Mastering KVM Virtualization电子书

Mastering KVM Virtualization

Table of Contents

Mastering KVM Virtualization

Credits

About the Authors

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

eBooks, discount offers, and more

Why subscribe?

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Understanding Linux Virtualization

What is virtualization?

Why should I use Linux virtualization?

Types of virtualization

Advantages of virtualization

Operating system virtualization/partitioning

Full virtualization

Paravirtualization

Hardware assisted virtualization

Introducing VMM/hypervisor

Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors

Open source virtualization projects

Xen

Introducing KVM

High-level overview of KVM

What Linux virtualization offers you in the cloud

Summary

2. KVM Internals

Getting acquainted with libvirt and its implementation

Internal workings of libvirt

Time to think more about QEMU

Qemu – KVM internals

Data structures

Threading models in QEMU

KVM in action

KVM APIs

Anonymous inodes and file structures

Data structures

Execution flow of vCPU

Summary

3. Setting Up Standalone KVM Virtualization

Getting acquainted with libvirt

Host system requirements

Determining the right system requirements for your environment

Physical CPU

CPU cores

Physical memory

Storage

How much SWAP space is recommended?

Network

Setting up the environment

Installing virtualization packages

Starting the libvirt service

Validate and understand your system's virt capabilities

Hardware configuration examples

Summary

4. Getting Started with libvirt and Creating Your First Virtual Machines

Introducing virt-manager

The Virtual Networks tab

NATed virtual network

Routed virtual network

Isolated virtual network

Default network

Storage tab

Creating virtual machines using the Virtual Machine Manager

Creating a new virtual machine wizard

The Network installation (HTTP, FTP, or NFS) method

Network Boot (PXE)

Importing an existing disk image

Introducing virt-install

Installing a Windows 7 Guest using the virt-install command

Automated virtual machine deployment

Introducing virt-builder

Introducing oz

The oz configuration file

Creating a virtual machine using oz

Summary

5. Network and Storage

Virtual networking

Virtual networking using libvirt

Isolated virtual network

Routed virtual network

Editing a virtual network

NATed virtual network

MacVTap

PCI passthrough

It's all about storage!

Working with unmanaged storage

Creating a disk image and attaching it to a guest

Getting image information

Attach a disk using virt-manager

Attach a disk using virsh

Working with managed storage

Storage management console

Creating storage pools

File system directory backed storage pool

LVM Volume Group backed storage pool

iSCSI backed storage pool

Creating an ISO image library

Deleting a storage pool

Deleting storage pool using virt-manager

Deleting storage pool using virsh

Creating storage volumes

Creating volume using virsh command

Deleting a volume using the virsh command

Summary

6. Virtual Machine Lifecycle Management

QEMU guest agent

Virtual video cards and graphics

Virtual video card

Graphics

VNC graphics server

SPICE graphics server

Adding SPICE graphics server

Methods to access a virtual machine console

VM migration

Offline migration

Live or online migration

Benefits of VM migration

Setting up the environment

Shared storage

Offline migration

What if I start the VM accidently on both the hypervisors?

Enabling lockd

Live or online migration

Future of migration

Summary

7. Templates and Snapshots

Introducing virtual machine templates

Working with templates

Creating templates

Example 1 – preparing a CentOS 7 template with a complete LAMP stack

What is virt-sysprep?

Example 2 – preparing a Windows 7 template with a MySQL database

Deploying virtual machines from a template

Deploying VMs using the clone provisioning method

Deploying VMs using the thin provisioning method

Snapshots

VM disk image formats

Converting a VM disk format

Working with internal snapshots

Creating the first internal snapshot

Creating an internal snapshot with a custom name and description

Creating multiple snapshots

Reverting to internal snapshots

Deleting internal snapshots

Managing snapshots using virt-manager

Working with external disk snapshots

Creating an external disk snapshot

What is quiesce?

