中华思想文化术语11电子书

“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队

前言

Foreword

āibīnɡ-bìshènɡ 哀兵必胜

An Endangered Army Filled with Indignation Will Be Victorious.

biàn 辩

Debate

bīnɡɡuìshénsù 兵贵神速

Speed Is Key in Warfare.

bīng zhī shèngbài, běn zàiyú zhèng 兵之胜败，本在于政

Victory or Defeat in War Is Dictated by State Policy.

bīng zhīsuǒyǐ qiáng zhě, mín yě 兵之所以强者，民也

The Military Is Strong Because It Enjoys Popular Support.

chánɡ kuàihuo biàn shì ɡōnɡfu 常快活便是功夫

To Stay Constantly Joyful Is a True Attainment.

chénqián-fěnɡsònɡ 沉潜讽诵

Focused Study Through Reading and Recitation

chényù-dùncuò 沉郁顿挫

Pensiveness and Cadence

cí bié shì yījiā 词别是一家

Ci Poems Have a Distinctive Style.

dàrén 大人

Man of Virtue

dàtónɡyì/xiǎotǒnɡyì 大同异／小同异

Major Commonality and Difference / Minor Commonality and Difference

dàyī/xiǎoyī 大一／小一

The Largest One / The Smallest One

dào jìn jī wànwù zhī lǐ 道尽稽万物之理

Dao Encompasses the Patterns of All Things.

dàoyì kě zūn, wú zé fùfàn 道义可尊，无择负贩

A Person Who Leads a Moral and Righteous Life Commands Respect Even If He Is a Humble Peddler.

dìdào 地道

Way of Earth

fànbài 梵呗

Brāhma Pāṭhaka (Buddhist Chant)

fùmǔzhībānɡ 父母之邦

Mother Country

ɡōnɡchěpǔ 工尺谱

Gong-che Notation

ɡōnɡlùn 公论

Public Opinion

ɡuānɡyīnɡ-lǎnɡliàn 光英朗练

Concise and Clear Wording Makes Writings Shine.

jīqù 机趣

Verve and Appeal

jǐ（wǒ） 己（我）

Self (Myself)

jǐ yù lì ér lì rén 己欲立而立人

While Seeking to Establish Oneself, One Strives Also to Establish Others.

jiānbái-xiānɡyínɡ 坚白相盈

Solidity and Whiteness Fulfill Each Other.

juéjù 绝句

Jueju (Quatrain)

kuánɡzhě-xiōnɡcì 狂者胸次

An Unrestrained Mind

lèjiàn 乐谏

Welcome Admonishments

lǐ bù xià shùrén 礼不下庶人

The Common People Are Not Bound by Ceremonial Rites.

liùqì 六气

Six Forms of Qi (Vital Force)

lónɡlǐ 隆礼

Respect for Social Norms

lǜ shī 律诗

Lüshi (Regulated Verse; Rhythmic Poetry)

nìnɡwéi-yùsuì, bùwéi-wǎquán 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全

Rather Be a Broken Jade Vessel Than a Whole Clay Pot / Rather Die with Honor Than Live in Shame

pín bù xué jiǎn, bēi bù xué ɡōnɡ 贫不学俭，卑不学恭

Poor People Do Not Need to Learn Frugality, and Humble People Do Not Need to Learn Respectfulness.

pínɡshuǐyùn 平水韵

Pingshui Rhyming System

qìshènɡ-yányí 气盛言宜

Virtue and Knowledge Produce Good Writing.

qún'érbùdǎnɡ 群而不党

Be Sociable but Never Form a Clique

rén nénɡ hónɡ dào, fēi dào hónɡ rén 人能弘道，非道弘人

People Can Promote Dao, Rather Than Use Dao to Promote Themselves.

rénrén-zhìshì 仁人志士

A Person with Compassion, Integrity and Resolve

shāshēn-chénɡrén 杀身成仁

Sacrifice Life to Preserve Virtue

shàn shènɡ bīnɡ zhě, xiān zì xiūlǐ 善胜兵者，先自修理

Success in War Requires Good Organization.

shàn zhàn zhě, lìyú bùbàizhīdì 善战者，立于不败之地

Those Who Excel at War Must First Protect Themselves from Defeat.

shīkèzàihé 师克在和

To Be Victorious, an Army Must Be United.

shí'èr píngjūnlǜ 十二平均律

The Twelve-tone Equal Temperament

sìshēnɡ-bābìnɡ 四声八病

Four Tones and Eight Rhythmical Errors

sùpǔ 素朴

The Natural State

suī fùfàn, bì yǒu zūn 虽负贩，必有尊

Even Peddlers Have Something to Be Respected for.

suī tiānzǐ, bì yǒu zūn 虽天子，必有尊

Even the Son of Heaven Has Something to Respect.

suī yǒu zhìhuì, bùrú chénɡshì 虽有智慧，不如乘势

Even If One Is Intelligent, It Is Better to Follow the Trend of the Times.

tiāndào yuǎn, réndào ěr 天道远，人道迩

The Way of Heaven Is Far Away, While the Way of Man Is Near at Hand.

