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Drupal 8: Enterprise Web Development
Table of Contents
Drupal 8: Enterprise Web Development
Credits
Preface
What this learning path covers
What you need for this learning path
Who this learning path is for
Reader feedback
Customer support
Downloading the example code
Errata
Piracy
Questions
1. Module 1
1. Introduction
What is Drupal?
Dynamic web pages – a brief history
Enter the database
A worldwide community
The success of Drupal
Multiple systems integration
Technical debt
Developer knowledge
Modularity
There's a module for that
Some Drupal history
Language choice
Is Drupal a framework or platform?
Embracing other communities' frameworks
How an open source community works
Summary
2. Installation
System requirements
PHP
Web server options
Database options
Browser options
Setting up a development environment
Free cloud hosting
Acquia Dev Desktop
Installing Drupal 8
Configuring your Drupal 8 site
Troubleshooting your installation
Memory settings
PHP timeouts
Trusted host patterns
Summary
3. Basic Concepts
Modules
Core and contrib modules
Where the core modules live
Where your extension modules should live
An example community module
Evaluating new modules
Documentation
Module versions
Entities, nodes, and fields
Entities
Nodes
Node types
Fields
Adding new fields
Field types
General
Number
Reference
Text
Field settings
Field widgets
Form display
Managing the form display
Managing field display
Drupal 8 core entity types
Taxonomy
Fixed terms or tags
Blocks
Views
Users, roles, and permissions
Themes
Administration themes
Base themes and subthemes
Hooks
Summary
4. Getting Started with the UI
The Drupal 8 user interface
Logging out
Logging in
Front page
Repositioning the tray
Responsiveness
Administration theme
Contextual links
Quick content creation
Listing content
Revisiting the home page
Structure
Block layout
Comment types
Contact forms
Personal contact form
Content types
Customizing a content type
Customizing fields
Customizing content entry screens
Customizing the display
Display modes
View modes
Form modes
Menus
Taxonomy
Views
Configuration
Appearance
People
Reports
Extend
Summary
5. Basic Content
Introducing your site-building scenario
Types of content
Pages
Articles
Clients
Services
Testimonials
FAQs
Contact information
SEO considerations
Basic pages
Creating a new page
Title
Body
Body field summary
Rich text toolbar
Default HTML restrictions
Full HTML
Restricted HTML
Adding a page to the main navigation menu
Nodes and unique IDs
Adding more pages
Articles
Creating a new article
Front page promotion
Adjusting the settings for a content type
Disabling front page promotion
Adjusting comment settings
Disabling future comments
No retrospective action
Retrospective action
Threading
Show reply form on the same page as comments
Preview comments before posting
Removing all comments and the ability to comment
Summary
6. Structure
Managing menus
Reorganizing menu items
Editing menu items
Managing taxonomy
Creating a new Taxonomy vocabulary
Re-ordering Taxonomy terms
Apply a taxonomy vocabulary to content types
Adjusting the order of fields when editing
Categorizing content
Viewing categorized content
Segregating article types using taxonomy
Creating another taxonomy vocabulary
Working with the Views module
Creating a Views-powered News page
View wizard
Creating a new view
Renaming a display
Live preview
Content settings
Page settings
Filtering to News only
Creating a blog page
Working with Views blocks
Creating blocks using Views
Placing the News blocks
Block position
Block visibility
Summary
7. Advanced Content
Field types
Extending content types
Adjusting field settings
Forcing the Article type field to be mandatory
Adjusting edit form settings
Placeholder text
Customizing view modes
Removing the labels and fields from the display
Controlling image size using styles
Creating new content types
Creating the Client content type
Inherited fields
Adding a logo field
Tokens
Image accessibility
Linking clients to their web sites
Providing an e-mail address for a Client
Providing a telephone number for a Client
Marking a Client as high profile
Attaching taxonomy
Reusing fields
Adjusting field display settings
Adding a sorted client list to the Clients page
Views sort criteria
Adding a pager to your view
Creating the Service content type
Enabling the linking of Services to Clients
Displaying services listing using Views
Creating the Testimonial content type
Listing testimonials with a view
Creating a grouped view
The FAQ content type
Content type settings
Field settings
Display settings
Creating the simple FAQ page
Adding interactive querying to a view
Summary
8. Configuration
People – Account settings
Contact settings
Anonymous users
Administrator role
Registration and cancellation
Enable password strength indicator
Account cancelation behavior
Notification e-mail address
Emails
System
Site information
Cron
Content authoring
Text formats and editors
Available filters
User interface
Shortcuts
Development
Performance
Caching
Clear cache
Bandwidth optimization
Logging and errors
Maintenance mode
Configuration synchronization
Media
File system
Image styles
Image toolkit
Search and metadata
Indexing progress
Indexing throttle
Default indexing settings
Logging
Search pages
URL Aliases
