8.1 Leak Test of the Biogas Digester

3.8.2 Biogas Digester Maintenance

3.9 Technique Types of Biogas Fermentation

3.9.1 According to Feeding Pathway

3.9.2 According to Digesting Device-type

3.9.3 According to Fermentative Mold of Action

3.9.4 According to State of Feedstock

3.9.5 According to Fermentation Temperature

3.9.6 According to Different Stage Fermentation

3.10 Different Types of Fermentative Digesters

3.10.1 Conventional Digester

3.10.2 High Rate Digester

3.10.3 Anaerobic Contact Digester

3.10.4 Anaerobic Filter (AF)

3.10.5 Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB)

3.10.6 Anaerobic Bed

3.10.7 Two-phase Anaerobic Digester

3.10.8 Dry Fermentation

3.10.9 Plug-flow Anaerobic Digester

3.10.10 Pipeline-type Anaerobic Digester

Chapter 4 Large-medium Scale Biogas Project

4.1 Partition of Large-medium Scale Biogas Project

4.1.1 Partition by Volume Size

4.1.2 Classifications by Different Types of Organic Wastes

4.1.3 Materials Characteristics

4.1.4 Characteristics of Biogas Project

4.2 Process and Type of Biogas Project

4.2.1 Anaerobic Contact Process

4.2.2 Anaerobic Filter (AF)

4.2.3 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

4.2.4 Anaerobic Fluidized Bed (AFB) and the Anaerobic Attached Film Expanded Bed (AAFEB)

4.2.5 Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB)

4.2.6 Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactors (IC Reactor)

4.2.7 Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed-filter Technology (UBF)

4.2.8 Upflow Anaerobic Solid Reactor (USR)

4.2.9 Anaerobic Rotating Biological Contactor (ARBC)

4.2.10 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)

4.3 The Design and Management of Biogas Engineering

4.3.1 The Design of Biogas Engineering

4.3.2 The Startup of Biogas Engineering

4.3.3 Operation and Management of Biogas Engineering

Chapter 5 Engineering of Domestic Sewage Treatment in Towns and Non-hazardous Treatment Engineering of Public Toilet Excrement

5.1 Principle of Treatment and Volume Calculation

5.1.1 Principle of Treatment

5.1.2 Volume Calculation

5.2 The Technique Processes and Fundamental Principles

5.2.1 Technique Processes

5.2.2 Fundamental Principles

5.3 Treatment Effects

5.3.1 Effect Analysis of Domestic Waste Water Treatment

5.3.2 Effect Analysis of Pharmaceutical Waste Water Waste Water Treatment

5.3.3 Effect Analysis of Night Soil Sewage Treatment in Towns

Chapter 6 Introduction and Background to Comprehensive Utilization of Biogas System

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Biogas Dissemination and Development Prospect in China

