Because it laid the foundation for nearly all subsequent epistemologies, Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason has overshadowed his other interests in natural history and the life sciences, which scholars have long considered as separate from his rigorous theoretical philosophy-until now. In Kant's Organicism, Jennifer Mensch draws a crucial link between these spheres by showing how the concept of epigenesis-a radical theory of biological formation-lies at the heart of Kant's conception of reason.?As Mensch argues, epigenesis was not simply a metaphor for Kant but centrally guided his critical philosophy, especially the relationship between reason and the categories of the understanding. Offsetting a study of Kant's highly technical theory of cognition with a mixture of intellectual history and biography, she situates the epigenesis of reason within broader investigations into theories of generation, genealogy, and classification, and against later writers and thinkers such as Goethe and Darwin. Distilling vast amounts of research on the scientific literature of the time into a concise and readable book, Mensch offers one of the most refreshing looks not only at Kant's famous first Critique but at the history of philosophy and the life sciences as well.

In the months after the end of the Civil War, there was one word on everyone's lips: redemption. From the fiery language of Radical Republicans calling for a reconstruction of the former Confederacy to the petitions of those individuals who had worked the land as slaves to the white supremacists who would bring an end to Reconstruction in the late 1870s, this crucial concept informed the ways in which many people-both black and white, northerner and southerner-imagined the transformation of the American South.Beyond Redemption explores how the violence of a protracted civil war shaped the meaning of freedom and citizenship in the new South. Here, Carole Emberton traces the competing meanings that redemption held for Americans as they tried to come to terms with the war and the changing social landscape. While some imagined redemption from the brutality of slavery and war, others-like the infamous Ku Klux Klan-sought political and racial redemption for their losses through violence. Beyond Redemption merges studies of race and American manhood with an analysis of post-Civil War American politics to offer unconventional and challenging insight into the violence of Reconstruction.

Deemed by Heinrich Heine a city of merchants where poets go to die, Hamburg was an improbable setting for a major intellectual movement. Yet it was there, at the end of World War I, at a new university in this commercial center, that a trio of twentieth-century pioneers in the humanities emerged. Working side by side, Aby Warburg, Ernst Cassirer, and Erwin Panofsky developed new avenues in art history, cultural history, and philosophy, changing the course of cultural and intellectual history in Weimar Germany and throughout the world.In Dreamland of Humanists, Emily J. Levine considers not just these men, but the historical significance of the time and place where their ideas took form. Shedding light on the origins of their work on the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, Levine clarifies the social, political, and economic pressures faced by German-Jewish scholars on the periphery of Germany's intellectual world. By examining the role that context plays in our analysis of ideas, Levine confirms that great ideas-like great intellectuals-must come from somewhere.?

Not Without Honor threads together the stories of three American POWs-Carano; his buddy Bill Blackmon, who was also at Stalag 17 b; and John C. Bitzer, who survived the brutal "e;Death March"e; from northern Germany to liberation in April 1945. At times the journal reads like a thriller as he records air battles and escape attempts. Yet in their most gripping accounts, these POWs ruminate on psychological survival. The sense of community they formed was instrumental to their endurance. This compelling book allows the reader to journey with these young men as they bore firsthand witness to the best and worst of human nature.

From Toy Story to The Good Dinosaur, some of the most iconic and hilarious moments in Pixar's films were first conceived by the artists featured in this book. But there are hundreds of gags that don't make it past the cutting room floor, like Frozone cooling some beers with his breath and Sadness wearing mom jeans. Funny! explores this material in depth, showcasing classic moments from all of Pixar's films to date, plus never-before-published illustrations and doodles from the Pixar archives. With an introduction by veteran story man Jason Katz, this book is a must-have for any Pixar fan.Copyright 2015 Disney Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved.

Celebrating its one-hundredth anniversary in February 2009, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) has been the leading and best-known African American civil rights organization in the United States. It has played a major, and at times decisive, role in most of the important developments in the twentieth century civil rights struggle. Drawing on original and previously unpublished scholarship from leading researchers in the United States, Britain, and Europe, this important collection of sixteen original essays offers new and invaluable insights into the work and achievements of the association. The first part of the book offers challenging reappraisals of two of the NAACP's best-known national spokespersons, Walter White and Roy Wilkins. Other essays analyze the association's cultural initiatives and the key role played by its public-relations campaigns in the mid 1950s to counter segregationist propaganda and win over the hearts and minds of American public opinion in the wake of the NAACP's landmark legal victory in Brown v. Board of Education. Others provide thought-provoking accounts of the association's complex and difficult relationship with Martin Luther King, the post-World War II Civil Rights movement, and Black Power radicals of the 1960s. The second part of the collection focuses on the work of the NAACP at state, city, and local levels, examining its grassroots organization throughout the nation from Chicago, Cleveland, and Detroit in the North, to California in the West, as well as states across the South including Virginia, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. Providing detailed and fascinating information on hitherto little explored aspects of the association's work, these studies complement the previous essays by demonstrating the impact national initiatives had on local activists and analyzing the often-strained relations between the NAACP national office in New York and its regional branches.

