Nginx Troubleshooting电子书

Nginx Troubleshooting

Table of Contents

Nginx Troubleshooting

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

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Why subscribe?

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Searching for Problems in Nginx Configuration

Introducing basic configuration syntax, directives, and testing

Simple directives

Multiline directives

Include directive

Testing Nginx configuration

The default configuration directory layout

A quick example of modifying the MIME types registry

Default nginx.conf

The http directive

Common mistakes in configuration

Semicolons and newlines

File permissions

Variables

Regular expressions

Summary

2. Searching for Problems in Log Files

Configuring Nginx logging

Logging POST requests

Conditional logging

Logging big request bodies

Creating infrastructure around logs

Configuring log rotation

Working with a lot of log data

Reading logs

Error log record

Summary

3. Troubleshooting Functionality

Processing a complain

Rolling back

Keeping Nginx configuration under source control

Keeping a case journal

Performing the simplest test

Performing the Internet connection test

Testing the general HTTP response traffic

Detecting a lying application

Working around an integration failure

The try_files directive

Setting up automatic removal from upstream

Configuring the good old SSI

Planning for more complete monitoring

Processing a situation of no traffic

Restarting Nginx properly

Investigating lower than usual traffic

Summary

4. Optimizing Website Performance

Why Nginx is so fast?

Optimizing individual upstreams

Optimizing static files

Optimizing PHP backends

Java backends

Optimizing Python and Ruby backends

Optimizing Perl backends

Using thread pools in Nginx

The caching layer of Nginx

Emitting caching headers

Caching in Nginx upstream modules

Caching static files

Replacing external redirects with internal ones

Summary

5. Troubleshooting Rare Specific Problems

Security warnings

Domain name mismatch

Expired certificates

Insecure warnings for valid certificates

The mixed – content warning

Building a secure proxy for the external content

Solving problems with cache

Obsolete pages and VirtualBox

Apache migration problems

Solving problems with WebSockets

Showing a file upload progress bar

Solving the problem of an idle upstream

Summary

6. Monitoring Nginx

Using ngxtop

Getting statistics from http_stub_status

Monitoring Nginx with Munin

Configuring alerts

Getting more status data from Nginx

Using Nginx Plus alternatives

nginx-module-vts

Luameter

nginx-lua-stats

The upsteam_check module in tengine

The requests/sec patch by Catap

The Ustats module

Summary

7. Going Forward with Nginx

System administration

Linux/Unix operating system as a whole

Modern Internet protocols

Specific backend software used in your company

Modern cloud platforms

Automation

Software development

Summary

A. Rare Nginx Error Messages

Index