Mastering VMware vSphere 6.7电子书

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Mastering VMware vSphere 6.7 Second Edition

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Section 1: Getting Started

Evolution to vSphere 6.7

Introduction to VMware vSphere

vSphere strategy – the foundation of your unified hybrid cloud

Software-defined data center (SDDC)

Virtualization versus containers

VMware vSphere ecosystem

Data centers and cloud computing

Storage and availability

Network and security

End user computing

Cloud management

Cloud-native workloads

Introduction to VMware Cloud on AWS

Hardware specifications and sizing

Physical location

Pricing

Interconnection with on-premises SDDC

Connectivity to native AWS services

Certifications

What's new in VMware vSphere 6.7?

Key features

vSphere Client (HTML-5)

Improved vCenter Server Appliance (vCSA) monitoring

Improved vCenter backup management

ESXi single-reboot upgrades

ESXi Quick Boot

Support for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA)

vSphere persistent memory

Virtual Trusted Platform Module (vTPM)

TPM 2.0

Microsoft virtualization-based security (VBS)

Per-VM Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC)

Hybrid linked mode

Instant Clone

Configuration maximums

Virtual machine hardware 14

ESXi 6.7 hypervisors

vCenter Server 6.7

VMware vSphere 6.7 Editions

VMware vSphere Editions

VMware vSphere Essentials Kits

Remote Office Branch Office (ROBO) editions

Reasons for and against upgrading

Why upgrade?

Why shouldn't you upgrade?

Upgrade paths

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Designing and Planning a Virtualization Infrastructure

Planning a virtual infrastructure project

Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)

Waterfall

ITIL v3

Improved waterfall

Physical hardware considerations

Physical form factor considerations

Standard rack servers

Blade servers

Hyper-converged servers

Resource comparison

Hyper-converged systems

Storage design considerations

Standard storage arrays

Software-defined storage

Network design considerations

Three-tier architecture

Access

Distribution

Core

Leaf spine

Assess

The design objective

Requirements, constraints, assumptions, and risks

Design

Conceptual design

Logical design

Physical design

ESXi host

Compute

Storage

Network connectivity

Management

vCenter Server

How to provide good documentation

Best practices

Reference architecture

VVD

Different scenarios

Enterprise

Business requirements

Possible constraints

Main risks

Some design decisions

Small and medium-sized business (SMB)

Business requirements

Possible constraints

Main risks

Some design decisions

ROBO

Business requirements

Possible constraints

Main risks

Examples of design decisions

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Analysis and Assessment of Existing Environments

Analyzing a physical environment before virtualizing

Useful metrics from a physical environment

Processor metrics

Memory metrics

Disk metrics

Network metrics

Are all workloads good candidates to be virtualized?

Existing tools to analyze a physical environment

VMware Capacity Planner (VCP)

Virtual Storage Area Network (vSAN) sizing tools

Dell Live Optics

Microsoft Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit

Assessing an existing virtual environment

Discovery and inventory

Health check

Benchmarks

DVD Store

Hyper-Converged Infrastructure Benchmark (HCIBench)

Existing tools for analyzing a virtual environment

RVTools

VOA

VMware vSphere Health Check

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Deployment Workflow and Component Installation

vSphere components and workflow

ESXi deployment plan

Choosing the hardware platform

Identification of the storage architecture

Defining the network configuration

ESXi installation

Where should I install ESXi?

Preparing for deployment

Interactive installation

Unattended installation

Auto Deploy installation

How Auto Deploy works

Configuring DHCP

Configuring TFTP

Creating an image profile

Creating deployment rules

Auto Deploy modes

Stateless installation

Stateless caching installation

Stateful installation

vCenter Server components

PSC

Linked Mode

vCenter Server

Migration from vCenter for Windows to vCSA

Where to install – physical or virtual?

vCenter Server Appliance deployment

Why deploy vCSA instead of the Windows version?