6.3 Overview of the Use of Bio-slurry in China

6.4 Utilization of Different Fertilizers in China

6.5 Objective and Methodology

6.5.1 Objective for Use of Bio-slurry

6.5.2 Methods

Chapter 7 Utilization of Biogas

7.1 Heat Utilization Technology of Biogas

7.1.1 Biogas Heating for Chicken Hatching

7.1.2 Gas Lamp Heat Hatch

7.1.3 Biogas Used for Sericulture

7.1.4 Biogas Lamp Used for Increasing Laying Rate

7.1.5 Biogas Lamp Trap Insect to Feed Fish

7.1.6 Biogas Lamp Used for Storing Sweet Potato

7.1.7 Biogas Drying Food Crop and Raising Rice Seedlings

7.2 Biogas Non-thermal Technology

7.2.1 Biogas Storage Grain

7.2.2 Biogas Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

7.3 Biogas and Greenhouse Cultivation Techniques

Chapter 8 Utilization of Bio-slurry in China

8.1 Different Ways of Using Bio-slurry

8.2 Issues Existing in Application of Bio-slurry

8.3 Limitations of Bio-slurry

8.4 Utilization Mechanism and Prospects of Bio-slurry

8.5 Conclusions and Suggestions

Chapter 9 Characteristics of Bio-slurry

9.1 Physical and Chemical Features

9.2 Active Elements of Bio-slurry

9.2.1 Various Kinds of Hydrolase

9.2.2 B Vitamins

9.2.3 Amino Acids

9.2.4 Phytohormone

9.2.5 Antibiotis

9.2.6 Humic acid

9.2.7 Microelements

9.3 Comparison of Bio-slurry with Other Fertilizers

9.3.1 Comparison of Bio-slurry with Compost Fertilizer

9.3.2 Effect of Increasing Crop Yield of Bio-slurry and Compost

Chapter 10 Various Kinds of Utilizations of Bio-slurry

10.1 Effect on Improving Soil with Bio-slurry

10.1.1 Improvement of Physical and Chemical Nature of Soil

10.1.2 Active Role of Bio-slurry to Soil Nutrients

10.1.3 Formation of Soil Granular Structure

10.2 Effect of Bio-slurry as Additive in Feeding Pigs

10.2.1 Increasing Rate of Growth

10.2.2 Enhancing Conversion Rate of Feeding

10.2.3 Reducing Diseases for Facilitating Growth of Pigs

10.2.4 Results of Slaughtering and Analysis of Meat Quality

10.2.5 Economic Benefits

10.3 Effect of Bio-slurry on Feeding Fish

10.3.1 Increasing Fish Yield

10.3.2 Improving Quality of Fish Meat

10.3.3 Reducing Occurrence of Fish Diseases

10.3.4 Economic Benefits Analysis

10.3.5 Improvement to Water Quality by Bio-slurry

10.3.6 Using Bio-slurry for Raising Fish in Rice Fields

10.4 Effect of Bio-slurry on Soaking Seeds

10.4.1 The Effect of Bio-slurry on Soaking Seeds to Germination Rate

10.4.2 Effect of Bio-slurry on Soaking Seeds to Seedling Rate

10.4.3 Effect of Bio-slurry on Soaking Seeds to Seedling Character

10.4.4 Effect of Bio-slurry on Soaking Seeds to Disease Resistance, Cold Resistance and Anti-adversity

10.4.5 Effect of Bio-slurry on Enhancing Crop Yield

10.5 Effect of Bio-slurry on Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest

10.5.1 Problem of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest

10.5.2 Study on Bio-slurry for Prevention and Cure of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest

10.5.3 Varieties of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest with Bioslurry Used for Prevention and Control

10.5.4 Effects of Bio-slurry Used for Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pest

10.6 Application of Bio-slurry (Bio-sludge) for Mushroom Culture

10.6.1 Enhancing Quality of Mushroom Obviously

10.6.2 Effect of Bio-slurry (Bio-sludge) Used for Mushroom Culture

10.7 Bio-slurry Used as Nutrient Liquid of Soilless Culture

10.7.1 Nutrient Solution of Soilless Culture by Chemical Composition

10.7.2 Nutrient Components of Bio-slurry

10.7.3 Effect of Bio-slurry on Planting Vegetables

10.8 Study on Application of Bio-slurry in Non-polluted Fruits and Vegetables

10.9 Study on Bio-slurry Used for Developing Organic Liquid Fertilizer of Flowers

10.9.1 Nutrient Equilibrium and Adjustment of Bio-slurry

10.9.2 Production Process and Pathway for High Efficiency Organic Liquid Fertilizers for Flowers

10.9.3 Nutrients of High Efficiency Organic Liquid Fertilizer for Flowers

10.9.4 Properties and Operation Manual of High Efficiency Organic Liquid Fertilizer for Flowers

10.10 Other Utilizations of Bio-slurry

Chapter 11 Effect Evaluation on the Utilization of Bio-slurry

11.1 Methods (Technique, Cost) to Store Bio-slurry

11.2 Methods (Technique, Cost) to Process Bio-slurry

11.3 Achievements of the Use of Bio-slurry in China

11.4 Analysis of Economic Benefits on Utilization of Bio-slurry

11.4.1 Cost/benefit on Bio-slurry Used for Rice Planting

11.4.2 Cost/benefit on Bio-slurry Used for Planting Peanuts

11.4.3 Cost/benefit Analysis of Bio-slurry Used as Fertilizer for Rape

11.4.4 Cost/benefit Analysis of Bio-slurry Used as Fertilizer for Tea

11.4.5 Cost/benefit Analysis of Bio-slurry Used as Fertilizer for Banana Plantation

11.4.6 Cost/benefit Analysis of Bio-slurry Used as Fertilizer for Sugarcane Plantation

Chapter 12 Commercialized Household Biogas Digester Made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic

12.1 Introduction of Fiberglass

12.2 Design of Fiberglass Digester

12.2.1 Core Parameters of 4～8m3Digester

12.2.2 Technical Specifications

12.2.3 Producing Technology of Biogas Digester Made of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic

Chapter 13 The Practices of Fiberglass Bio-digester

13.1 Application Ways

13.2 Preparation Before the Installation

13.2.1 Selection of the Construction Site

13.2.2 Plan of the Digester

13.2.3 Pretreatment Tank

13.2.4 Digester Pit

13.2.5 Overflow Tank

13.2.6 Preparation of Inoculation (i.e. Seeding Materials)

13.2.7 Preparation of Raw Materials

13.3 Operation Steps on Installation of Fiberglass Biogas Digesters

13.4 Loading and Start-up for Biogas Digesters

13.5 Maintenance for Commercialized House

References