Reverting to external snapshots

Deleting external disk snapshots

Best practices for dealing with snapshots

Summary

8. Kimchi – An HTML5-Based Management Tool for KVM/libvirt

Libvirt Web API

Introduction to the Kimchi project

Kimchi architecture

Setting up Kimchi server

Starting kimchid service

Managing KVM virtualization infrastructure using kimchi WebUI

Creating virtual machines through Kimchi WebUI

Editing a virtual machine's resource allocation

Accessing a virtual machine's graphical console

Permissions and user access control

Monitoring and managing a host system with the Kimchi WebUI

Host system management using the Kimchi-Ginger plugin

Managing virtual machine through android phones

Summary

9. Software-Defined Networking for KVM Virtualization

Introducing Software Defined Networking

Limitations of Linux bridges

Introducing Open vSwitch

Comparison between Linux bridge and Open vSwitch

Open vSwitch architecture

Open vSwitch installation and setup

Starting openvswitch.service

Open vSwitch kernel module

Getting started with the Open vSwitch command-line interface

Setting up your first Open vSwitch bridge

Configuring an Open vSwitch bridge manually using the ovs-vsctl command

Configuring an Open vSwitch bridge using network scripts

Integrating KVM VMs and OVS

VLANs with Open vSwitch

Configuring VLANs for KVM virtual machines

Using libvirt integration

Open vSwitch QoS – controlling KVM VM traffic

Applying traffic rate limiting

Controlling outbound (egress) traffic

Applying traffic shaping

Overlay networks

Configuring Open vSwitch tunnels with VxLan

KvmHOST1 host side configuration

kvmHOST2 host configuration

Network port mirroring

Configuring port mirroring

Managing Open vSwitch using the OpenDaylight SDN controller

Installing the OpenDaylight controller (ODL-sys)

Hardware requirements

Installing and configuring ODL

Adding an Open vSwitch (vswitch001) instance to the OpenDaylight controller on system (ODL-sys)

Installing flows on the OVS bridge using OpenDaylight Dashboard

Basic Open vSwitch troubleshooting

Summary

10. Installing and Configuring the Virtual Datacenter Using oVirt

Introducing oVirt

oVirt architecture

The oVirt engine

The oVirt node

Storage

Networking

Installing the oVirt engine

Preparing the system for oVirt engine installation

Installing oVirt node

Summary

11. Starting Your First Virtual Machine in oVirt

Getting acquainted with oVirt data center and cluster

Initiating an oVirt data center

Creating storage domains

Creating logical networks

Creating and starting a virtual machine

What next?

Summary

12. Deploying OpenStack Private Cloud backed by KVM Virtualization

OpenStack architecture

Core OpenStack components

OpenStack deployment

RDO OpenStack

RDO OpenStack deployments methods

Installing Packstack

Prerequisites

Installing the Packstack installer

Running Packstack to install OpenStack

Launching First Instance

Troubleshooting the virtualization layer of OpenStack

Accessing the instance configuration database

QEMU Monitor Protocol

Summary

13. Performance Tuning and Best Practices in KVM

VirtIO

CPU tuning

The number of vCPUs

CPU configuration

CPU topology

CPU pinning

The numactl command

Working with memory

Memory allocation

Memory tuning

Memory backing

locked

nosharepages

hugepages

Getting acquainted with Kernel Same Page merging

KSM packages and files

Tuning CPU and memory with NUMA

What is NUMA?

NUMA memory allocation policies

numatune

emulatorpin

KSM and NUMA

Automatic NUMA balancing

Understanding numad and numastat

Disk and block I/O tuning

Cache mode

I/O mode

I/O tuning

Networking tuning in KVM

How to turn it on?

KVM guest time-keeping best practices

kvm-clock

Summary

14. V2V and P2V Migration Tools

Introducing the virt-v2v utility

How does virt-v2v work?

Getting the virt-v2v utility

Preparing for the v2v conversion

Conversion process

VMware guest conversion

Converting a VMware vSphere guest to a standalone KVM host

Converting a VMware vSphere guest to oVirt

Converting a VMware vSphere guest to an OpenStack-Glance repository

Xen guest conversion

Converting standalone KVM guests to an oVirt Virtualization platform and the OpenStack cloud

Troubleshooting virt-v2v related issues

Physical system to virtual conversion

Creating a virt-p2v bootable image

Can we convert any physical computers to virtual using virt-v2v?

Booting a physical system using a virt-p2v bootable disk for conversion

Converting virtual machines from unsupported virtualization platforms

List of input and output methods supported with virt-v2v

Summary

A. Converting a Virtual Machine into a Hypervisor

Introducing nested KVM

How to enable nested KVM?

Index