Regional and language
Regional settings
Locale
Time zones
Date and time formats
Web services
RSS publishing
Summary
9. Users and Access Control
Users and roles
Permissions
Typical roles
A typical scenario
Creating user accounts
User ID 1
Editing accounts
Taking control of the People page
Summary
10. Optional Features
Activity Tracker
Aggregator
Ban
Book
Forum
Containers
Forum settings
Hot topics
Topics per page
Default order
Forum permissions
Contributing Forum topics
Responsive image
Statistics
Syslog
Core (experimental), Multilingual, and Web services
Summary
11. Reports
Accessing reports
Available updates
Recent log messages
Log details
Filtering log messages
Clearing logs
Log messages and performance
Field list
Status report
Top 'access denied' errors
Top 'page not found' errors
Top search phrases
Views plugins
Summary
12. Extending Drupal
Installing a module
Improving FAQs
Downloading the Views Accordion module
Installing the module through the UI
Pathauto and Token
Generating paths from patterns
Pathauto settings
Summary
13. Theming Drupal
What is a theme?
Terminology
Themes included in Drupal 8
Accessible via the UI
Bartik
Seven
Stark
Base themes
Classy
Stable
Setting the active theme
Common settings
Toggle display
Theme regions
Color scheme
Setting the admin theme
Advanced themes from the Drupal community
Installing a new theme
Custom themes
Base themes and subthemes
Summary
14. Getting Support
What is open source?
The Drupal community
Drupal.org
Issue queues
Reporting a bug or requesting support
The Drupal security team
api.drupal.org
IRC chat
The Drupal Association
DrupalCon
DrupalCamps
Specialist Drupal companies
Training
Certification
Summary
2. Module 2
1. Up and Running with Drupal 8
Introduction
Installing Drupal
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Creating a database user and a database
Database prefixes
Downloading and installing with Drush
Security updates
See also
Using a distribution
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Makefiles
Installing with Drush
See also…
Installing modules and themes
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Discovering modules and themes
Module installation
Theme installation
There's more…
Installing a module with Drush
Uninstalling a module
See also…
Using multisites in Drupal 8
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Security concerns
See also…
Tools for setting up an environment
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Acquia Dev Desktop
XAMPP + Bitnami
Kalabox
See also…
Running Simpletest and PHPUnit
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Is run-tests a shell script?
Running Simpletest without Drupal installed
Running specific tests
DrupalCI
See also…
2. The Content Authoring Experience
Introduction
Configuring the WYSIWYG editor
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Filter module
CKEditor plugins
See also
Adding and editing content
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more
Save as draft
Pathauto
Bulk moderation
See also
Creating a menu and linking content
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Managing a contents menu link from its form
Providing inline editing
How to do it…
How it works…
Creating a custom content type
How to do it…
How it works…
Applying new Drupal 8 core field types
Getting ready
How to do it…
Link
The e-mail field
The Telephone field
Date
The Entity Reference
How it works…
There's more…
Upcoming updates
Views and Entity Reference
See also
Customizing the form display of a node
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Managing form display modes
Programmatically providing a default to hidden form items
See also
Customizing the display output of a node
How to do it…
How it works…
3. Displaying Content through Views
Introduction
Listing content
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Views in Drupal Core Initiative
Views and displays
Format style plugins: style and row
Using the Embed display
See also
Editing the default admin interfaces
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Exposed versus non-exposed
Filter identifiers
Overriding routes with Views
Creating a block from a View
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Exposed forms as blocks
See also
Utilizing dynamic arguments
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Previewing with contextual filters
Displaying as a tab on the user page
Altering the page title
Validation
Multiple and exclusion
Adding a relationship in a View
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Relationships provided by entity reference fields
Relationships provided through custom code
Using Aggregation and views.
Providing an Entity Reference result View
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
View arguments
See also
4. Extending Drupal
Introduction
Creating a module
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Module namespaces
Module discovery locations
Defining a package group
Module dependencies
Specifying the module's version
See also...
Defining a custom page
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Parameters in routes
Validating parameters in routes
Route requirements
Providing dynamic routes
Altering existing routes
See also
Defining permissions
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works...
