Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS3 - Second Edition电子书

Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS3 Second Edition

Table of Contents

Responsive Web Design with HTML5 and CSS3 Second Edition

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more

Why subscribe?

Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. The Essentials of Responsive Web Design

Beginning our quest

Defining responsive web design

Responsive web design in a nutshell

Setting browser support levels

A brief note on tooling and text editors

Our first responsive example

Our basic HTML file

Taming images

Enter media queries

Amending the example for a larger screen

The shortcomings of our example

Summary

2. Media Queries – Supporting Differing Viewports

Why media queries are needed for a responsive web design

Basic conditional logic in CSS

Media query syntax

Media queries in link tags

Combining media queries

Media queries with @import

Media queries in CSS

What can media queries test for?

Using media queries to alter a design

Any CSS can be wrapped in a media query

Media queries for HiDPI devices

Considerations for organizing and authoring media queries

Linking to different CSS files with media queries

The practicalities of separating media queries

Nesting media queries 'inline'

Combine media queries or write them where it suits?

The viewport meta tag

Media Queries Level 4

Scripting media feature

Interaction media features

The hover media feature

Environment media features

Summary

3. Fluid Layouts and Responsive Images

Converting a fixed pixel design to a fluid proportional layout

Why do we need Flexbox?

Inline block and whitespace

Floats

Table and table-cell

Introducing Flexbox

The bumpy path to Flexbox

Browser support for Flexbox

Leave prefixing to someone else

Choosing your auto-prefixing solution

Getting Flexy

Perfect vertically centered text

Offset items

Reverse the order of items

How about if we want them laid out vertically instead?

Column reverse

Different Flexbox layouts inside different media queries

Inline-flex

Flexbox alignment properties

The align-items property

The align-self property

Possible alignment values

The justify-content property

The flex property

Simple sticky footer

Changing source order

Wrapping up Flexbox

Responsive images

The intrinsic problem of responsive images

Simple resolution switching with srcset

Advanced switching with srcset and sizes

Did you say the browser 'might' pick one image over another?

Art direction with the picture element

Facilitate new-fangled image formats

Summary

4. HTML5 for Responsive Web Designs

HTML5 markup – understood by all modern browsers

Starting an HTML5 page the right way

The doctype

The HTML tag and lang attribute

Specifying alternate languages

Character encoding

Easy-going HTML5

A sensible approach to HTML5 markup

All hail the mighty <a> tag

New semantic elements in HTML5

The <main> element

The <section> element

The <nav> element

The <article> element

The <aside> element

The <figure> and <figcaption> elements

The <details> and <summary> elements

The <header> element

The <footer> element

The <address> element

A note on h1-h6 elements

HTML5 text-level semantics

The <b> element

The <em> element

The <i> element

Obsolete HTML features

Putting HTML5 elements to use

Applying common sense to your element selection

WCAG and WAI-ARIA for more accessible web applications

WCAG

WAI-ARIA

Don't use roles for semantic elements

If you only remember one thing

Taking ARIA further

Embedding media in HTML5

Adding video and audio the HTML5 way

Fallback capability for older browsers

Audio and video tags work almost identically

Responsive HTML5 video and iFrames

A note about 'offline first'

Summary

5. CSS3 – Selectors, Typography, Color Modes, and New Features

No one knows it all

Anatomy of a CSS rule

Quick and useful CSS tricks

CSS multi-column layouts for responsive designs

Fixed columns, variable width

Adding a gap and column divider

Word wrapping

Text ellipsis

Creating horizontal scrolling panels

Facilitating feature forks in CSS

Feature queries

Combining conditionals

Modernizr

Feature detection with Modernizr

New CSS3 selectors and how to use them

CSS3 attribute selectors

CSS3 substring matching attribute selectors

The 'beginning with' substring matching attribute selector

The 'contains an instance of' substring matching attribute selector

The 'ends with' substring matching attribute selector

Gotchas with attribute selection

Attribute selectors allow you to select IDs and classes that start with numbers

CSS3 structural pseudo-classes

The :last-child selector

The nth-child selectors

Understanding what nth rules do

Breaking down the math

nth-based selection in responsive web designs

The negation (:not) selector

The empty (:empty) selector

Do something with the :first-line regardless of viewport

CSS custom properties and variables

CSS calc

CSS Level 4 selectors

The :has pseudo class

Responsive viewport-percentage lengths (vmax, vmin, vh, vw)