tiāndìzhīqì 天地之气

The Qi (Vital Force) of Heaven and Earth

tiānxià wú shēnɡ ér ɡuì zhě 天下无生而贵者

No One in the World Is Born Noble.

tiānxiànɡ 天象

Heavenly Phenomena

tiānxínɡ-yǒuchánɡ 天行有常

Nature's Ways Are Constant.

tónɡxīn 童心

Childlike Heart

wànwù-yītǐ 万物一体

All Things Are One.

wànwùzhīlǐ 万物之理

Universal Principle

wànɡyōu-qīnɡlè 忘忧清乐

Forget One's Worries and Enjoy Leisurely Tranquility

wèiwǒ 为我

For One's Own Sake

wénhuà 文化

Wenhua (Cultural Education)

wén qǐ bādàì zhī shuāi, dào jì tiānxià zhī nì 文起八代之衰，道济天下之溺

The Classical Style of Writing Revived the Literary Style in Decline During the Eight Dynasties; Confucianism Lifts the People out of Their Mental Plight.

wénwǔzhīdào, yīzhānɡ-yīchí 文武之道，一张一弛

The Rules of King Wen and King Wu Are Like Slack and Taut Bowstrings.

wǒ shǒu xiě wǒ kǒu 我手写我口

I Write What I Want to Say.

wúqiónɡ 无穷

Limitlessness / Infinity

wúxínɡ 无形

Incorporeal

wú yī zì wú láilì 无一字无来历

No Word Is Without a Source.

wǔl 五律

Five-character Rhythmic Poetry

xiálù-xiānɡfénɡ yǒnɡ zhě shènɡ 狭路相逢勇者胜

When Confronting the Opponent on a Narrow Path, the Boldest Will Prevail.

xiānshèng-hòuzhàn 先胜后战

Be Sure of Winning Before Engaging in War

xiànliánɡzhīměi 现量之美

Beauty of Spontaneous Response

xiànɡjiào 象教

Image-based Teaching

xiǎolìnɡ 小令

Xiaoling (Short Lyrics / Short Songs)

xiàoyàn 效验

Verification and Validation

xīnběnzìlè 心本自乐

Joy Is Original of Man's Heart and Mind.

xuánmòzhībiǎo 玄默之表

Being Quiet and Reticent

xué yú zhònɡrén, sī wéi shènɡrén 学于众人，斯为圣人

Learning from Others Enables One to Become a Sage.

yànyuè 燕乐

Banquet Music

yǎnɡbīnɡ-qiānrì, yònɡbīnɡ-yīshí 养兵千日，用兵一时

Maintain an Army a Thousand Days for Use at a Critical Time

yī yīn yī yánɡ zhī wèi dào 一阴一阳之谓道

The Alternation of Yin and Yang Constitutes the Way.

yǐshīwéicí 以诗为词

Writing Ci Poems in a General Poetic Style

yǐwénwéicí 以文为词

Writing Ci Poems as Prose

yīnyánɡzhīqì 阴阳之气

The Qi (Vital Force) of Yin and Yang

yīnqínɡ-dùncuò 音情顿挫

Achieving Rhythm of Speech and Emotion and Cadence of Speech

yǒudài 有待

Having Something to Depend on

yǒuwéi 有为

Action

yǒuxínɡ 有形

Corporeal

yù móu shènɡ dí, xiān móu rénhé 欲谋胜敌，先谋人和

To Overcome the Enemy, First Build Unity.

yuánqì 元气

Yuanqi / Fundamental Qi (Vital Force)

yuè yùn ér fēnɡ, chǔ rùn ér yǔ 月晕而风，础润而雨

A Lunar Halo Forecasts Wind, and a Wet Column Base Forecasts Rain.

yùnyònɡzhīmiào, cúnhūyīxīn 运用之妙，存乎一心

The Skillful Use of Tactics Depends on the Thinking and Judgment of the Commander.

zhàn shènɡ yì, shǒu shènɡ nán 战胜易，守胜难

It Is Easy to Win a War but Difficult to Retain the Victory.

zhījǐ-zhībǐ, bǎizhàn-bùdài 知己知彼，百战不殆

Know Yourself, Know Your Enemy and You Will Know No Peril.

zhīrén 知人

Know Others

zhīrén-lùnshì 知人论世

Know Others and Discuss Their World

zhīyán-yǎnɡqì 知言养气

Understanding True Meanings of Statements and Cultivating Uprightness

zhìchéng-wúxī 至诚无息

The Highest Level of Sincerity Is Endless.

zhìqínɡ 至情

True Passion

zhì tiānmìnɡ ér yònɡ zhī 制天命而用之

Grasp and Utilize the Endowments of Heaven

zhònɡlè 众乐

Share Joy with Other People

zìwèi 自为

For the Sake of Self-interest

zuìwēnɡzhīlè 醉翁之乐

The Joy of the Old Drunkard

术语表 List of Concepts

中国历史年代简表A Brief Chronology of Chinese History