Ancient Times电子书

PART I. THE EARLIEST EUROPEANS

CHAPTER I. EARLY MANKIND IN EUROPE

Section 1. Earliest Man’s Ignorance and Progress

Section 2. The Early Stone Age

Section 3. The Middle Stone Age

Section 4. The Late Stone Age.

QUESTIONS

PART II. THE ORIENT

CHAPTER II.THE STORY OF EGYPT: THE EARLIEST NILE-DWELLERS AND THE PYRAMID AGE

Section 5. Egypt and its Earliest Inhabitants

Section 6. The Pyramid Age (about 3000 to 2500 b.c.)

Section 7. Art and Architecture in the Pyramid Age

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER III.THE STORY OF EGYPT: THE FEUDAL AGE AND THE EMPIRE

Section 8. The Nile Voyage and the Feudal Age

Section 9. The Founding of the Empire

Section 10. The Higher Life of the Empire

Section 11. The Decline and Fall of the Egyptian Empire

Section 12. The Decipherment of Egyptian Writing by Champollion

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER IV .WESTERN ASIA: BABYLONIA

Section 13. The Lands and Races of Western Asia

Section 14. Rise of Sumerian Civilization and Early Struggle of Sumerian and Semite

Section 15. The First Semitic Triumph: the Age of Sargon

Section 16. Union of Sumerians and Semites: the Kings of Sumer and Akkad

Section 17. The Second Semitic Triumph: the Age of Hammurapi and After

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER V.THE ASSYRIANS AND CHALDEANS

Section 18. Early Assyria and her Rivals

Section 19. The Assyrian Empire (about 750 to 606 b.c.)

Section 20. The Chaldean Empire Semitic Empire

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER VI.THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE

Section 21. The Indo-European Peoples and their Dispersion

Section 22. The Aryan Peoples and the Iranian Prophet Zoroaster

Section 23. Rise of the Persian Empire: Cyrus

Section 24. The Civilization of the Persian Empire (about 530 to 330 b.c.)

Section 25. Persian Documents and the Decipherment of Cuneiform

Section 26. The Results of Persian Rule and its Religious Influence

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER VII.THE HEBREWS AND THE DECLINE OF THE ORIENT

Section 27. Palestine and the Predecessors of the Hebrews there

Section 28. The Settlement of the Hebrews in Palestine and the United Hebrew Kingdom

Section 29. The Two Hebrew Kingdoms

Section 30. The Destruction of the Hebrew Kingdoms by Assyria and Chaldea

Section 31. The Hebrews in Exile and their Deliverance by the Persians

Section 32. Decline of Oriental Leadership;

Estimate of Oriental Civilization

QUESTIONS

PART III. THE GREEKS

CHAPTER VIII.THE DAWN OF EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION AND THE RISE OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN WORLD

Section 33. The Dawn of Civilization in Europe

Section 34. The Ægean World: the Islands

Section 35. The Ægean World: the Mainland

Section 36. Modern Discovery in the Northern

Mediterranean and the Rise of an Eastern Mediterranean World

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER IX.THE GREEK CONQUEST OF THE AEGEAN WORLD

Section 37. The Coming of the Greeks

Section 38. The Nomad Greeks make the Transition to the Settled Life

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER X.GREEK CIVILIZATION IN THE AGE OF THE KINGS

Section 39. The Ægean Inheritance and the Spread of Phœnician Commerce

Section 40. The Phœnicians bring the First Alphabet to Europe

Section 41. Greek Warriors and the Hero Songs

Section 42. The Beginnings and EarlyDevelopment of Greek Religion

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XI.THE AGE OF THE NOBLES AND GREEK EXPANSION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN

Section 43. The Disappearance of the Kingsand the Leadership of the Nobles

Section 44. Greek Expansion in the Age of the Nobles

Section 45. Greek Civilization in the Age of the Nobles

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XII.THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE AGE OF THE TYRANTS

Section 46. The Industrial and Commercial Revolution

Section 47. Rise of the Democracy and the Age of the Tyrants

Section 48. Civilization of the Age of the Tyrants

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XIII.THE REPULSE OF PERSIA

Section 49. The Coming of the Persians

Section 50. The Greek Repulse of Persians and Phoenicians

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XIV.THE GROWING RIVALRY BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA, AND THE RISE OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE

Section 51. The Beginnings of the Rivalry between Athens and Sparta

Section 52. The Rise of the Athenian Empire and the Triumph of Democracy

Section 53. Commercial Development and the Opening of the Struggle between Athens and Sparta

