Mastering Zabbix - Second Edition电子书

Mastering Zabbix Second Edition

Table of Contents

Mastering Zabbix Second Edition

Credits

About the Author

Acknowledgments

About the Reviewers

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Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

Who this book is for

What you need for this book

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Deploying Zabbix

Defining the environment size

Zabbix architectures

Installing Zabbix

Prerequisites

Setting up the server

Setting up the agent

Installing and creating the package

Installing from packages

Configuring the server

Installing the database

Some considerations about the database

Sizing the database

Some considerations about housekeeping

The web interface

The web wizard – frontend configuration

Capacity planning with Zabbix

The observer effect

Deciding what to monitor

Defining a baseline

Load testing

Forecasting the trends

Summary

2. Distributed Monitoring

Zabbix proxies

Deploying a Zabbix proxy

Zabbix's runtime proxy commands

Deploying a Zabbix proxy using RPMs

Considering a different Zabbix proxy database

Understanding the Zabbix monitoring data flow

Understanding the monitoring data flow with proxies

Monitoring Zabbix proxies

Security considerations

No network configuration

Network isolation

Simple tunnels

Secure Shell

Stunnel

A full-blown VPN

Summary

3. High Availability and Failover

Understanding high availability

Understanding the levels of IT service

Some considerations about high availability

Automating switchover/failover with a resource manager

Replicating the filesystem with DRBD

Implementing high availability on a web server

Configuring HTTPD HA

Understanding Pacemaker and STONITH

Pacemaker – is Quorum really needed?

Pacemaker – the stickiness concept

Pacemaker – configuring Apache/HTTPD

Configuring the Zabbix server for high availability

Implementing high availability for a database

Clustering of PostgreSQL

Mirrored logical volume with LVM and DRDB

Prerequisite tasks to start with DRBD on LVM

Creating a DRBD device on top of the LVM partition

Enabling resources in DRBD

Defining a primary device in DRDB

Creating a filesystem on a DRBD device

Pacemaker clusters – integrating DRBD

Enabling the DRBD configuration

Pacemaker – the LVM configuration

Pacemaker – configuring PostgreSQL

Pacemaker – the network configuration

Pacemaker – the final configuration

Cluster configuration – the final test

DRBD performance and optimization

DRBD efficient synchronization

Enabling DRBD online verification

DRBD – some networking considerations

Summary

4. Collecting Data

Gathering items as raw data

Understanding the data flow for Zabbix items

Understanding Zabbix trapper items

The data flow overview

Database monitoring with Zabbix

Delving into ODBC

Installing database drivers

MySQL ODBC drivers

PostgreSQL ODBC drivers

Oracle ODBC drivers

unixODBC configuration files

Compiling Zabbix with ODBC

Database monitor items

Some considerations about the ODBC SQL query

Zabbix JMX monitoring

Considering JMX security aspects

Installing a Zabbix Java gateway

Configuring Zabbix JMX

JMX keys in detail

Issues and considerations about JMX

Zabbix SNMP monitoring

SNMP queries

SNMP traps

The snmptrapd process

The perl trap handler

Monitoring Zabbix SSH

Configuring the SSH key authentication

Monitoring Zabbix IPMI

The first steps with IPMI

Configuring IPMI accounts

Configuring Zabbix IPMI items

Monitoring the web page

Authenticating web pages

Logging out

Aggregated and calculated items

Aggregated items

Calculated items

Summary

5. Visualizing Data

Graphs

Analyzing simple graphs

Analyzing ad hoc graphs

Hacking ad hoc graphs

Analyzing custom graphs

Reviewing all the combinations of graph properties

Visualizing the data through maps

Creating your first Zabbix map

Important considerations about macros and URLs

Finally, inside the map

Selecting elements

Playing with macros inside maps

Visualizing through screens

Creating a screen

Dynamic elements

Visualizing the date through a slide show

Controlling center slides and the big display challenge

Considerations about slides on a big display

Automated slide show

IT services

Configuring an IT service

Summary

6. Managing Alerts

Understanding trigger expressions

Selecting items and functions

Choosing between seconds and a number of measurements

The date and time functions

Trigger severity

Choosing between absolute values and percentages

Understanding operations as correlations

Managing trigger dependencies

Taking an action

Defining an action

The {EVENT.DATE} and {EVENT.TIME} macros

The {INVENTORY.SERIALNO.A} and friends macros

Defining the action conditions

Choosing the action operations

Steps and escalations

Messages and media

Remote commands

Summary

7. Managing Templates

Creating templates

Adding entities to a template

Using macros

User-defined macros

Importing and exporting templates

Linking templates to hosts

Nesting templates


Combining templates

Discovering hosts

The active agent auto-registration

Configuring the auto-registration

The real-case scenario

Low-level discovery

Summary

8. Handling External Scripts

External checks

The script's placement

Going deep into external checks

Going inside the script

General rules for writing scripts

Considerations about external checks

The user parameter

The flexible user parameter

Considerations about user parameters

Sending data using zabbix_sender

The new script

Writing a wrapper script for check_ora_sendtrap

The pros and cons of the dedicated script server

Working with Zabbix protocols

The Zabbix get protocol

The Zabbix sender protocol

An interesting undocumented feature

Using the clock properties in JSON items

The Zabbix agent protocol

Some more possible responses

The low-level discovery protocol

Communicating with Zabbix

Implementing the Zabbix_sender protocol in Java

Implementing the Zabbix sender protocol in Python

Some considerations about agent development

Summary

9. Extending Zabbix

Exploring the Zabbix API

First steps through the API

Authenticating through the API

Using the PyZabbix library

Exploring the Zabbix API with JQuery

Mass operations

Redistributing hosts to proxies

Adding or updating users

Exporting data

Extracting tabular data

Creating graphs from data

The Graphviz suite of programs

Creating a trigger dependency graph

Generating Zabbix maps from dot files

Summary

10. Integrating Zabbix

Stepping into WhatsApp

Getting ready to send messages

Registering the yowsup client

Sending the first WhatsApp message

Securing the yowsup setup

Creating our first Zabbix alert group

Integrating yowsup with Zabbix

An overview of Request Tracker

Setting up RT to better integrate with Zabbix

Creating a custom queue for Zabbix

Customizing tickets – the links section

Customizing tickets – ticket priority

Customizing tickets – the custom fields

Connecting to the Request Tracker API

Setting up Zabbix to integrate with Request Tracker

Creating RT tickets from the Zabbix events

Summary

Index