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INTRODUCTORY NOTES
HISTORY
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
THE LEADERSHIP OF GREECE
THE DOMINATION OF ROME
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE JEWS
THE CHRISTIANIZING OF ROME
THE FALL OF ROME
THE RISE OF ISLAM
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM
THE RENAISSANCE
FRANCE AND ENGLAND
SPAIN AND THE HOUSE OF HAPSBURG
THE FOUNDING OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE
MODERN EUROPE
II. ANCIENT HISTORY
THE INDIVIDUALISM OF GREECE
SPARTA—ATHENS—THEBES
MACEDON
THE RISE OF ROME
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF JULIUS AND AUGUSTUS CæSAR
III. THE RENAISSANCE
THE INDIVIDUALISM OF THE RENAISSANCE
THE REVIVAL OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
THE RENAISSANCE CURIOSITY
THE AGE OF DISCOVERY
THE WORSHIP OF BEAUTY
IV. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
THE CONTRASTS OF THE REVOLUTION
HISTORIES OF THE REVOLUTION
THE REVOLUTION OF IDEAS
VOLTAIRE’S DARING
AN ENGLISH VIEW OF THE REVOLUTION
BURKE ON MARIE ANTOINETTE
V. THE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
THE BOUNDARIES OF THE NEW NATION
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MISSISSIPPI
EXTENSION OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
ACQUISITION OF FLORIDA AND TEXAS
TO THE PACIFIC
THE ISLAND POSSESSIONS AND THE PANAMA CANAL
POETRY
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
THE ORIGIN AND COURSE OF NARRATIVE POETRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMITIVE POETRY
THE GROWTH OF INDIVIDUALISM
THE RISE OF THE LYRIC
THE SCOPE OF THE LYRIC
THE ELEMENTS OF POETIC FORM
THE NATURE AND SOURCE OF RHYTHM
THE EFFECT OF RHYTHM
THE WORD-ELEMENT IN POETRY
THE ONENESS OF CONTENT AND FORM
II. HOMER AND THE EPIC
THE PREDECESSORS OF HOMER
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EPIC
THE TROY OF HISTORY
THE STRUCTURE OF THE “ODYSSEY”
THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE HOMERIC POEMS
III. DANTE
THE PLAN OF THE “DIVINE COMEDY”
THE MEDIÆVAL VIEW OF THE WORLD
THE LEARNING AND LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS OF DANTE
LITERARY FASHIONS OF THE MIDDLE AGES
DANTE’S CONCEPTION OF LOVE
IV. THE POEMS OF JOHN MILTON
THE SOURCES OF MILTON’S GREATNESS
MILTON AS PROPHET
THE THEME OF “PARADISE LOST”
MILTON’S VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
V. THE ENGLISH ANTHOLOGY
THE KINDS OF POETRY
NATURAL SCIENCE
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANCIENT SCIENCE
RISE OF MODERN SCIENCE
NEWTON’S “PRINCIPIA”
HARVEY AND THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
THE ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH
SCIENCE AND THE STATE
THE GROWTH OF SPECIALIZATION
THE UNIFICATIONS OF SCIENCE
II. ASTRONOMY
HIPPARCHUS AND THE PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM
THE COPERNICAN THEORY
GALILEO AND NEWTON
SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
III. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF ARCHIMEDES
LAVOISIER AND THE RISE OF MODERN CHEMISTRY
THE WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT
THE WORK OF FARADAY
IV. THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
THE QUESTION OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
THE CELL THEORY AND FERMENTATION
IMPORTANCE OF THE WORK OF PASTEUR
TOXINS, ANTITOXINS, AND IMMUNITY
V. KELVIN ON “LIGHT” AND “THE TIDES”
THE ESSAYS AS STATEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS
THE ESSAYS AS EXAMPLES OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE MERE OBSERVER versus THE THEORIZER
