CompTIA Server+ Certification Guide电子书

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CompTIA Server+ Certification Guide

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Preface

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Section 1: System Architecture

Server Hardware

Server roles

Application servers

Database servers

Directory servers

File servers

Mail servers

Messaging servers

Network services servers

Print servers

Proxy server

Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)

Virtual server

Form factors

Tower servers

Rack mounts

Blade technology

Server power systems

Electrical power

AC versus DC / 110V versus 230V

Wye and delta

Negative 48V

One phase versus three phases

PSU

Wattage

The 80-plus certification

Selecting the right PSU

Redundancy

System heat

Cooling systems

Air cooling and air flow

Summary

Questions

Server Internals

CPUs

Multiprocessors

Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP) versus Asymmetrical Multiprocessing (ASMP)

SIMD, MISD, and MIMD

Multiple core processing

CPU packages and sockets

Cache memory

CPU cache memory

CPU cache memory levels

Write-back/write-through cache

Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) servers

CPU multiplier

CPU stepping

Main memory

RAM

Double Data Rate (DDR) RAM

RAM packaging

Memory timing

Error-correction code (ECC) versus non-ECC

Dual channel memory

Color-coded RAM slots

Buses, channels, and expansion slots

Bus width

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus

PCI size and fit standards

PCI conventional

PCI-e

Expansion cards

Network interface controller (NIC)

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller

Riser cards

USB interface and port

Configuration

BIOS

UEFI

Summary

Questions

Data Storage

Data storage devices and their specifications

Hard drive specifications

Form factors

Small form factor (SFF)

Large form factor (LFF)

HDD specification and configuration

Disk capacity – decimal versus binary

Hard disk drive (HDD) versus solid-state drive (SSD)

SSD specification and configuration

Hard disk interfaces

Data storage systems

Direct-attached storage (DAS)

Network-attached storage (NAS)

Storage area network (SAN)

SAN fabric

SAN communications

Logical Unit Number (LUN) zoning and masking

Filesystem

Operating systems and filesystems

File sharing

RAID

Striping and mirroring

RAID levels

RAID implementation

Disk quotas

Disk compression

High availability (HA)

The nines

Fault tolerance

Replacing failed components

Disk storage capacity planning

Other storage devices

Magnetic tape

Optical storage

Summary

Questions

Server Operating Systems

The network server

Server functions

Network server operating systems

Operating system (OS) functions

User/computer communications

Memory management

Dynamic loading and linking

Memory allocation

Control and coordination of hardware

The use of system resources

Internal and network file management

User, data, application, and resource security

Hardware configuration

The primary parts of an OS

The OS and hardware

Boot sequence

Firmware

Preparing a disk for the OS

Filesystems

Formatting

Filesystems by OS

Journaling

Special function filesystems

Network configuration

Configuring the hostname

Configuring a hostname on Windows Server

Configuring a hostname on a Linux server

User accounts

Creating a local user account

Creating a domain user account

Adding a workstation to a domain

Connecting to a network

Connecting a PC to a network

Adding server roles and features

Unattended and remote installations

NOS optimization

Summary

Questions

Addressing

IP addressing

IP version 4

The IPv4 address structure

Classful IP addressing

LAN addressing

Private IP addresses

Network and host IDs

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Collision domains

Broadcast domains

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

Subnetting

Subnets and hosts

Subnet masks

Network and broadcast addresses

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

The IPv6 address structure

Reserved prefixes

IPv6 address compression

IPv6 leading zero compression

IPv6 network ID

Address categories

MAC addressing

Address resolution

ARP

DNS

DNS search

Domain suffix

The Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)

Ports and protocols

Well-known ports

Registered ports

Summary

Questions

Cabling

Copper cabling

Twisted-pair cabling

Coaxial cabling

Network connectors

EIA/TIA 568 facility standards

Category cabling

Ethernet cable standards

Fiber-optic cabling

Fiber-optic cable modes

SM fiber-optic cable

MM fiber-optic cable

Fiber-optic cable connectors

Network cable installation

Summary

Questions

Section 2: Administration

Server Administration

Hardware administration

Network administration

Configuring, updating, and maintaining network hardware

KVM interfaces

Serial interfaces

Network-based hardware administration

Network-based operating system administration

Asset management

Information Technology Asset Management (ITAM)

IT life cycle asset management

Additional ITAM terms

System documentation

Service manuals

System and network documentation

System diagrams

System documentation

Other documents and documentation

Storing sensitive documentation

Summary

Questions

Server Maintenance

Change and patch management

Change control process

Patch management

OS updates

Device driver updates

Firmware updates

Hardware maintenance

Server monitoring systems

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) server status indicator

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) messages

Beep codes

Replace failed components

Preventive maintenance

Fault tolerance and high availability

Clustering

Active/active versus active/passive clusters

Load balancing

Heartbeat

Hot and not hot

Hot swap

Non-hot swap

Service level agreements (SLA)

