Python 3 Object Oriented Programming电子书

Python 3 Object Oriented Programming

Table of Contents

Python 3 Object Oriented Programming

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Object-oriented Design

Object-oriented?

Objects and classes

Specifying attributes and behaviors

Data describes objects

Behaviors are actions

Hiding details and creating the public interface

Composition and inheritance

Inheritance

Inheritance provides abstraction

Multiple inheritance

Case study

Exercises

Summary

2. Objects in Python

Creating Python classes

Adding attributes

Making it do something

Initializing the object

Explaining yourself

Modules and packages

Organizing the modules

Absolute imports

Relative imports

Who can access my data?

Case study

Exercises

Summary

3. When Objects are Alike

Basic inheritance

Extending built-ins

Overriding and super

Multiple inheritance

The diamond problem

Different sets of arguments

Polymorphism

Case study

Exercises

Summary

4. Expecting the Unexpected

Raising exceptions

Raising an exception

What happens when an exception occurs?

Handling exceptions

Exception hierarchy

Defining our own exceptions

Exceptions aren't exceptional

Case study

Exercises

Summary

5. When to Use Object-oriented Programming

Treat objects as objects

Using properties to add behavior to class data

How it works

Decorators: another way to create properties

When should we use properties?

Managing objects

Removing duplicate code

In practice

Or we can use composition

Case study

Exercises

Summary

6. Python Data Structures

Empty objects

Tuples and named tuples

Named tuples

Dictionaries

When should we use dictionaries?

Using defaultdict

Lists

Sorting lists

Sets

Extending built-ins

Case study

Exercises

Summary

7. Python Object-oriented Shortcuts

Python built-in functions

Len

Reversed

Enumerate

Zip

Other functions

Comprehensions

List comprehensions

Set and dictionary comprehensions

Generator expressions

Generators

An alternative to method overloading

Default arguments

Variable argument lists

Unpacking arguments

Functions are objects too

Using functions as attributes

Callable objects

Case study

Exercises

Summary

8. Python Design Patterns I

Design patterns

Decorator pattern

Decorator example

Decorators in Python

Observer pattern

Observer example

Strategy pattern

Strategy example

Strategy in Python

State pattern

State example

State versus strategy

Singleton pattern

Singleton implementation

Module variables can mimic singletons

Template pattern

Template example

Exercises

Summary

9. Python Design Patterns II

Adapter pattern

Facade pattern

Flyweight pattern

Command pattern

Abstract factory pattern

Composite pattern

Exercises

Summary

10. Files and Strings

Strings

String manipulation

String formatting

Escaping braces

Keyword arguments

Container lookups

Object lookups

Making it look right

Strings are Unicode

Converting bytes to text

Converting text to bytes

Mutable byte strings

File IO

Placing it in context

Faking files

Storing objects

Customizing pickles

Serializing web objects

Exercises

Summary

11. Testing Object-oriented Programs

Why test?

Test-driven development

Unit testing

Assertion methods

Additional assertion methods in Python 3.1

Reducing boilerplate and cleaning up

Organizing and running tests

Ignoring broken tests

Testing with py.test

One way to do setup and cleanup

A completely different way to set up variables

Test skipping with py.test

py.test extras

How much testing is enough?

Case Study

Implementing it

Exercises

Summary

12. Common Python 3 Libraries

Database access

Introducing SQLAlchemy

Adding and querying objects

SQL Expression Language

Pretty user interfaces

TkInter

PyQt

Choosing a GUI toolkit

XML

ElementTree

Constructing XML documents

lxml

CherryPy

A full web stack?

Jinja Templating

The CherryPy blog web application

Exercises

Summary

Index