THE ESSAYS AS MODELS OF EXPOSITION
PHILOSOPHY
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PHILOSOPHY AND EFFICIENCY
PHILOSOPHY AND COMMON SENSE
PHILOSOPHY AND THE PRACTICAL
PHILOSOPHY AND GENERALIZATION
PHILOSOPHY AND THE TANGIBLE
OUR UNCONSCIOUS PHILOSOPHIZING
DOUBT
PHILOSOPHY AND ART
PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE
THE PROBLEM OF ETHICS
THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
METAPHYSICS
THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE
II. SOCRATES, PLATO, AND THE ROMAN STOICS
SOCRATES AND ANAXAGORAS
SOCRATES AND THE PYTHAGOREANS
THE MISSION OF SOCRATES
SOCRATES AND PLATO
ZENO AND STOICISM
THE ROMAN STOICS
III. THE RISE OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY
THE COPERNICAN DISCOVERY
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GALILEO
MODERN EMPIRICISM
MODERN RATIONALISM
IV. INTRODUCTION TO KANT
REVOLT AGAINST PURE EMPIRICISM AND PURE RATIONALISM
REASSERTION OF THE SPIRITUAL
THE KANTIAN REVOLUTION
THE SPHERE OF THE WILL
THE FOLLOWERS OF KANT
V. EMERSON
EMERSON AS LAY PREACHER
EMERSON AND CALVINISM
THE OVER-SOUL
NATURE
THE PAST
SOCIETY
EMERSON’S UNIVERSALITY
HIS STYLE
BIOGRAPHY
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
BIOGRAPHY NOT MERE EULOGY
THE PLEASURE OF BIOGRAPHY
THE DIFFICULTY OF BIOGRAPHICAL WRITINGC
CULTIVATING THE TASTE FOR BIOGRAPHY
THE VARIETY OF BIOGRAPHY
DR. JOHNSON AND HIS CIRCLE
THE VALUE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHY
THE RELATION OF BIOGRAPHY TO HISTORY
THE RELATION OF BIOGRAPHY TO FICTION
THE ART OF BIOGRAPHY
II. PLUTARCH
PLUTARCH’S SUPERSTITION
HIS CURIOSITY AND HIS PATRIOTISM
SCIENTIFIC AND PHILOSOPHIC BIOGRAPHY IN ANTIQUITY
PLUTARCH’S OWN CONTRIBUTION TO HIS “LIVES”
III. BENVENUTO CELLINI
CELLINI AS A TYPE OF RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM
THE CORRECTNESS OF HIS ESTIMATE OF HIMSELF
CELLINI’s MORALITY
VALUE OF THE “AUTOBIOGRAPHY”
IV. FRANKLIN AND WOOLMAN
THE BREAKING DOWN OF PURITANISM
FRANKLIN’S METHODS IN LITERATURE AND SCIENCE
FRANKLIN IN POLITICS
FRANKLIN’S MORALS AND RELIGION
JOHN WOOLMAN’S RELIGION
WOOLMAN AND SLAVERY
V. JOHN STUART MILL
THE SUPPOSED ADVANTAGES OF PRECOCITY
THE DEFECTS OF MILL’S EDUCATION
THE STARVING OF EMOTION
MILL’S CONTRIBUTION TO UTILITARIANISM AND LIBERALISM
PROSE FICTION
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
EARLY FORMS OF FICTION
THE RISE OF THE NOVEL
NOVEL AND DRAMA
DEFOE AND RICHARDSON
FIELDING, SMOLLETT, STERNE, GOLDSMITH
FICTION IN THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT
GENTEEL REALISM—THE NOVEL OF MANNERS
THE GREATER VICTORIANS
SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE NOVEL
THE PURPOSE OF FICTION
THE NOVEL WITH A PURPOSE
KINDS OF REALISM
ARTISTIC VERSUS LITERAL TRUTH
THE AUTHOR’S PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
DEFENSE OF THE NOVEL WITH A PURPOSE
THE VALUE OF FICTION
THE METHODS OF FICTION
II. POPULAR PROSE FICTIONBY PROFESSOR F. N. ROBINSON
THE MEANING OF “POPULAR”
THE MODERN TASTE FOR POPULAR LITERATURE
INFLUENCE OF POPULAR UPON ARTISTIC LITERATURE
CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULAR NARRATIVE
III. MALORY
LEGEND AND ROMANCE
THE HISTORICAL AND THE LEGENDARY ARTHUR
THE HISTORY OF THE GRAIL LEGEND
IV. CERVANTES
LITERARY ACTIVITY OF CERVANTES
THE EXEMPLARY TALES
THE PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF “DON QUIXOTE”
V. MANZONI
LIFE OF MANZONI
MANZONI AS A POET AND CRITIC
I PROMESSI SPOSI
CRITICISM AND THE ESSAY
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF THE ESSAY IN LITERARY CRITICISM
WHAT IS AN ESSAY?