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XV.ATHENS IN THE AGE OF PERICLES

Section 54. Society, the Home, Education and Training of Young Citizens

Section 55. Higher Education, Science, and the Training gained by State Service

Section 56. Art and Literature

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XVI.THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN ATHENS AND SPARTA AND THE FALL OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE

Section 57. The Tyranny of Athens and the Second Peloponnesian War

Section 58. Third Peloponnesian War and Destruction of the Athenian Empire

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XVII.THE FINAL CONFLICTS AMONG THE GREEK STATES

Section 59. Spartan Leadership and the Decline of Democracy

Section 60. The Fall of Sparta and the Leadership of Thebes

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XVIII.THE HIGHER LIFE OF THE GREEKS FROM THE DEATH OF PERICLES TO THE FALL OF THE GREEK STATES

Section 61. Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting

Section 62. Religion, Literature, and Thought

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XIX.ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Section 63. The Rise of Macedonia

Section 64. Campaigns of Alexander the Great

Section 65. International Policy of Alexander:its Personal Consequences

QUESTIONS

PART IV. THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD IN THE HELLENISTIC AGE AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

CHAPTER XX.THE HEIRS OF ALEXANDER

Section 66. The Heirs of Alexander’s Empire

Section 67. The Decline of Greece

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXI.THE CIVILIZATION OF THE HELLENISTIC AGE

Section 68. Cities, Architecture, and Art

Section 69. Inventions and Science; Libraries and Literature

Section 70. Education, Philosophy, and Religion

Section 71. Formation of a Hellenistic World of Hellenic-Oriental Civilization; Decline of Citizenship and the City-State

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXII.THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN WORLD AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF ITALY

Section 72. The Western Mediterranean World

Section 73. Earliest Rome

Section 74. The Early Republic: its Progress and Government

Section 75. The Expansion of the Roman Republic and the Conquest of Italy

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXIII.THE SUPREMACY OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC IN ITALY AND THE RIVALRY WITH CARTHAGE

Section 76. Italy under the Early Roman Republic

Section 77. Rome and Carthage as Commercial Rivals

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXIV.THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN WORLD

Section 78. The Struggle with Carthage: the Sicilian War, or First Punic War

Section 79. The Hannibalic War (Second Punic War) and the Destruction of Carthage

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXV.WORLD DOMINION AND DEGENERACY

Section 80. The Roman Conquest of the Eastern Mediterranean World

Section 81. Roman Government and Civilization in the Age of Conquest

Section 82. Degeneration in City and Country

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXVI.A CENTURY OF REVOLUTION AND THE END OF THE REPUBLIC

Section 83. The Land Situation and the Beginning of the Struggle between Senate and People

Section 84. The Rise of One-Man Power: Marius and Sulla

Section 85. The Overthrow of the Republic:Pompey and Cæsar

Section 86. The Triumph of Augustus and the End of the Civil War

QUESTIONS

PART V. THE ROMAN EMPIRE

CHAPTER XXVII.THE FIRST OF TWO CENTURIES OF PEACE: THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS AND THE SUCCESSORS OF HIS LINE

Section 87. The Rule of Augustus and the Beginning of Two Centuries of Peace (30 b.c.-14 a.d.)

Section 88. The Civilization of the Augustan Age

Section 89. The Line of Augustus and the End of the First Century of Peace (14 a.d.-68 a.d.)

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXVIII.THE SECOND CENTURY OF PEACE AND THE CIVILIZATION OF THE EARLY ROMAN EMPIRE

Section 90. The Emperors of the Second Century of Peace (beginning 69 a.d.)

Section 91. The Civilization of the Early Roman Empire: the Provinces

Section 92. The Civilization of the Early Roman Empire: Rome

Section 93. Popularity of Oriental Religions and the Spread of Early Christianity

Section 94. The End of the Second Century of Peace

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXIX.A CENTURY OF REVOLUTION AND THE DIVISION OF THE EMPIRE

Section 95. Internal Decline of the Roman Empire

Section 96. A Century of Revolution

Section 97. The Roman Empire an Oriental Despotism

Section 98. The Division of the Empire and the Triumph of Christianity

QUESTIONS

CHAPTER XXX.THE TRIUMPH OF THE BARBARIANS AND THE END OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

Section 99. The Barbarian Invasions and the Fall of the Western Empire

Section 100. The Triumph of the Roman Church and its Power over the Western Nations

Section 101. The Final Revival of the Orient and the Forerunners of the Nations of Modern Europe

Section 102. Retrospect

QUESTIONS