There's more…
Restrict access flag for permissions
Defining permissions programmatically
Checking whether a user has permissions
Providing the configuration on installation or update
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Configuration subdirectories
Modifying the existing configuration on installation
See also
Using Features 2.x
How to do it...
How it works…
There's more…
Suggested feature modules
Features bundles
Managing the configuration state of Features
See also
5. Frontend for the Win
Introduction
Creating a custom theme based on Classy
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Theme screenshots
Themes, logos, and favicons
Base themes and shared resources
CKEditor stylesheets
See also
Using the new asset management system
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more…
CSS groups
Library asset options
Library dependencies
Overriding and extending other libraries
Using a CDN or external resource as a library
Manipulating libraries from hooks
Placing JavaScript in the header
See also
Twig templating
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more…
Security first
Theme hook suggestions
Debugging template file selection and hook suggestions
The Twig logic and operators
See also
Using the Breakpoint module
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Caveat for providing breakpoints from themes
Accessing breakpoints programmatically
Multipliers
See also
Using the Responsive Image module
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Performance first delivery
Removing picturefill polyfill
See also
6. Creating Forms with the Form API
Introduction
Creating a form
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Form element definitions
The form state
The form cache
See also
Using new HTML5 elements
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Specific element properties
Creating new elements
See also
Validating form data
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Multiple validation handlers
Accessing multidimensional array values
Element validation methods
Processing submitted form data
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Multiple submit handlers
See also
Altering other forms
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Adding additional validate handlers
Adding additional submit handlers
7. Plug and Play with Plugins
Introduction
Creating blocks using plugins
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works...
There's more...
Altering blocks
Block settings forms
Defining access to a block
See also
Creating a custom field type
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Altering field types
Defining whether a field is empty
See also
Creating a custom field widget
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works...
There's more
Field widget settings and summary
See also
Creating a custom field formatter
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more
Formatter settings and summary
See also
Creating a custom plugin type
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more
Specifying an alter hook
Using a cache backend
Accessing plugins through the manager
See also
8. Multilingual and Internationalization
Introduction
Translating administrative interfaces
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Manually installing language files
Checking translation status
Exporting translations
Interface translation permissions
Using interface translation to customize default English strings
Interface text language detection
Providing translations for a custom module
See also
Translating configuration
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Altering configuration translation info definitions
Translating views
See also
Translating content
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works
There's more
Flagging translations as outdated
Translating content links
Defining translation handlers for entities
See also
Creating multilingual views
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Translating exposed form items and filters
Translating display and row format items
Translating page display menu items
See also
9. Configuration Management – Deploying in Drupal 8
Introduction
Importing and exporting configurations
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Configuration dependencies
Saving to a YAML file for a module's configuration installation
Configuration schemas
See also
Synchronizing site configurations
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Universally Unique Identifier
A synchronization folder
Installing a configuration from a new site
Using command-line workflow processes
Getting ready…
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Drush config-pull
Using the Drupal Console
Editing the configuration from the command line
Exporting a single configuration item
Using version control and command-line workflow
See also
Using the filesystem for configuration storage
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Deprecated for Drupal 9
See also
10. The Entity API
Introduction
Creating a configuration entity type
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works
There's more…
Available data types for schema definitions
See also
Creating a content entity type
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using the AdminHtmlRouteProvider provider
Simplifying base field definitions using the Entity module
The entity type's admin permission
Making the collection route a local task tab
See also
Creating a bundle for a content entity type
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Provide action links for adding new bundles
See also
Implementing custom access control for an entity
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Controlling access to entity fields
See also
Providing a custom storage handler
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Utilizing a different storage backend for an entity
See also
Creating a route provider
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