THE CRITICAL ESSAY
NATIONAL CHARACTER IN THE ESSAY
THE HISTORY OF THE WORD “ESSAY”
THE FIRST MODERN ESSAYISTS
THE ANTIQUITY OF THE ESSAY
EFFECT OF THE RENAISSANCE ON THE ESSAY
THE BOOKISH ESSAY
THE ESSAY AS EXPRESSIVE OF CURIOSITY ABOUT LIFE
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
ESSAYS AS HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
ARISTOTLE AND THE CRITICAL ESSAY
CRITICAL TRADITION AND THE ESSAY
TYPES OF CRITICISM
THE UNION AND MERGING OF TYPES OF CRITICISM
II. WHAT THE MIDDLE AGES READ
THE EVIDENCE AS TO MEDIÆVAL TASTE IN LITERATURE
THE PREPONDERANCE OF DIDACTIC LITERATURE
THE GOLDEN LEGEND
LITERATURE OF ENTERTAINMENT
THE TROJAN LEGEND AND THE ÆNEID
CAXTON ON MALORY
III. THEORIES OF POETRY
SIR PHILIP SIDNEY
DRYDEN AS CRITIC
WORDSWORTH AND COLERIDGE
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
EDGAR ALLAN POE
WHITMAN ON AMERICA AND POETRY
MATTHEW ARNOLD
IV. ÆSTHETIC CRITICISM IN GERMANY
THE RISE OF ÆSTHETIC CRITICISM
LESSING
BURKE
BAUMGARTEN
SCHILLER
V. THE COMPOSITION OF A CRITICISM
A DOMINANT IDEA
METHODICAL ARRANGEMENT
ILLUSTRATIONS
COMPARISON AND CONFLICT OF OPINION
EDUCATION
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
THE SOCIAL NATURE OF THE MODERN IDEAL
THE EDUCATIONAL PROBLEM CONCRETE, NOT ABSTRACT
RELATIVE NATURE OF “THE FUNDAMENTALS”
THE AIM OF EDUCATION SOCIALLY CONSIDERED
EDUCATION AND FREEDOM
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
THE NEED FOR GENERAL EDUCATION
ECONOMIC PRESSURE IN EDUCATION
THE LINE OF ADVANCE IN EDUCATION
(a) IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
(b) IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
(c) IN THE COLLEGE
II. FRANCIS BACON
BACON NOT PREOCCUPIED WITH SCIENCE
DISTINCTION BETWEEN HIS ESSAYS AND HIS OTHER WORKS
BACON NOT A CYNIC
BACON AS A PRACTICAL ADVISER
HOW BACON TRAINS THE MIND
HIS ESPECIAL SERVICE TO-DAY
III. LOCKE AND MILTON
COMENIUS AND “THE GREAT DIDACTIC”
SCOPE OF THE TREATISES OF LOCKE AND MILTON
MILTON ON AIM AND METHOD IN EDUCATION
LOCKE ON THE EDUCATION OF A GENTLEMAN
IV. CARLYLE AND NEWMAN
NEWMAN AND THE OXFORD MOVEMENT
CARLYLE AND HIS TEACHING
THE DOCTRINE OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
V. HUXLEY ON SCIENCE AND CULTURE
HUXLEY’s OPPONENTS: (1) THE BUSINESS MEN
(2) THE CLASSICAL TRADITION
(3) THE THEOLOGIANS
HUXLEY’S APPEAL TO THE BUSINESS WORLD
HIS APPEAL TO THE UNIVERSITY MEN
HIS STYLE AND PERSONALITY
POLITICAL SCIENCEI. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
EARLY CONCEPTIONS OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS
MERCANTILISTS AND PHYSIOCRATS
THE MEANING OF WEALTH
THE MEANING OF ECONOMY
THE LAW OF VARIABLE PROPORTIONS
THE CONFLICT OF INTERESTS BETWEEN MAN AND MAN
THE CONFLICT OF MAN WITH NATURE
THE INTERNAL CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
THE PROBLEM OF EVIL
THE ORIGIN OF INSTITUTIONS
THE FUNDAMENTAL POSITION OF ECONOMICS
ECONOMIC COMPETITION
II. THEORIES OF GOVERNMENT IN THE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCE SPIRIT IN MACHIAVELLI AND MORE
CONTRAST IN METHOD
MACHIAVELLI’S LIMITATIONS
THE IMAGINARY COMMONWEALTH AS A FORM OF POLITICAL CRITICISM
THE “UTOPIA” AND MODERN CONDITIONS
III. ADAM SMITH AND “THE WEALTH OF NATIONS”
THE UNDERLYING THEORY OF SMITH’S PHILOSOPHY
HIS CONCEPTION OF WEALTH AND OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION
THE NATURE AND USE OF CAPITAL
HIS THEORY OF TRADE
PUBLIC FINANCE
IV. THE GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
THE BREACH WITH ENGLAND
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
STRENGTHENING THE UNION; TERRITORIAL EXPANSION; AND FOREIGN POLICY
