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内容提要
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Brief introduction to world energy consumption
1.2 History of various new energy materials and devices
1.2.1 Batteries
1.2.2 Supercapacitors
1.2.3 Fuel cells
1.2.4 Solar cells
1.2.5 Biomass energy
1.2.6 Nuclear energy
1.3 Principles of various new energy materials and devices
1.3.1 Principles of metal-ion secondary batteries
1.3.2 Principles of other secondary batteries
1.3.3 Principles of fuel cells
1.3.4 Principles of supercapacitors
1.3.5 Principles of solar cells
1.3.6 Principles of solar-to-hydrogen
1.3.7 Principles of biomass energy
1.3.8 Principles of nuclear energy
1.4 Some requirements for various new energy materials and devices
1.4.1 Requirements for lithium secondary batteries
1.4.2 Requirements of other secondary batteries
1.4.3 Requirements of fuel cells
1.4.4 Requirements of supercapacitors
1.4.5 Requirements of solar cells
1.4.6 Requirements of solar-to-hydrogen conversion
1.4.7 Requirements of biomass energy
1.4.8 Requirements of nuclear energy
1.5 About this book
References
Chapter 2 Lithium secondary batteries
2.1 Positive electrode materials for LIBs
2.1.1 LiCoO2-based positive electrode materials
2.1.2 LiNiO2-based positive electrode materials
2.1.3 LiMn2O4-based positive electrode materials
2.1.4 LiFePO4-based positive electrode materials
2.1.5 LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) positive electrode materials
2.2 Negative electrode materials for LIBs
2.2.1 Graphite
2.2.2 Si-based materials
2.2.3 Titanium oxides
2.3 Electrolytes for LIBs
2.3.1 Liquid electrolytes
2.3.1.1 Solvents for liquid electrolytes
2.3.1.2 Additives for liquid electrolytes
2.3.2 Solid electrolytes
2.3.2.1 Inorganic solid-state electrolytes
2.3.2.2 Polymer electrolytes
2.4 Separators for LIBs
2.4.1 The functions and characteristics of the separator
2.4.2 Separator types
2.4.2.1 First generation lithium battery separators
2.4.2.2 Second generation lithium battery separators
2.4.2.3 Third generation lithium battery separators
2.4.3 Separator preparation methods
2.4.3.1 Dry process
2.4.3.2 Wet process
2.5 Aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
2.5.1 First generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
2.5.1.1 Positive electrode materials
2.5.1.2 Negative electrode materials
2.5.2 Second generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
2.5.3 Third generation aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
2.5.4 Side-reactions with H2O and O2 in an electrolyte
2.5.5 Water-in-salt aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
2.6 Li-sulfur batteries
2.6.1 Principles of Li-sulfur batteries
2.6.2 Sulfur positive electrodes
2.6.3 Electrolytes for Li-sulfur batteries
2.7 Li-air batteries
2.7.1 Water-based lithium-air batteries
2.7.2 Organic lithium-air batteries
2.7.3 Water-organic two-liquid system lithium-air batteries
2.7.4 Solid-state lithium-air batteries
2.7.5 Ionic liquid system lithium-air batteries
References
Chapter 3 Other secondary batteries
3.1 Redox flow batteries
3.1.1 Polysulfide bromide battery (PSB)
3.1.2 ZNBR battery
3.1.3 Vanadium redox flow battery (VFB)
3.2 Na-S battery
3.2.1 Principle of operation
3.2.2 The configuration of the NAS battery
3.2.3 NAS battery features
3.2.4 Composition and crystalline structure of b-alumina
3.2.5 Challenges of NAS batteries
3.3 Other metal-air batteries
References
Chapter 4 Fuel cells
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Some history
4.1.2 Ordinary fuel cells
4.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells
4.1.4 Types of fuel cells
4.2 Fuel cell thermodynamics
4.2.1 How a basic fuel cell works
4.2.2 Fuel cell performance
4.2.3 Fuel cell internal energy
4.2.4 First law of thermodynamics
4.2.5 The second law of thermodynamics
4.2.6 What are thermodynamic potential and enthalpy
4.2.7 The calculation of reaction enthalpy
4.2.8 The Gibbs free energy
4.2.9 Factors influencing reversible voltage and calculation
4.2.10 Ideal fuel cell efficiency and actual fuel cell efficiency
4.3 Fuel cell reaction kinetics
4.3.1 Current basic physical quantity calculation
4.3.2 Calculation of reaction rate
4.3.3 Tiffier equation
4.3.4 Responsive charge transfer
4.3.5 Charge transfer can cause voltage loss
4.3.6 The physical significance of conductivity
4.4 Fuel cell systems
4.4.1 General description of fuel cell systems
4.4.2 Fuel cell stack
4.4.3 Fuel transfer processing subsystem
4.4.4 Power transmission subsystem
4.4.5 Fuel cell design levels: the unit cell, the stack, and the system
4.5 Fuel cell based power systems
4.5.1 Hybrid fuel cell power system
4.5.2 Standalone fuel cell power system
4.5.3 Grid connected fuel cell power systems
4.6 Applications of fuel cells
4.6.1 Fuel cell vehicles
4.6.2 Telecommunications
4.6.3 Underwater vehicles
4.6.4 Future targets
4.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Supercapacitors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Charge storage mechanism of supercapacitors
