Troubleshooting vSphere Storage电子书

Troubleshooting vSphere Storage

Table of Contents

Troubleshooting vSphere Storage

Credits

About the Author

Acknowledgment

About the Reviewers

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Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Understanding vSphere Storage Concepts and Methodologies

Storage virtualization

Supported filesystems

VMFS

NFS

Raw disk

Storage naming

Viewing device identifiers

Within the vSphere Client

Within ESXi Shell

The many ways vSphere identifies storage

Friendly names

Identifiers

NAA identifiers

T10 identifiers

IQN identifiers

MPX identifiers

Runtime names

The vSphere Pluggable Storage Architecture

Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA) roles and commands

Multipathing Plugin – the VMware Native Multipathing Plugin roles and commands

Storage Array Type Plugin roles and commands

Path Selection Plugin roles and commands

An I/O request – from start to finish

Summary

2. Commonly Used Tools for Troubleshooting Storage

The vSphere troubleshooting methodology

vCenter Storage Views (Reports and Maps)

Reports

Maps

Using esxtop/resxtop

Switching displays

Field customization

Refresh interval

Logfiles used in vSphere Storage troubleshooting

ESXi logging

Viewing ESXi logs

vCenter Server logging

Virtual machine logging

Summary

3. Troubleshooting Storage Visibility

Common storage visibility issues across block transport types

ESXi claim rules and LUN masking

Troubleshooting paths and path selection

vCenter Server Storage filters

Disk resignaturing

LUN numbering

Troubleshooting Fibre Channel storage visibility

Registered State Change Notification (RSCN)

Identifying and interpreting Fibre Channel connection issues in the logs

Troubleshooting IP storage visibility

Verifying network connectivity to our iSCSI and NFS array

iSCSI and NFS port requirements

CHAP authentication

Identifying and interpreting iSCSI storage connection issues in the logs

Troubleshooting NFS storage

NFS ACLs

NFS permissions

Identifying and interpreting NFS storage connection issues in the logs

Summary

4. Troubleshooting Storage Contention

Identifying storage contention and performance issues

Disk adapter latency statistics

Disk device latency statistics

Virtual machine latency statistics

Using vCenter alarms to monitor latency

Planning – how to properly scale your storage

Calculating IOPs requirements

Calculating the number of disks required

How do we know when we need more IOPs?

vSphere features to help with latency, contention, placement, and compliance

Profile-Driven Storage

Storage DRS for performance

SCSI reservation conflicts

Monitoring SCSI reservation conflicts with esxtop

Resolving excessive SCSI resolutions

Storage queuing in vSphere

OS queue

Adapter queue

Per-LUN queue

Viewing queues in ESXi

vSphere Storage I/O Control

Configuring Storage I/O Control

Troubleshooting NAS/iSCSI storage performance

iSCSI port binding and Round Robin path policy

Jumbo Frames and MTU size

Summary

5. Troubleshooting Storage Capacity and Overcommitment

Monitoring datastore usage

Thin Provisioning

Array thin provisioning

Hypervisor (VMDK) thin provisioning

Monitoring Thin Provisioning

Snapshots

Understanding vSphere Snapshots

Monitoring snapshot disk usage

Datastore file management

Virtual machine swap files

Increasing the size of our datastores

Growing a VMFS datastore

Adding an extent to a VMFS datastore

Balancing capacity with Storage DRS

Summary

A. Troubleshooting Steps

You cannot connect to your iSCSI storage

Have all the network requirements for your iSCSI connection been met?

Various things to check on ESXi

Have all CHAP requirements been met?

Has there been any advanced settings dealing with iSCSI incorrectly configured?

Further check the logs for iSCSI-related errors

You cannot connect to your NFS storage

Have all the network requirements for you NFS connection been met?

Check the settings on your NFS array

Has there been any advanced settings dealing with NFS incorrectly configured?

Further check the logs for NFS related errors

You cannot connect to your Fibre Channel Storage

Fibre Channel switch zoning

Check paths to storage array/PSP

Various things to check on ESXi

Check the storage array

Further check the logs for Fibre Channel related errors

My storage/virtual machine is slow

Inspect latency values to further pinpoint where performance degradation is occurring

Ensure that your storage array is handling the demand

B. Statistics of esxtop

Overview of esxtop's interactive commands

Activating different displays

Field selection

Field order

Filtering and sorting the displayed objects

Other useful information

esxtop statistics

C. iSCSI Error Codes

Interpreting software iSCSI error codes

Index