V. LAW AND LIBERTY
THE AIM OF LAW (1) IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES
(2) IN GREECE AND ROME
(3) BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFORMATION
REASON AND NATURAL RIGHTS
THE MODERN SOCIAL POINT OF VIEW
DRAMA
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
THE DRAMA AND PUBLIC TASTE
HOW TO READ A PLAY
THE ESSENTIALS OF DRAMA
THE NATURE OF TRAGEDY
MELODRAMA
THE STORY PLAY
HIGH COMEDY, LOW COMEDY, AND FARCE
SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF DRAMA
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY IN THE DRAMA
THE MENACE OF VAUDEVILLE AND MOVING PICTURES
THE DRAMA IN MODERN EDUCATION
HOW THE LEVEL OF DRAMATIC ART IS DETERMINED
THE INFLUENCE OF THE STAGE ON THE DRAMA
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN STAGE
THE COSMOPOLITANISM OF MODERN DRAMA
II. GREEK TRAGEDY
THE ORIGIN OF DRAMA IN GREECE
THE FIRST THEATER
ÆSCHYLUS, THE FATHER OF TRAGEDY
SOPHOCLES
EURIPIDES
III. THE ELIZABETHAN DRAMA
THE DRAMA BEFORE SHAKESPEARE
THE CHRONICLE HISTORY
ELIZABETHAN TRAGEDY
ELIZABETHAN COMEDY
IV. THE FAUST LEGEND
THE ELIZABETHAN “DOCTOR FAUSTUS”
THE LEGEND IN GERMAN POPULAR DRAMA
THE VERSION OF LESSING
GOETHE’S EARLIER AND LATER TREATMENTS
V. MODERN ENGLISH DRAMA
GOLDSMITH AND “SHE STOOPS TO CONQUER”
SHERIDAN AND “THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL”
DRYDEN AND “ALL FOR LOVE”
SHELLEY AND “THE CENCI”
BYRON AND “MANFRED”
BROWNING AND “A BLOT IN THE ’SCUTCHEON”
VOYAGES AND TRAVEL
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PREHISTORIC TRAVEL
THE MOTIVE OF THE TRUE EXPLORER
THE MOTIVE OF CONQUEST
THE MOTIVE OF RELIGION
THE COMMERCIAL MOTIVE
THE SCIENTIFIC MOTIVE
THE FIRST PERIOD OF RECORDED TRAVEL
THE SECOND PERIOD—PILGRIMS AND MISSIONARIES
MOHAMMEDAN PROPAGANDA
THE VIKINGS AND THE CRUSADERS
THE EXTENSION OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE
THE ROUTE TO THE INDIES
THE EPOCH OF AMERICAN EXPLORATION
THE PERIOD OF SCIENTIFIC TRAVEL
METHODS OF TRAVEL
THE PLEASURES AND PROFITS OF TRAVEL
II. HERODOTUS ON EGYPT
THE SUBJECT OF THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS
THE RANGE AND PURPOSE OF HIS TRAVELS
THE VERACITY OF HERODOTUS
THE RELIGIOUS ELEMENT IN HERODOTUS
III. THE ELIZABETHAN ADVENTURERS
THE EXPANSION OF ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
THE SPANISH MAIN
CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOGRAPHY
BEHAVIOR OF THE EXPLORERS
THE STYLE OF THE NARRATIVES
IV. THE ERA OF DISCOVERY
THE VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS
PLANTING NEW NATIONS IN AMERICA
VIRGINIA AND NEW ENGLAND
INTERIOR EXPLORATION AND TRADE
V. DARWIN’S VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE
THE OCCASION OF THE VOYAGE
THE TRAINING OF A NATURALIST
PRACTICAL RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE
SPECULATIVE RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE
RELIGION
I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION
OTHER MEN’S BIBLES
NATURAL versus POSITIVE RELIGION
COMPARATIVE RELIGION
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION
THE ORIGIN OF RELIGION
TYPES OF DEITY
THE IDEA OF A SUPREME DEITY
THE RELIGION OF RENUNCIATION
RELIGION AND SCIENCE
RELIGION AND MORALITY
II. BUDDHISM
THE BIRTHS OF BUDDHA
THE TEACHINGS OF BUDDHA
BUDDHISM AND OTHER RELIGIONS
III. CONFUCIANISM
THE TEACHING OF CONFUCIUS
THE GROWTH OF CONFUCIAN INFLUENCE
IV. GREEK RELIGION
RELIGION IN HOMER AND HESIOD
GROWTH OF PERSONAL RELIGION
RELIGION IN GREEK TRAGEDY
V. PASCAL
PASCAL AND JANSENISM
THE “PROVINCIAL LETTERS”
THE “THOUGHTS”
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