Personal Knowledge电子书

Cover

Copyright

Title Page

Dedication

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part One: The Art of Knowing

1. Objectivity

1. The lesson of the Copernican revolution

2. The growth of mechanism

3. Relativity

4. Objectivity and modern physics

2. Probability

1. Programme

2. Unambiguous statements

3. Probability statements

4. Probability of propositions

5. The nature of assertions

6. Maxims

7. Grading of confidence

3. Order

1. Chance and order

2. Randomness and significant pattern

3. The Law of chemical proportions

4. Crystallography

4. Skills

1. The practice of skills

2. Destructive analysis

3. Tradition

4. Connoisseurship

5. Two kinds of awareness

6. Wholes and meanings

7. Tools and frameworks

8. Commitment

9. Unspeciflability

10. Summary

Part Two: The Tacit Component

5. Articulation

1. Introduction

2. Inarticulate intelligence

3. Operational principles of language

4. The powers of articulate thought

5. Thought and speech. I. Text and meaning

6. Forms of tacit assent

7. Thought and speech. II. Conceptual decisions

8. The educated mind

9. The re-interpretation of language

10. Understanding logical operations

11. Introduction to problem-solving

12. Mathematical heuristics

6. Intellectual Passions

1. Sign-posting

2. Scientific value

3. Heuristic passion

4. Elegance and beauty

5. Scientific controversy

6. The premisses of science

7. Passions, private and public

8. Science and technology

9. Mathematics

10. The affirmation of mathematics

11. Axiomatization of mathematics

12. The abstract arts

13. Dwelling in and breaking out

7. Conviviality

1. Introduction

2. Communication

3. Transmission of social lore

4. Pure conviviality

5. The organization of society

6. Two kinds of culture

7. Administration of individual culture

8. Administration of civic culture

9. Naked power

10. Power politics

11. The magic of Marxism

12. Spurious forms of moral inversion

13. The temptation of the intellectuals

14. Marxist-Leninist epistemology

15. Matters of fact

16. Post-Marxian liberalism

Part Three: The Justification of Personal Knowledge

8. The Logic of Affirmation

1. Introduction

2. The confident use of language

3. The questioning of descriptive terms

4. Precision

5. The personal mode of meaning

6. Assertions of fact

7. Towards an epistemology of Personal Knowledge

8. Inference

9. Automation in general

10. Neurology and psychology

11. On being critical

12. The fiduciary programme

9. The Critique of Doubt

1. The doctrine of doubt

2. Equivalence of belief and doubt

3. Reasonable and unreasonable doubt

4. Scepticism within the natural sciences

5. Is doubt a heuristic principle?

6. Agnostic doubt in courts of law

7. Religious doubt

8. Implicit beliefs

9. Three aspects of stability

10. The stability of scientific beliefs

11. Universal doubt

10. Commitment

1. Fundamental beliefs

2. The subjective, the personal and the universal

3. The coherence of commitment

4. Evasion of commitment

5. The structure of commitment: I

6. The structure of commitment: II

7. Indeterminacy and self-reliance

8. Existential aspects of commitment

9. Varieties of commitment

10. Acceptance of calling

Part Four: Knowing and Being

11. The Logic of Achievement

1. Introduction

2. Rules of rightness

3. Causes and reasons

4. Logic and psychology

5. Originality in animals

6. Explanations of equipotentiality

7. Logical levels

12. Knowing Life

1. Introduction

2. Trueness to type

3. Morphogenesis

4. Living machinery

5. Action and perception

6. Learning

7. Learning and induction

8. Human knowledge

9. Superior knowledge

10. At the point of confluence

13. The Rise of Man

1. Introduction

2. Is evolution an achievement?

3. Randomness, an example of emergence

4. The logic of emergence

5. Conception of a generalized field

6. The emergence of machine-like operations

7. First causes and ultimate ends

Notes

Index