The Entity API module provides add generation
Providing a collection route
See also
11. Off the Drupalicon Island
Introduction
Implementing and using a third-party JavaScript library
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Implementing and using a third-party CSS library
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Implementing and using a third-party PHP library
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using Composer manager
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Updating the Stack/Cors recipe
See also
12. Web Services
Introduction
Enabling RESTful interfaces
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Soft dependency on the HAL module
RestResource plugin to expose data through RESTful Web Services
The REST UI module
Rate limiting your API
See also
Using GET to retrieve data
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using _format instead of the Accept header
See also
Using POST to create data
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Understanding available _links requirements
Working with images
Using Cross-Site Request Forgery tokens
See also
Using PATCH to update data
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
See also
Using Views to provide custom data sources
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Controlling the key name in JSON output
Controlling access of RESTful Views
Add a URL formatter for the image field
See also
Authentication
Getting ready
How to do it…
There's more…
Authentication provider services
Page cache request policies and authenticated web service requests
IP Authentication Provider
See also
13. The Drupal CLI
Introduction
Rebuilding cache in Console or Drush
How to do it…
How it works…
Using Drush to interact with the database
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using gzip with sql-dump
Using Console to interact with the database
See also
Using Drush to manage users
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Advanced user-login use cases
Using Drupal Console
Scaffolding code through Console
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
Making a Drush command
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Specifying the level of Drupal's bootstrap
See also
Making a Console command
Getting ready
How to do it…
How it works…
There's more…
Using a Console command to create entities
See also
3. Module 3
1. Setting Up Our Development Environment
Installing an AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack
Introducing MAMP
Downloading MAMP
Installing MAMP
A quick tour of MAMP PRO
General settings for MAMP PRO
Host settings
Installing Drupal 8
Downloading Drupal 8
Creating our document root
Creating our host entry
Creating a new database for Drupal
Using phpMyAdmin
Completing Drupal 8 installation
Choosing a language
Choosing a profile
Verifying requirements
Database configuration
Configuring the site
Site maintenance account
Regional settings
Update notifications
Reviewing the new admin interface
Exploring the admin menu
Previewing the interface
Exploring Drupal 8 folder structure
The core folder
The modules folder
The sites folder
The themes folder
Using the project files
Downloading and extracting the exercise files
Database backup
Export settings
Database restore
Using Google Chrome to inspect elements
Summary
2. Theme Administration
What is a theme?
Exploring the Appearance interface
Drupal's core themes
Bartik
Seven
Stark
Classy
Theme states
Installed themes
Uninstalled themes
Default theme
Installing and uninstalling themes
Step one – installing a theme
Step two – uninstalling a theme
Theme settings
Toggling the display of page elements
Logo image settings
Shortcut icon settings
Theme-specific settings
Using prebuilt themes
Installing a new theme
Installing from a URL
Uploading a module or theme archive to install
Manually installing a theme
Cleaning up our themes folder
Managing content with blocks
Exploring the Block layout
Blocks and regions
Demonstrating block regions
Placing blocks into regions
Configuring a block
Managing the title
Managing visibility settings
Content types restriction
Page restriction
Role restriction
Creating a custom block
Managing custom blocks
Exploring the custom block library
Exploring block types
Managing fields
Managing display
Summary
3. Dissecting a Theme
Setting up a local development environment
Managing sites/default folder permissions
Configuring settings.local.php
Disabling CSS and JS aggregation
Disabling render and page cache
Disabling test modules and themes
Default themes versus custom themes
Folder structure and naming conventions
Managing configuration in Drupal 8
Reviewing the new info.yml file
Metadata
Libraries
Defining a library
Overriding libraries
Extending libraries
Attaching a library
Using Twig to attach a library
Using the preprocess functions to attach a library
Regions
The role of templates in Drupal
How templates work
Where to find templates
Creating our first basic theme
Step One – creating a new folder
Step two – create an info file
Step three – copy core templates
Step four – include a screenshot
Step five – installing our theme
Step six – Welcome to Twig
Introducing Twig
Enabling Twig debug
Twig fundamentals
Commenting variables
Setting variables
Printing variables
Dumping variables
Filters
Control structures
Template variables
The role of the theme file in Drupal
Preprocessors and hooks
Overriding variables
Summary
4. Getting Started – Creating Themes
Starter themes
Creating a Bootstrap starter
Understanding grids and columns
Setting up a theme folder
Adding a screenshot
Configuring our theme
Installing our theme
Working with libraries
Adding assets
Creating a library reference
Including our library
Creating a Jumbotron
Step one – managing block content
Step two – hiding the page title
Rethinking our layout
Adding regions
Managing the block content
Using Twig templates
Creating a homepage template
Creating region templates
Working with the Theme layer