Installing the vCSA PSC

Installing the vCSA vCenter

Installing the vCSA with Embedded Platform Service Controller

vCSA HA

vCenter HA configuration

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Configuring and Managing vSphere 6.7

Using the VMware vSphere HTML5 client

Configuring ESXi

Management network configuration

Enabling Secure Shell (SSH) access

ESXi firewall

Configuring the Network Time Protocol (NTP)

ESXi 6.7 partition layout

Boot banks

Scratch partition

Centralized log management

vRealize Log Insight

Free syslog servers

Syslog configuration

Backing up and restoring ESXi

Backing up and restoring ESXi using CLI

Backing up and restoring ESXi using PowerCLI

Backing up using PowerCLI

Restoring using PowerCLI

Backing up all ESXi servers within a single vCenter server

Configuring vCSA

Basic setup using the vCenter Server Appliance Management Interface (VAMI)

Modifying the IP address and DNS

Exporting a support bundle

Configuring time synchronization

Changing the vCSA password

Licensing

Roles and permissions

AD integration

Configuring ESXi with AD authentication

Installing the VMware Enhanced Authentication plugin

vCSA and PSC

Repointing the vCSA to another external PSC

Pointing the vCSA with an embedded PSC to an external PSC

Resetting the SSO password

Exporting and importing the vCSA configuration

The vCSA backup procedure

vCSA restoration procedure

Managing data centers, clusters, and hosts

Creating a data center

Adding a host to the vCenter Server

Disconnecting a host from vCenter Server

Removing a host from vCenter Server

Creating a cluster

Removing a host from a cluster

Managing hosts

Using tags

Tasks

Scheduling tasks

Managing host profiles

Automating tasks with scripts

Automating with PowerCLI

PowerCLI script examples

vCenter REST API

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Life Cycle Management, Patching, and Upgrading

Patching a vSphere 6.7 environment

Upgrade flow to vSphere 6.7

Upgrading the workflow and procedure

Step 1 – pre-migration

Step 2 – migration

Step 3 – validation

Upgrading vCSA 6.5 to vCSA 6.7

Upgrading vCenter 6.5 for Windows to vCenter 6.7 for Windows

PSC upgrade

Upgrading vCenter Server

Migrating vCenter 6.5 for Windows to vCSA 6.7

Migration procedure

Upgrading standalone ESXi servers

ESXi compatibility checker

Updating or patching ESXi hosts through the installation ISO

Updating or patching ESXi hosts through the command line

Rolling back to the previous version

VUM

Configuring VUM

Working with baselines

Baseline groups

Attaching or detaching baselines

Scanning VMs and hosts

Staging and remediating patches

Upgrading hosts with VUM

Upgrading VM hardware

Upgrading VM Tools

Updating the vCSA

Updating the vCSA through the command line

Staging and remediating patches

Updating the vCSA with VAMI

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Section 2: Managing Resources

Managing Networking Resources

Basic network overview

OSI model

Encapsulation and de-encapsulation

MAC tables and MAC learning process

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) versus User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

IPv6

Virtual networking with switches

Standard virtual switch (vSwitch) overview

Distributed vSwitch overview

Comparing standard and distributed vSwitches

Managing standard virtual networking

Creating a new vSwtich

New vSwitch from ESXi host client

New vSwitch from vCenter Server

New vSwitch from ESXi CLI

Working with port groups

Creating a new port group from ESXi host client

Creating a new port group from vCenter Server

Creating a new port group from ESXi CLI

Working with VMkernel adapters

Creating a new VMkernel adapter from ESXi host client

Creating a new VMkernel adapter from vCenter Server

Working with physical NICs

TCP/IP stacks

Managing distributed virtual networking

Creating a distributed vSwitch

Attaching the ESXi host to the distributed vSwitch

Creating distributed port groups

Properties and configuration options of the distributed vSwitch

Topology

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)

Private VLAN (PVLAN)

NetFlow

Port mirroring

Health check

Ports, hosts, and VMs

Migrate VM networking

NIOC

Network resource pools

Direct allocation on VM

Advanced network functions

Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV)