Web typography

The @font-face CSS rule

Implementing web fonts with @font-face

A note about custom @font-face typography and responsive designs

New CSS3 color formats and alpha transparency

RGB color

HSL color

Alpha channels

Color manipulation with CSS Color Module Level 4

Summary

6. Stunning Aesthetics with CSS3

Text shadows with CSS3

Omitting the blur value when not needed

Multiple text shadows

Box shadows

An inset shadow

Multiple shadows

Understanding spread

Background gradients

The linear-gradient notation

Specifying gradient direction

Color stops

Adding fallback for older browsers

Radial background gradients

Breakdown of the radial-gradient syntax

Handy 'extent' keywords for responsive sizing

Repeating gradients

Background gradient patterns

Multiple background images

Background size

Background position

Background shorthand

High-resolution background images

CSS filters

Available CSS filters

Combining CSS filters

A warning on CSS performance

A note on CSS masks and clipping

Summary

7. Using SVGs for Resolution Independence

A brief history of SVG

The graphic that is a document

The root SVG element

Namespace

The title and desc tags

The defs tag

The g element

SVG shapes

SVG paths

Creating SVGs with popular image editing packages and services

Save time with SVG icon services

Inserting SVGs into your web pages

Using an img tag

Using an object tag

Insert an SVG as a background image

A brief aside on data URIs

Generating image sprites

Inserting an SVG inline

Re-using graphical objects from symbols

Inline SVGs allow different colors in different contexts

Make dual-tone icons that inherit the color of their parent

Re-using graphical objects from external sources

What you can do with each SVG insertion method (inline, object, background-image, and img)

Browser schisms

Extra SVG capabilities and oddities

SMIL animation

The end of SMIL

Styling an SVG with an external style sheet

Styling an SVG with internal styles

SVG properties and values within CSS

Animate an SVG with CSS

Animating SVG with JavaScript

A simple example of animating an SVG with GreenSock

Optimising SVGs

Using SVGs as filters

A note on media queries inside SVGs

Implementation tips

Further resources

Summary

8. Transitions, Transformations, and Animations

What CSS3 transitions are and how we can use them

The properties of a transition

The transition shorthand property

Transition different properties over different periods of time

Understanding timing functions

Fun transitions for responsive websites

CSS3 2D transforms

Scale

Translate

Using translate to center absolutely positioned elements

Rotate

Skew

Matrix

Matrix transformations for cheats and dunces

The transform-origin property

CSS3 3D transformations

The transform3d property

Use transforms with progressive enhancement

Animating with CSS3

The animation-fill-mode property

Summary

9. Conquer Forms with HTML5 and CSS3

HTML5 forms

Understanding the component parts of HTML5 forms

placeholder

Styling the placeholder text

required

autofocus

autocomplete

List and the associated datalist element

HTML5 input types

email

number

min and max ranges

Changing the step increments

url

tel

search

pattern

color

Date and time inputs

date

month

week

time

range

How to polyfill non-supporting browsers

Styling HTML5 forms with CSS3

Indicating required fields

Creating a background fill effect

Summary

10. Approaching a Responsive Web Design

Get designs in the browser as soon as possible

Let the design dictate the breakpoints

View and use the design on real devices

Embracing progressive enhancement

Defining a browser support matrix

Functional parity, not aesthetic parity

Choosing the browsers to support

Tiering the user experience

Practically delivering experience tiers

Linking CSS breakpoints to JavaScript

Avoid CSS frameworks in production

Coding pragmatic solutions

When a link becomes a button

Use the simplest code possible

Hiding, showing, and loading content across viewports

Let CSS do the (visual) heavy lifting

Validators and linting tools

Performance

The next big things

Summary

Index