Scratch 1.4: Beginner’s Guide电子书

Scratch 1.4 Beginner's Guide

Table of Contents

Scratch 1.4 Beginner's Guide

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewer

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code for the book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Welcome to Scratch!

What is Scratch?

21st century learning skills

How to use Scratch?

Programming concepts

Programming limitations

Scratch anatomy

Building blocks

Write the script

Watch the story

Built-in image editor

Interface promotes tinkering

Learning Scratch

Welcome to Scratch!

Installation

Start Scratching

Graphics and Slideshows

Storytelling

Arcade Games

Games of Fortune

Math and Finance

Share!

Real-world stimuli

Summary

2. Installation

Install Scratch

Windows

Run Scratch from flash drive

Integrate Scratch with the PortableApps.com suite

Installation on Macintosh

Run Scratch on USB flash drive

Installation on Linux

Troubleshooting

Limitations

Wine and Scratch

Confirm Java install

Customize your Scratch installation

Redistribute Scratch freely

Source code license

Share alike

Summary

3. Start Scratching

The interface at a glance

Time for action – first step

What just happened?

Basics of a Scratch project

We're all actors on Scratch's stage

Pop quiz

Time for action – save your work

Set the cat in motion

Time for action – a big step

What just happened?

Coordinating a sprite's location

Double-click control

Pop quiz

Time for action – in motion forever

What just happened?

Loops play it again

Time for action – get out of the corner

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Undo an action

Pop quiz

Add sprites to the stage

Get new sprites

Time for action – spin sprite spin

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Pop quiz

Sometimes we need inspiration

Browse Scratch's projects

Time for action – spinner

What just happened?

Costume versus background

Time for action – broadcast a message

What just happened?

Broadcast messages coordinate sprites

Pop quiz

Browse the Scratch community

Time for action – create an account

What just happened?

Abide by the terms of use

Time for action – download a project

What just happened?

Creative Commons

Have a go hero

Summary

4. Graphics and Slideshows

Happy birthday wishes

Time for action – paint a happy birthday sprite

What just happened?

Interface design

Set the stage

Time for action – paint the stage

What just happened?

Adding gradients

Have a go hero

Pop quiz

Sprite costumes

Time for action – address the card

What just happened?

Working with sprites

Animating the card

Time for action – hide all sprites

What just happened?

Time for action – display happy birthday

What just happened?

Sprite names

Time for action – roll call

Choose appropriate names

Graphical transformations

Time for action – give me an "M"

What just happened?

Loop with repeat

Pop quiz

Incremental improvements

Time for action – give me another "M"

What just happened?

Time for action – set first M straight

What just happened?

Have a go hero – give me an "O"

Beware of gaudiness

Time for action – give mom flowers

What just happened?

Ghosting an image

Have a go hero

Parallel execution

Next steps

Build a photo slideshow

Time for action – insert a title screen

What just happened?

Time for action – import photos from disk

What just happened?

Image formats

Working with images

Resize images

How to measure images

Time for action – flip through the photos

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Building audience participation

Time for action – present your show

Pop quiz

Next steps

Summary

5. Storytelling

Barnyard humor

Table of contents

Time for action – create TOC

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Add pages to our book

Time for action – add new pages

What just happened?

Hide that sprite

Time for action – hide the sprites

Introducing the horse

Time for action – import the horse

Costumes versus sprites

The horse speaks

Time for action – the horse talks

What just happened?

Synchronize the action

Time for action – revise the horse talks exercise

What just happened?

Sound

Time for action – a horse whinnies

What just happened?

Sound formats

The dog enters

Time for action – bring out the dog

X and Y coordinates mark the spot

Time for action – stay dog

What just happened?

Position on the grid

Pop quiz

Pointed in the right direction

Time for action – turn to the left

What just happened?

Degrees of direction

Sound effects

Time for action – hit the cymbals

What just happened?

Select an instrument

Time for action – applause, please

What just happened?

Play a note

Have a go hero

Pop quiz

Piece the dog scene together

Time for action – joke, please

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Control the story

Time for action – hide TOC

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Time for action – enter dog

What just happened?