Enabling SR-IOV

Configuring VM for SR-IOV

Traffic filtering and marking

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Managing Storage Resources

Storage basics

Storage arrays

Storage performance

The RAID level

Deduplication

Replication

Physical storage device types

SSDs and AFAs

Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) arrays

VMware vSphere storage types

Storage types at the ESXi logical level

Storage types at the ESXi physical level

Storage types at VM logical levels

Storage types at the VM physical level

Persistent memory (PMem)

VMware vSphere storage configuration

FC storage

FCoE storage

iSCSI storage

NFS storage

SIOC and storage DRS

SIOC

Reservations, limits, and shares

Reservations

Limits

Shares

RLS calculations

SIOC versions

Storage DRS

Datastore clusters

Anti-affinity rules

Advanced storage features

Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) 6

Automatic space reclaim

Instant clones versus linked clones

Storage DRS versus storage tiering

RDM

Permanent Device Loss (PDL) and All-Paths-Down (APD)

Flash Read Cache

Storage integration

VMware vSphere SPBM

Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA)

Multipathing

VMware vStorage API for Array Integration (VAAI)

VMware vSphere APIs for I/O Filtering (VAIO)

VASA

VVols

Introducing VMware vSAN

Planning and designing

Device considerations

vSAN configuration

Health monitoring

vSAN policies

Creating VM on vSAN

Summary

Questions

Further reading

VM Deployment and Management

The components of a virtual machine

Virtual hardware

vCPUs

Memory

Network adapter

Virtual disks

Storage controller

File structure

Changing the default file position

Virtual machine tools

OVT

Deploying VMs

Creating a new VM

Hardware version

Setting the default hardware version

Installing the OS

Installing Virtual Machine Tools

Cloning a VM

Deploying a VM from a template

VM customization Specifications

Content library

Creating a content library

Local content library

Subscribed content library

Working with the content library

Uploading ISO images

Uploading templates and OVF files

Deploying VMs from the content library

ISO files from the content library

Managing VMs

Adding or registering an existing VM

Removing or deleting a VM

Managing the power state of a VM

Managing VM snapshots

Creating a snapshot

Reverting to a snapshot

Committing changes

Snapshot consolidation

Importing and exporting VMs

Deploying Open Virtual Format (OVF) and Open Virtual Appliance (OVA) templates

Exporting a virtual machine and an Open Virtual Format (OVF)

Converting VMs

P2V conversion

V2V conversion

Summary

Questions

Further reading

VM Resource Management

Virtual machine resource management

Reservations, limits, and shares

Shares

Reservations

Limits

CPU resources

Memory resources

VM swapping

ESXi host memory states

TPS

Ballooning

Compression

Host swapping

Virtual machine migration

Compute vMotion

Storage vMotion

vMotion without shared storage

DRS

Virtual network-aware DRS

Managing DRS rules

VM-VM affinity rule

VM-Host affinity rule

DRS recommendations

DRS utilization

Managing power resources

Resource pools and vApps

Resource pool configuration

Expandable resource pool

Resource allocation monitoring and calculations

Managing resource pools

vApps

Network and storage resources

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Section 3: Advanced Topics

Availability and Disaster Recovery

VMware vSphere HA

vSphere HA configuration

vSphere HA heartbeats

vSphere HA network heartbeats

vSphere HA storage heartbeats

vSphere HA protection mechanism

Virtual Machine Component Protection (VMCP)

Proactive HA

Admission control

VM restart and monitoring

VMware vSphere FT

FT configuration

Working with FT-enabled VM

FT performance implications

Virtual machine clustering

Clustering features available in VMware vSphere

RDM device and multi-writer flag

Virtual machine backup

Transport modes

Backup solutions for VMware vSphere

Veeam Backup and Replication

NAKIVO Backup and Replication

Altaro VM Backup

Vembu VMBackup

Deduplication appliances

Hyper-scale solutions

Cohesity

Rubrik

VMware vSphere Replication

vSphere Replication installation

Working with vSphere Replication

Configuring vSphere Replication

Disaster recovery and disaster avoidance

DR of a virtual data center

DR versus disaster avoidance

DR versus stretched clusters

VMware solutions

VM Replication

Stretched cluster

SRM

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Securing and Protecting Your Environment