Summary

Questions

Virtualization

Virtual networking

Virtual network components

Virtual devices

Virtual servers

Hypervisors

Hosts and guests

Virtual machine (VM)

Hardware configuration for a virtual environment

Virtual resource allocation

Network connectivity

Virtual internetworking devices

Summary

Questions

Disaster Recovery

Business continuity plan (BCP)

BIA

Risk assessment

Continuity of operations

DRP

Recovery plans

Recovery sites

Replication and backup

Data replication

Synchronous and asynchronous

Replication methods

Data backup

Archive bit

Backup methods

Data versus OS restore

Backup media

Media storage

Backup media integrity

Backup media retention

Summary

Questions

Section 3: Security

Security Systems and Protocols

Security zones

Firewall zones

Demilitarized zone (DMZ)

Browser zones

Security devices

Authentication protocols

Authentication methods

Point-to-point authentication protocols

AAA authentication protocols

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)

IPSec policies

IPSec modes

Port security

Port-based security

IEEE 802.1x

Access control list (ACL)

Router ACLs

Access list content

ACL types

Standard ACLs

Extended ACLs

Other ACL types

ACE types

Wildcard masks

Public key infrastructure (PKI)

PKI features

Encryption and authentication

Virtual private network (VPN)

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Summary

Questions

Physical Security and Environmental Controls

MFA

Passwords

Authentication factors

General physical security concepts

Threats to physical security

Environmental threats

Man-made threats

Site-specific threats

Technical threats

Physical security devices

Environmental controls

Environmental monitoring

Electrical power

Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS)

UPS ratings

Automated shutdown of attached devices

Power distribution

PDU types

PDU ratings

Physical safety issues

Summary

Questions

Logical Security

Access control

Access control criteria

Access control levels

Filesystem access control

Access control to peripherals

Administration access control

Security and distribution groups

Network access control (NAC)

Data encryption

Storage encryption

Data retention and disposal

Erasing a disk

Formatting

Physically destroying a disk drive

Hardening

OS hardening

System hardening

Application hardening

Hardware hardening

Host hardware hardening

Network device hardening

Endpoint security

Summary

Questions

Section 4: Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Methods

Troubleshooting steps

Identifying the problem

Hardware or software?

Hardware problems

Software problems

Establishing a probable cause

Define a plan of action

Verifying functionality

Documenting findings, actions, and outcomes

Summary

Questions

Common Hardware Issues

Hardware problems

Identifying a hardware problem

Common problems

POST failure

Overheating

Processor failure

Memory failure

Motherboard and component issues

Capacitor issues

Burns

USB not recognized

Expansion bus

PSUs

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)

Video display

Other common problems

Environmental issues

Summary

Questions

Common Software Issues

Software problems

Hardware-related software problems

Common operating systems problems

Common problem causes

User Account Control (UAC)

Windows UAC

Access control

Corrupted files

Windows file recovery

Linux file recovery

Hard disk space problems

Lack of system resources

Virtual memory problems

Fragmentation

Printing issues

Log files

Operating system monitoring tools

Summary

Questions

Common Network Issues

Common network problems

Internet connectivity

Configurations

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

APIPA

DHCP addresses

Other misconfigured devices

Email problems

Hosts file configuration

Misconfigured NIC

Routing and switching issues

VLAN configuration errors

Default gateway not available

Firewall failure

Miscellaneous common problems

Troubleshooting tools

ping

tracert/traceroute

ipconfig/ifconfig

nslookup

net use/mount

nbtstat and netstat

Summary

Questions

Common Storage Issues

Data storage device problems

Common HDD problems

Causes of common problems

Media failures

Hard disk media

SSD media

Magnetic tape media

Optical drives

Common storage problems causes

Drive and connector failures

HDD problems

Cable and connector problems

Storage system issues

Software-related failures

Hardware-related issues

Storage array issues

Administrative tools

Disk management

Disk partitioning tools

Map, mount, and net use

Disk arrays

RAID arrays

Storage monitoring tools

Summary

Questions

Common Security Issues

Common data security problems

Causes of common security problems

Security tools

Summary

Questions

CompTIA Server+ Examination

The exam

Registering for the Exam

Preparing for the exam

The certification

Glossary

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Assessment

Chapter 1: Server Hardware

Chapter 2: Server Internals

Chapter 3: Data Storage

Chapter 4: Server Operating Systems

Chapter 5: Addressing

Chapter 6: Cabling

Chapter 7: Server Administration

Chapter 8: Server Maintenance

Chapter 9: Virtualization

Chapter 10: Disaster Recovery

Chapter 11: Security Systems and Protocols

Chapter 12: Physical Security and Environmental Controls

Chapter 13: Logical Security

Chapter 14: Troubleshooting Methods

Chapter 15: Common Hardware Issues

Chapter 16: Common Software Issues

Chapter 17: Common Network Issues

Chapter 18: Common Storage Issues

Chapter 19: Common Security Issues

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