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Philosophy of Pseudoscience电子书

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作者：Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry

出版社：University of Chicago Press

出版时间：2013-08-16

字数：97.5万

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What sets the practice of rigorously tested, sound science apart from pseudoscienceIn this volume, the contributors seek to answer this question, known to philosophers of science as "e;the demarcation problem."e; This issue has a long history in philosophy, stretching as far back as the early twentieth century and the work of Karl Popper. But by the late 1980s, scholars in the field began to treat the demarcation problem as impossible to solve and futile to ponder. However, the essays that Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry have assembled in this volume make a rousing case for the unequivocal importance of reflecting on the separation between pseudoscience and sound science. Moreover, the demarcation problem is not a purely theoretical dilemma of mere academic interest: it affects parents' decisions to vaccinate children and governments' willingness to adopt policies that prevent climate change. Pseudoscience often mimics science, using the superficial language and trappings of actual scientific research to seem more respectable. Even a well-informed public can be taken in by such questionable theories dressed up as science. Pseudoscientific beliefs compete with sound science on the health pages of newspapers for media coverage and in laboratories for research funding. Now more than ever the ability to separate genuine scientific findings from spurious ones is vital, and The Philosophy of Pseudoscience provides ground for philosophers, sociologists, historians, and laypeople to make decisions about what science is or isn't.

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Cover

Title Page

Contents

Introduction: Why the Demarcation Problem Matters

Part I. What’s the Problem with the Demarcation Problem?

1. The Demarcation Problem: A (Belated) Response to Laudan

2. Science and Pseudoscience: How to Demarcate after the (Alleged) Demise of the Demarcation Problem

3. Toward a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience

4. Defining Pseudoscience and Science

5. Loki’s Wager and Laudan’s Error: On Genuine and Territorial Demarcation

Part II. History and Sociology of Pseudoscience

6. The Problem of Demarcation: History and Future

7. Science, Pseudoscience, and Science Falsely So-Called

8. Paranormalism and Pseudoscience as Deviance

9. Belief Buddies versus Critical Communities: The Social Organization of Pseudoscience

Part III. The Borderlands between Science and Pseudoscience

10. Science and the Messy, Uncontrollable World of Nature

11. Science and Pseudoscience: The Difference in Practice and the Difference It Makes

12. Evolution: From Pseudoscience to Popular Science, from Popular Science to Professional Science

Part IV. Science and the Supernatural

13. Is a Science of the Supernatural Possible?

14. Navigating the Landscape between Science and Religious Pseudoscience: Can Hume Help?

Part V. True Believers and Their Tactics

15. Argumentation and Pseudoscience: The Case for an Ethics of Argumentation

16. Why Alternative Medicine Can Be Scientifically Evaluated: Countering the Evasions of Pseudoscience

17. Pseudoscience: The Case of Freud’s Sexual Etiology of the Neuroses

18. The Holocaust Denier’s Playbook and the Tobacco Smokescreen: Common Threads in the Thinking and Tactics of Denialists and Pseudoscientists

Part VI. The Cognitive Roots of Pseudoscience

19. Evolved to Be Irrational?: Evolutionary and Cognitive Foundations of Pseudosciences

20. Werewolves in Scientists’ Clothing: Understanding Pseudoscientific Cognition

21. The Salem Region: Two Mindsets about Science

22. Pseudoscience and Idiosyncratic Theories of Rational Belief

23. Agentive Thinking and Illusions of Understanding

Notes

Contributors

Index

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