Time for action – exit dog

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Time for action – show TOC

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Build sequence

Have a go hero

Next steps

Summary

6. Arcade Games

Troll pong

Time for action – open the sample pong project

What just happened?

Dynamic interaction

Variables

Time for action – change direction

What just happened?

Time for action – remove the random turn

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Customize the sprites

Time for action – beach ball pong

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Time for action – add new paddle controls

What just happened?

Play theme music, forever

Time for action – add background music

What just happened?

Do something, forever

Working with sound

Have a go hero

Pop quiz

Forever, on one condition

Time for action – paddle meets ball

What just happened?

Start single stepping

What just happened?

Conditional statements

Pop quiz

What's the score?

Time for action – add a score variable

What just happened?

For all sprites

For this sprite only

Time for action – count the paddle's steps

What just happened?

Global versus local variables

Have a go hero

Add a second level

Time for action – reach for a new level

What just happened?

Comparisons

Troubleshooting

Time for action – fix the script

What just happened?

Using Boolean logic

Pop quiz

Add levels

Time for action – count the levels

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Time for action – enter project notes

What just happened?

Next steps

Summary

7. Games of Fortune

Fortune-teller

Time for action – create a list of questions

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Work with an item in a list

Import a list

Time for action – import a list of fortunes

What just happened?

Reasons to import

Export a list

Pop quiz

Your fortune is …

Time for action – tell me a fortune

What just happened?

Time for action – force a positive fortune

What just happened?

Counters

Keep track of intervals with mod

Have a go hero

If/else

Pop quiz

Repeat the fortune

Time for action – my fortune is what?

What just happened?

Holding text in a variable

Do you have a question?

Time for action – ask your question

What just happened?

Add the question to the list

Time for action – add it to the list

What just happened?

Join two text phrases

Time for action – join two sentences

What just happened?

Nest join blocks

Additional string operations

Next steps

Summary

8. Math and Finance

Double it or lump sum?

Double it

Time for action – calculate the double amount

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Time for action – set user-defined variables

What just happened?

Start single stepping

Time for action – slow it down

Graph the values

Time for action – set the graph’s origin

What just happened?

Time for action – draw a graph

What just happened?

Mathematical functions

Create patterns with stamp

Pop quiz

Connect the dots

Time for action – connect the dots

What just happened?

Time for action – fix the graph

Follow a sprite with the go to block

Draw with the pen tool

Time for action – draw the x and y axis of the grid

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Label the newAmount value

Time for action – label newAmount

What just happened?

Pop quiz

Find the interest earned on a lump sum

Time for action – calculate interest on lump sum

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Round to nearest whole number

Have a go hero

Next steps

Summary

9. Share!

Share with the Scratch community

Reduce file size

Time for action – compress media files

What just happened?

Share!

Time for action – share!

What just happened?

Tag it

Update a project

Trouble?

Firefox display problems

Variables change positions

Link to your project

Embed in a blog post

Embed an applet or an image?

Share via social networks

Subscribe to projects via RSS

How to subscribe

Host your Scratch projects

Install files to a web server

Time for action – install files on a web server

What just happened?

Limitations of self-hosting

Pop quiz

Summary

10. Real-world stimuli

Import webcam pictures

Time for action – say cheese

What just happened?

Working with camera images

Export a sprite

PicoBoard—what is it?

Order a PicoBoard

Install the PicoBoard

Connect the PicoBoard

Capture sound input

Time for action – switch backgrounds on sound

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Sound as a numeric value

Time for action – use sound to change the sprite's looks

What just happened?

Have a go hero

Click for the next slide

Time for action – click for the next slide

What just happened?

True or false values

Time for action – wait until button not pressed

What just happened?

Step into the light, please

Time for action

What just happened?

Using light to detect motion

Have a go hero

Control motion with the slider

Time for action – slide sensor

What just happened?

Using gravity

Have a go hero

Create circuits

Time for action – complete the circuit

What just happened?

Wiring our projects

Measure electrical resistance

Time for action – measure resistance

What just happened?

Using resistance

Have a go hero

Watch all sensor values

Have a go hero

Pop quiz

LEGO WeDo support

Summary

A. Scratch Resources

Index