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Nature and Nurture of Love电子书

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作       者:Vicedo, Marga

出  版  社:University of Chicago Press

出版时间:2013-05-16

字       数:65.6万

所属分类: 进口书 > 外文原版书 > 文学/自传/回忆录

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The notion that maternal care and love will determine a child's emotional well-being and future personality has become ubiquitous. In countless stories and movies we find that the problems of the protagonists-anything from the fear of romantic commitment to serial killing-stem from their troubled relationships with their mothers during childhood. How did we come to hold these views about the determinant power of mother love over an individual's emotional developmentAnd what does this vision of mother love entail for children and mothersIn The Nature and Nurture of Love, Marga Vicedo examines scientific views about children's emotional needs and mother love from World War II until the 1970s, paying particular attention to John Bowlby's ethological theory of attachment behavior. Vicedo tracks the development of Bowlby's work as well as the interdisciplinary research that he used to support his theory, including Konrad Lorenz's studies of imprinting in geese, Harry Harlow's experiments with monkeys, and Mary Ainsworth's observations of children and mothers in Uganda and the United States. Vicedo's historical analysis reveals that important psychoanalysts and animal researchers opposed the project of turning emotions into biological instincts. Despite those substantial criticisms, she argues that attachment theory was paramount in turning mother love into a biological need. This shift introduced a new justification for the pre*ive role of biology in human affairs and had profound-and negative-consequences for mothers and for the valuation of mother love.
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Cover

Copyright

Title Page

Dedication

Contents

Introduction

1. From Imprinting to Attachment

Chapter 1. Mother Love as the Cradle of the Emotional Self

Introduction

Becoming Emotional

Between Overprotection and Deprivation: The Mother-Child Dyad Takes Center Stage

John Bowlby: The Mother as the Psychic Organizer

Conclusion

Chapter 2. The Study of Instincts

Introduction

Ethology: Lorenz and Tinbergen Search for the Biological Basis of Behavior

The Nature of Instincts

Imprinting

The WHO Meetings: Imprinting from Birds to Infants

Conclusion

Chapter 3. Bowlby’s Ethological Theory of Attachment Behavior: The Nature and Nurture of Love for the Mother

Introduction

From Natural Description to Social Prescription: Infants’ Needs and the Tragedy of Working Mothers

Challenging the Studies on Maternal Deprivation

Uniting Psychoanalysis and Ethology: The Nature of the Child’s Tie to the Mother

The Power of Natural Love

Conclusion

2. Challenging Instincts

Chapter 4. Against Evolutionary Determinism: The Role of Ontogeny in Behavior

Introduction

Daniel Lehrman: Against Konrad Lorenz’s Theory of Instincts

Behavior without Predetermination: Lehrman on Maternal Care

The Impossibility of Isolating the Innate

Hinde against Drives

Critique of Imprinting

Lorenz’s Defense

Lehrman Redux

Conclusion

Chapter 5. Psychoanalysts against Biological Reductionism

Introduction

Freud on Instincts

Psychoanalysis and Ethology: Natural Allies?

Anna Freud

Max Schur

René Spitz

Conclusion

Chapter 6. Primate Love: Harry Harlow’s Work on Mothers and Peers

Introduction

Harry Harlow

In Search of the Origins of Love: Contact or Food?

The Machine (or the Father) in the Nursery

The Machine Produces Monsters: Bring Back Natural Mother Love

The Power of Peers

The Moral of the Story: Surprise!

Conclusion

3. Naturalizing Nurture

Chapter 7. The Nature of Love: Mary Ainsworth’s Observational and Experimental Work

Introduction

Mary Ainsworth: From Assistant to Defender

Patterns of Behavior: From Uganda to Baltimore via London

Assumptions and Displacements: From Relation to Correlation to Causation

The Biological Foundations of Attachment

Conclusion

Chapter 8. Reinforcing Each Other and a Normative View of Nature

Introduction

Lorenz Appeals to Psychoanalysis

Bowlby Appeals to Ethology

Normative Nature: From the Natural to the Social

Conclusion

Conclusion: Infants, Instincts, and Mothers

Acknowledgments

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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