Solidarity in Strategy电子书

Cover

Copyright

Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Solidarity, Strategy, and the Meaning of Business

Culture and Economic Interests

The Classical Origins of the Problem of Capitalist Interests

Culture and Interests in Contemporary Economic Sociology

Investigating American Business Associations

American Business Associations

Census and Archive

Evidence and Inference

A Reader’s Guide

Part One: A New View of American Business Associations

Part Two: American Business Associations as Cultural Institutions

Part Three: American Business Associations and Economic Action

Part Four: American Business Associations in Politics

Overview

Conclusion

Part I. A New View of American Business Associations

Chapter 2. “Unstable, Redundant, and Limited”: The Puzzle of American Business Associations

Max Weber and Comparative Economic Governance

Organizational Forms

Cultural Orientations

Political Processes

Governance Theory

Economic Governance and Organizational Forms

Economic Governance and Cultural Orientations

Economic Governance and Political Context

Associations in Comparative Economic Governance

Strong Associational Governance—Germany and Japan

Historical Perspectives on American Business Associations

American Business Associations in the Nineteenth Century

Antitrust Law and Its Consequences

American Business Associations in the Early Twentieth Century

Conclusion

Chapter 3. Stable, Diverse, and Minimal: Contemporary Business Associations and Cultural Production

Associations and the State in the Late Twentieth Century

Business Associations as Organizations in the Late Twentieth Century

Size

Organization

Governance

Location

Business Associations as Voluntary Associations

Organizational Features of Contemporary American Business Associations

Membership: Size and Type

Staff Numbers and Types of Association

Organizational Differentiation, Membership Size, and Membership Type

Headquarters Location

Founding Decades

Sectoral Location

What Do Business Associations Do?

Orientations of Late Twentieth-Century Business Associations

Education

Sharing Information

Research

Standards and Accreditation

Public Relations

Lobbying or Monitoring Policy

Broad Civic Goals

Conclusion

Part II. American Business Associations as Cultural Institutions

Chapter 4. “Meet the Movers and the Shakers of the Industry”: The Social Construction of Business Interests

The Social Construction of Business Interests

Producing Categories and Practices

Producing Networking Opportunities

Producing Fields

Conclusion

Chapter 5. “A Special Camaraderie with Colleagues”: Presuming and Producing Solidarity

Solidarity in Occupational Community

Occupational Community and “Industries”

Producing Collective Identities

Collective Identity and Member Benefits

Occupationally Specific Interactional Engagement

Shared History and Symbols

Producing Norms and Status

Making Standards

Codes of Conduct

Awards

“Industry” Standing

Producing Camaraderie

Sociability in Meetings

Insider Jokes

Collective Responsibility: Charity and Scholarships

Remembering the Dead

Conclusion: Interest as Totem and Alibi

Part III. American Business Associations and Economic Action

Chapter 6. “To Grow the Industry”: Business Associations and Economic Interests

Economic Purposes of Association

The “Paradox” of Particularistic Economic Benefits and Theories of Transaction Costs

Collective Economic Interests and Political Conditions of Economic Action

Intra-“Industry” Strategies of Action

Education and Training

Sharing Information

Research

Certification and Accreditation

Variations in Intra-“Industry” Activities and Types of Associations

Strategic Vocabularies of Motive and Intra-“Industry” Strategies of Action

Particularistic Rationales for Intraindustry Strategies of Action

“Our Industry”: Collective Rationales for Intraindustry Strategies of Action

Particular Interests, Collective Interests, and the “Paradox” of Collective Action

Reconciling Particularistic and Collective Interests

Business Associations and the “Paradox” of Collective Action

Collective Interests and “Industry” Governance

“Industry” Coordination and Technological Change

The Politics of “Industry” Coordination

National Business Associations and Labor

The Politics of Industry Coordination and the North American Food Equipment Manufacturers

Conclusion

Chapter 7. “The Highest Level of Professional Recognition”: Business Associations and Technical Excellence

Professional Claims and Market Interests

Professional Discourse and Strategies of Action in Business Associations

Vernacular “Professionalism” as Honorific

“Professionalism,” Information, and Research

“Professionalism,” Education, and Accreditation

Blurred Boundaries: Business or Professional Association?

Business as Professional, Professionals in Business

Business Associations and “Professional” Jurisdictional Claims

Business Associations and Abstract Knowledge Claims

The International Society of Certified Electronics Technicians

Abstract Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, and Occupational Distinction

Conclusion

Part IV. American Business Associations in Politics

Chapter 8. “A Voice for the Industry”: Business Associations and Political Interests

Business Associations as Interest Groups

Politically Active Business Associations

Late Twentieth-Century Evidence

Political Orientations of Contemporary Business Associations

Politically Oriented Strategies of Action

Systematic Policy Monitoring

Intermittently Active Lobbying

Coalition Formation

Federal Agencies and Technical Issues

The Irrigation Association

Vocabularies of Motive for Political Engagement

The Democratic Code and the Public Good

Democratic Virtue and Industry Voice

Stewardship of the Public Good

The Irrigation Association and the Language of Stewardship

Conclusion

Chapter 9. “A Tense and Permeable Boundary”: Business Associations in the Civil Sphere

Business Associations and Public Opinion

Orientations to Public Opinion

Strategies of Action and the Meaning of “Public Relations”

Vocabularies of Motive, Public Relations, and the Public Good

The Firestop Contractors International Association

Business Associations and Civil Society

“Civic” Orientations and “Business” Identities

“Civic” Orientations in Business Associations

Civic Practices in Business Associations

Civically Oriented Vocabularies of Motive

The National Association of Real Estate Brokers

Conclusion

Conclusion

Chapter 10. The Power of Business Culture

A Primer on American Business Associations

Business Associations, Cultural Production, and Occupational Community

Vocabularies of Motive for Economic Action

Vocabularies of Motive for Intraindustry Strategies of Action

Vocabularies of Motive for Publicly Oriented Strategies of Action

Strategy and Solidarity in Economic Life

The Power of Business Culture

Appendix: Methodological Overview

Published Studies

Census of American National Business Associations

Data Sources and Case Inclusion

Informational Genre and Inference

Coding Development and Implementation

Focal Sample of American National Business Associations

Case Selection

Data Collection

Analysis

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index