5.2.1 Electrochemical double-layer capacitors
5.2.2 Pseudocapacitors
5.2.3 Hybrid capacitor devices
5.3 Electrolytes
5.3.1 Aqueous electrolytes
5.3.2 Organic electrolytes
5.3.3 Ionic-liquid-based electrolytes
5.3.4 Solid- and quasi-solid-state electrolytes
5.4 Electrode materials for EDLCs
5.4.1 Carbon materials with different-scaled pores
5.4.2 Activated carbons (ACs)
5.4.3 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
5.4.4 Graphene-based electrode materials
5.4.5 Other carbon structures
5.5 Electrode materials for pseudocapacitors
5.5.1 Noble metal oxides
5.5.2 Transition metal oxides and hydroxides
5.5.3 Conducting polymers (CPs)
5.6 Hybrid capacitors
5.6.1 Acidic HCs
5.6.2 Alkaline HCs
5.6.3 Lithium-ion capacitors
5.6.4 Sodium-ion capacitors
5.7 Supercapacitor performance
5.8 Applications of supercapacitors
References
Chapter 6 Solar cells
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 History
6.1.2 Classification of solar cells
6.1.3 Some PV parameters
6.1.4 Principles of solar cells
6.2 Silicon-based solar cells
6.2.1 Introduction to Si-based solar cells
6.2.2 Electrode materials
6.2.3 Basic processing and key materials
6.3 GaAs solar cells
6.3.1 History of the GaAs solar cell
6.3.2 Comparison with silicon-based solar cells
6.3.3 Other properties of GaAs materials
6.3.4 Performance of GaAs solar cells
6.4 Dye-sensitized solar cells
6.4.1 History of dye-sensitized solar cells
6.4.2 Principle of operation of a DSSC
6.4.3 Assembly of dye-sensitized solar cells
6.4.4 Main components of DSSCs
6.5 Organic /Polymer solar cells
6.5.1 History of the polymer solar cell
6.5.2 Principles of polymer solar cells
6.5.3 Advantages of polymer solar cells
6.5.4 Structure of a polymer solar cell
6.5.5 Key materials for polymer solar cells
6.5.6 Development of polymer solar cells
6.6 Perovskite solar cells
6.6.1 Perovskite solar cell history
6.6.2 Principles of perovskite solar cells
6.6.3 Key materials for perovskite solar cells
6.7 Solar power in China
References
Chapter 7 Solar-to-Hydrogen
7.1 Hydrogen energy
7.2 Hydrogen production from solar radiation
7.3 Direct solar thermal hydrogen generation
7.4 Concentrated solar thermochemical hydrogen production
7.4.1 Thermodynamics of solar thermochemical processes
7.4.2 Thermochemical processes
7.5 Solar photochemical hydrogen production
7.6 Photocatalytic hydrogen production
7.6.1 Principles of photocatalytic hydrogen generation
7.6.2 Key photocatalytic hydrogen generation processes
7.6.3 Evaluating photocatalytic water splitting systems
7.6.4 UV photocatalysts for water splitting
7.6.5 Visible light photocatalysts for H2 production
7.6.6 Main challenges and opportunities
7.7 Photobiological hydrogen generation
7.7.1 Biological hydrogen production processes
7.7.2 Microbiology
7.7.3 Key enzymes
7.7.4 Genetic modification of microorganisms
7.7.5 Theoretical considerations
7.7.6 Energy analysis and purification of hydrogen
7.8 Solar-hydrogen energy systems
References
Chapter 8 Biomass energy
8.1 Introduction of biomass energy
8.1.1 Definition and features
8.1.2 Main resource categories
8.1.3 Conversion technologies
8.1.4 The risks and rewards of energy from biomass
8.2 Biofuel characteristics
8.3 Bioethanol
8.3.1 Biomass resources
8.3.2 Detailed process technology
8.4 Biodiesel
8.4.1 Synthesis technology
8.4.2 Global biodiesel status
8.5 Gaseous biomass energy production
8.5.1 Biogas
8.5.2 Biomass gasification
8.6 Biomass power generation (BPG)
8.6.1 BPG in China
8.6.2 BPG in other countries
8.7 Outlook
References
Chapter 9 Nuclear energy
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What is nuclear energy
9.3 The physical basis of a nuclear reactor
9.3.1 The nucleus and nuclear energy
9.3.2 Radioactivity
9.3.3 Types and patterns of decay
9.3.4 Nuclear reactions
9.4 Nuclear electric power generation
9.5 Nuclear reactor types and raw materials
9.5.1 Nuclear reactor classification
9.5.2 Pressurized water reactor
9.5.3 Boiling water reactor
9.5.4 Heavy water reactor
9.5.5 Graphite reactor
9.6 Power generation principles
9.6.1 Advantages
9.6.2 Disadvantages
9.7 Nuclear resources
9.7.1 Marine nuclear resources
9.7.2 The nuclear resources of the moon
9.8 Nuclear safety
9.9 Nuclear energy development in China
References
Chapter 10 Other energy
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wind energy
10.2.1 Development of wind energy
10.2.2 Utilization of wind energy
10.2.3 Wind turbines
10.2.4 The global wind energy situation
10.3 Geothermal energy
10.3.1 History of geothermal energy
10.3.2 Types of geothermal energy
10.3.3 Resources
10.3.4 Application scenarios of geothermal energy
10.3.5 Challenges of geothermal energy
10.4 Marine energy
10.4.1 Characteristics of marine energy
10.4.2 Forms of marine energy
10.4.3 Use patterns for electricity generation
10.4.4 Installed capacity of ocean energy
10.4.5 Challenges of ocean energy
10.4.6 Prospect forecast of ocean energy
10.5 Conclusion
References
Index
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