Hepatopulmonary Syndrome 肝肺综合征(英文)电子书

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Contributors

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 History and Epidemiology of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Introduction

History of HPS

Present situation of HPS

Epidemiology

Etiology

Diagnosis

Future of HPS

References

Chapter 2 Defnition and Pathogenesis of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Defnition

Pathogenesis of HPS

IPVD and intrapulmonary shunting

Hypoxemia

Angiogenesis in HPS

Hypoxia pulmonary vascular remodeling (HPVR)

Portopulmonary hypertension

Hemodynamic alterations in HPS

References

Chapter 3 Mechanisms of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Introduction

Molecular alterations of vasoactive substances in the pulmonary vasculature

Intestinal endotoxemia (IETM)

Monocyte/macrophage system

Angiogenesis

Gene polymorphisms

Wall shear stress (WSS)

Intra-abdominal hypertension

Alveolar epithelial compartment

Outlook

References

Chapter 4 Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Clinical Features

Diagnosis

Diagnostic criteria

Pulse oximetry screening

Ultrasonic diagnosis

Pulmonary angiography

Computed tomography (CT)

Pulmonary function studies

Serum markers

Differential diagnosis

Portopulmonary Hypertension with dyspnea

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Atrial septal defects

References

Chapter 5 Treatment Strategies for HepatopuImonary Syndrome

Introduction

Medical therapy

PentoxifyIIine

MethyIene BIue

Norfoxacin

GarIic

MycophenoIate MofetiI

AImitrine BismesyIate

Inhibition of NO Synthesis

Quercetin

Sorafenib

IIoprost

N-AcetyI Cysteine

Conclusion

Interventional radiology

PuImonary Artery EmboIotherapy

Liver transplantation

Liver transpIantation [Iiving donor Iiver transpIantation (LDLT)]summarize

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS)

Pulmonary Artery Embolotherapy

Outlook

References

Chapter 6 AnimaI ModeIs of HepatopuImonary Syndrome

Criteria of animal models for HPS

Evaluation of animal models for HPS

ArteriaI bIood gas anaIysis3

HistoIogy 4

Microsphere 8

RadionucIide scanning 9, 10

FIuorescent-IabeIed microspheres

Available animal models of HPS

AnimaI modeIs that mimic portaI hypertension and cirrhosis but not HPS

AnimaI modeI of port hypertension

Method of PVL

AnimaI modeIs of cirrhosis

Thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhosis

AvaiIabIe animaI modeIs of HPS

The outlook of animal models for HPS

GeneticaIIy Modifed AnimaI ModeIs123

Overexpression of Target Genes

GIobaI Knockout Mice ModeIs

Knock-in ModeIs

Chronic BiIiary Cirrhosis for HPS

Large AnimaI ModeIs for HPS

Conclusions

References

Chapter 7 AvaiIabIe Research Teams and Their Main Contributions

Shih-wen Chang

Michael B. Fallon

Daniel A. De Luis Roman

Binay K. DE

Michael J. Krowka

Lucas SoutoNacif

Giovanni Rolla

Philippe Herve

Stephen L. Archer

Norma PossaMarroni

Huiying Zhang

Kaizhi Lu

References

Abbreviations