Analyzing Animal Societies电子书

Acknowledgments

Conventions and Abbreviations

1　Analyzing Social Structure

1.1　Introduction

1.2 What Is Social Structure?

1.3　Why Social Structure Is Important

1.4　Conceptualizing Animal Societies: A Brief History

1.5　Ethology and Behavioral Ecology

1.6　Hinde's Ethological Conceptual Framework of Social Structure

1.7　Other Definitions and Concepts of Social Structure

1.8　Elements and Measures of Social Structure

1.9　The Functional Why Questions, and Ecology

1.10　Examples of Social Analyses

1.11　Problems with Analyzing Social Structure

2　Technical Matters

2.1　Modes of Scientific Enquiry

2.2　Basic Descriptive Statistics

2.3　Precision of Statistics: Bootstraps and Jackknives

2.4　Hypothesis Testing

2.5　Data Matrices

2.6　Ordination

2.7　Classification

2.8　Model Fitting and Selection: The Method of Likelihood and the Akaike Information Criterion

2.9　Computer Programs

3　Observing Interactions and Associations: Collecting Data

3.1　Types of Behavior

3.2　Interactions

3.3　Associations

3.4　Groups

3.5　Identifying Individuals

3.6　Class Data

3.7　Collecting Social Data

3.8　Data Formats

3.9　Sampling Periods

3.10　Attributes of Data Sets

3.11　How Large a Data Set Is Needed for Social Analysis?

4　Describing Relationships

4.1　Relationships

4.2　Nonsocial Measures of Relationship

4.3　Social Attributes of Individuals, Including Gregariousness

4.4　Rates of Interaction

4.5　Association Indices

4.6　Temporal Patterning of Interactions/Associations

4.7　Relative Relationships: Multivariate Description of Relationships

4.8　Types of Relationships

4.9　"Special" Relationships: Permutation Tests for Preferred/Avoided Companionships

4.10　Quantifying the Strength of a Relationship and the Bond

4.11　Relationships between Classes

5　Describing and Modeling Social Structure

5.1　Attributes of Social Structure

5.2　Single-Measure Displays of Social Structure

5.3　Network Analysis

5.4　Dominance Hierarchies

5.5　Adding Time: Lagged Association Rates

5.6　Multivariate Methods

5.7　Delineating Groups, Units, Communities, and Tiers

6　Comparing Societies

6.1　Comparing Social Structures

6.2　Classifying Social Structures

6.3　How Complex Is My Society?

7　What Determines Social Structure, and What Does Social Structure Determine?

7.1　The Individual in Society: Roles

7.2　The Dyad in Society: Conflict

7.3　The Dyad in Society: Cooperation

7.4　Environmental Determinants of Social Systems

7.5　Mating Systems and Social Systems

7.6　Culture in Society

8　The Way Forward

8.1　Conceptual Frameworks

8.2　Subjects of Social Analysis

8.3　Collecting Better Data

8.4　Improving Analysis

9　Appendices

9.1　Glossary

9.2　A Key Journal and Some Useful Books

9.3　Computer Programs

9.4　Estimating Social Differentiation

9.5　Assessing Unit Size, Group Size, or Community Size

References