Using Devel to print variables
Printing variables from a function
Subthemes
Adding the theme folder
Including a screenshot
Configuring our theme
Installing our theme
Touring Classy
Overriding a library
Summary
5. Prepping Our Project
Walking through the design mockup
Homepage layout
Defining homepage regions and user interaction
Basic page layout
Defining interior regions
Landing page layout
Blog detail layout
Contact page
Search results
Restoring our database snapshot
Creating a custom theme
Setting up theme folders
Adding a screenshot
Creating our configuration file
Installing our theme
Setting up our regions
Setting up our assets
Adding additional assets
Handling default files
Summary
6. Theming Our Homepage
Creating our HTML wrapper
Introducing web fonts
Creating our homepage
Using page templates
Working with static content
Implementing our Header Top region
Creating our Social Icons block
Installing Font Awesome library
Refactoring Header Top region
Implementing our Header region
Adding a logo
Enabling Site branding
Printing our Header region
Creating Block templates
Implementing our search form block
Placing our search form block
Creating a search form block template
Adding custom JavaScript
Creating an input element template
Working with menus
Creating a menu template
Creating System Menu block template
Creating a sticky header
Implementing our Headline Region
Creating our Headline View and Block
Adding our Headlines Block
Printing our Headline region
Configuring FlexSlider library
Attaching a library using Twig
Enable FlexSlider
Implementing Parallax
Adding a scroll effect
Enabling the scroll script
Attaching ScrollTo library using Twig
Implementing our Before Content region
Creating our Services block
Creating our Features block
Refactoring Before Content region
Implementing the footer
Creating our custom blocks
Refactoring our main footer
Footer first
Footer second
Footer third
Footer bottom left
Footer bottom right
Summary
7. Theming Our Interior Page
Reviewing the About Us mockup
Creating our interior page template
Adding our Global Header
Implementing our page title
Working with static HTML
Adding new regions
Reassigning the Page title block
Printing the Title Bar region
Creating a block template
Implementing our main page structure
Creating a Node template
Implementing our Team members section
Prepping our Team Member View
Creating our Team Member View
Managing our Team Members listing block
Formatting Views with CSS
Adding CSS classes to Views
Using Twig variables to rewrite field content
Rearranging View fields
Adding a View header
Refactoring the After Content region
Adding our global footer
Fixing JavaScript errors
Summary
8. Theming Our Blog Listing Page
Reviewing the Blog Listing mockup
Creating our blog listing
Adding a new display mode
Managing the display
Enabling fields
Field label visibility
Formatting fields
Creating a Post Listing view
Using Content Display modes with views
Managing our Post Listing block
Implementing our Node template
Adding CSS classes to Twig
Working with content variables
Using the without filter
Creating our post image slider
Working with field templates
Adding the Owl Carousel library
Using Twig filters for dates
Printing title and teaser
Creating our post metadata
Field templates and taxonomy
Handling comments in Drupal 8
Creating a theme file
Printing our comment count
Adding a read more link
Creating a Categories block
Managing our Categories block
Implementing responsive sidebars
Theming a Block template
Drupal Views and Twig templates
Managing popular versus recent content
Creating our recent posts block
Creating our popular posts block
Sorting views by comment count
Attaching a view to the footer
Managing our popular posts block
Using Twig and Bootstrap tabs
Recent Posts Twig template
Popular Posts Twig template
Using Views-view templates
Creating a Post Teaser Twig template
Adding the About Us block
Implementing the About Us template
Summary
9. Theming Our Blog Detail Page
Reviewing the Blog detail mockup
Previewing our Blog detail page
Creating a Post Full template
Altering fields
Working with comments
Introducing Comment types
Reviewing Default Comment type fields and display
Enabling Post Type Comments field
Creating a Field Comments template
Theming the Comment thread
Enabling user photos for Comment threads
Cleaning up the User Picture field
Creating the Field User Picture template
Date and time formats
Implementing social sharing capabilities
The Add This buttons
Creating a library entry
Attaching the library to our Blog detail page
Displaying buttons
Summary
10. Theming Our Contact Page
Reviewing the contact page mockup
Introducing contact forms
Editing a contact form
Managing form fields
Managing form display
Contact page layout
Adding a Callout block
Creating the Callout block template
Integrating Google Maps into our contact page
Configure Google Maps
Creating our Google Maps block
Creating the Callout Map template
Summary
11. Theming Our Search Results
Reviewing the Search Results mockup
Looking at default Search results
Introducing core search
Indexing content
Editing search pages
Disabling search pages
Working with Search Results templates
Modifying the item list template
Cleaning up each result
Search alternatives
Search API
Installing the Search API
Adding a server
Adding an index
Configuring bundles
Adding fields to our index
Creating a Search Results View
Using the Search index view mode
Adding filter criteria
Placing our exposed search form
Adding our placeholder attribute
Using our search form
Displaying the number of search results
Adding a No Results message
Summary
12. Tips, Tricks, and Where to Go from Here
Working with Local Tasks
Theming local tasks
Working with Status messages
Adding the Highlighted region
Theming our Status message block
Reusing Twig templates
Using extends to share layouts
Working with Twig blocks
Where do we go from here?
Summary
A. Biblography
Index
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