Security and hardening concepts in vSphere

Hardening vSphere

Authentication and identity

SSO configuration

Password management

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Active directory integration

MFA

Smart cards

RSA SecurID

vCenter Server, ESXi, and VM hardening

ESXi hardening

Lockdown mode

Networking

Transparent Page Sharing (TPS)

VIB acceptance level

Host encryption mode

ESXi Secure Boot

vCenter hardening

VM hardening

VM Secure Boot

Other security aspects

Log management

Monitoring protocols

Certification management

Encryption options of the vSphere

Protecting the data at rest

VM encryption

Protecting data in motion

Encrypted vMotion

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Analyzing and Optimizing Your Environment

Monitoring a virtual environment

vSphere monitoring

vCenter Server statistics levels

Performance monitoring with vCenter Server

ESXi health

Working with alarms

CLI monitoring

ESXTOP

PowerCLI

VM optimization

Using the default VM templates

Using only the necessary virtual hardware

Choosing the correct virtual network adapter

VMware tools

Paravirtual SCSI (PVSCSI) storage controller

Don't use snapshots in production

Don't oversize your VMs

VMware OS Optimization Tool (OSOT)

Log management

vRealize Log Insight

vRealize Operations

vRealize Operations installation

vRealize Operations analytics

vRealize Operations integrations

Other monitoring tools

Veeam ONE

Opvizor

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Troubleshooting Your Environment

What is troubleshooting?

Troubleshooting a virtual environment

CLI tools

esxcli commands

esxcfg-*

Ruby vSphere console

vim-cmd

vcsa-cli

PowerCLI

Logs

ESXi host logs

Troubleshooting vSphere components

Troubleshooting the vCenter Server

Troubleshooting the ESXi host

Troubleshooting cluster HA or DRS

Troubleshooting a virtual network

Troubleshooting storage

Troubleshooting VMs

Summary

Questions

Further reading

Section 4: Building Your Lab Environment

Building Your Own VMware vSphere Lab

The importance of lifelong learning

Why build a lab?

VMware Hands-On Lab (HOL)

VMware forums

Blogs

Choosing the right platform

Standard rack servers

Desktop PC

Small, dedicated PCs

Cloud-based solutions

A dedicated server in a data center

Software components and licensing

VMware licensing

VMware EVALExperience

Windows licensing

Other software components

Storage

Networking

Architecture and logical design

The architecture of the lab

The Master ESXi hypervisor

iSCSI storage

Virtual router

Management station

AD

IP address plan

Management network

vMotion network

iSCSI network

Production network

A detailed implementation guide

Master ESXi server configuration

Network configuration

Virtual switches

Port groups

Virtual machines

Virtual router

Virtual router configuration

Firewalls and access to the virtual router

DNS configuration

License configuration

VLAN configuration

Windows infrastructure

DC01.learnvmware.local

DC02.learnvmware.local

Mgmt.learnvmware.local

iscsi.learnvmware.local

Storage design

iSCSI target configuration

DNS configuration

Centralized management

iSCSI target configuration

ESXi servers

Network configuration

vSwitches

Port groups

VMkernel ports

Network verification

Storage configuration

The vCenter Server

vSphere configuration

Summary

Assessment

Chapter 1: Evolution to vSphere 6.7

Chapter 2: Designing and Planning a Virtualization Infrastructure

Chapter 3: Analysis and Assessment of Existing Environments

Chapter 4: Deployment Workflow and Component Installation

Chapter 5: Configuring and Managing vSphere 6.7

Chapter 6: Life Cycle Management, Patching, and Upgrading

Chapter 7: Managing Networking Resources

Chapter 8: Managing Storage Resources

Chapter 9: VM Deployment and Management

Chapter 10: VM Resource Management

Chapter 11: Availability and Disaster Recovery

Chapter 12: Securing and Protecting Your Environment

Chapter 13: Analyzing and Optimizing Your Environment

Chapter 14: Troubleshooting Your Environment

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