摄影镜头与构图：北京电影学院摄影专业系列教材【新版】(全套10册)

做企业，本质上就是资本与产业的结合。有的企业借力资本助推，一飞冲天，创造了商业神话；有的企业牵手资本后，问题迭出，经营每况愈下，**终不欢而散。与资本共舞，有时和风细雨，有时疾风迅雨。作为**的商业较量，窥投融资之“一斑”可观商业社会之“全豹”。 《投融资那点事儿：一本书轻松搞懂资本真相》以通俗易懂的语言，妙趣横生的比喻，为读者生动解读企业投融资。企业投融资如同婚姻嫁娶一样，男婚女嫁，各有所求，各取所需。不了解彼此追求，不达到情投意合，不实现夫（妇）唱妇（夫）随，婚姻历程将注定坎坷；不了解资本真相，不懂得游戏规则，不把控市场运营，融资征途将一路艰辛。你赢得资本红利，像理解婚恋真谛一样搞懂投融资那点事儿，在的商业游戏中成为**终赢家。

Design and implement efficient RESTful solutions with this practical hands-on guideAbout This Book·Create a fully featured RESTful API solution from scratch.·Learn how to leverage Node.JS, Express, MongoDB and NoSQL datastores to give an extra edge to your REST API design.·Use this practical guide to integrate MongoDB in your Node.js application.Who This Book Is ForThe ideal target audience for this book is web developers who have some experience with RESTful services. Familiarity with basic JavaScript programming techniques is required. No prior experience with Node.JS or Express.js is required.What You Will Learn·Install, develop, and test your own Node.js user modules·Comprehend the differences between an HTTP and a RESTful application·Optimize RESTful service URI routing with best practices·Eliminate third-party dependencies in your tests with mocking·Learn about NoSQL data stores and integrate MongoDB in your Node.js application with Mongoose·Secure your services with NoSQL database integration within Node.js applications·Enrich your development skills to create scalable, server-side, RESTful applications based on the Node.js platformIn DetailIn this era of cloud computing, every data provisioning solution is built in a scalable and fail-safe way. Thus, when building RESTful services, the right choice for the underlying platform is vital. Node.js, with its asynchronous, event-driven architecture, is exactly the right choice to build RESTful APIs.This book will help you enrich your development skills to create scalable, server-side, RESTful applications based on the Node.js platform.Starting with the fundamentals of REST, you will understand why RESTful web services are better data provisioning solution than other technologies. You will start setting up a development environment by installing Node.js, Express.js, and other modules. Next, you will write a simple HTTP request handler and create and test Node.js modules using automated tests and mock objects. You will then have to choose the most appropriate data storage type, having options between a key/value or document data store, and also you will implement automated tests for it. This module will evolve chapter by chapter until it turns into a full-fledged and secure Restful service.Style and approachCreate state of the art RESTful API solutions leveraging Node.JS 4.x.

A fast-paced guide to get you up and running with Swift 3 and its new featuresAbout This Book·Get up to date with the latest changes to Swift 3·Make your life easier by knowing how to port your Swift code to the latest version·Learn how to write programs that work on most of the major platforms such as iOS and LinuxWho This Book Is ForThe book is for those who are familiar with Swift but are in need of clear guidance on what's changed in the latest version and the new features.What You Will Learn·Migrate a Swift 2.2 project to Swift 3·Understand the workings of Swift Package Manager·Interact with Cocoa libraries when importing Objective C to Swift·Explore the function and operator changes new in Swift 3·Work with the advanced type changes, attribute improvements, and floating point type improvements in Swift·Discover the changes in the Swift API and see how Objective-C can be manipulated in the current API·Implement the new features central to Swift Testing and understand the new debug features·Create server-side applications using Swift 3In DetailSince Swift was introduced by Apple in WWDC 2015, it has gone on to become one of the most beloved languages to develop iOS applications with. In the new version, the Swift team aimed to take its adoption to the next level by making it available for new platforms and audiences.This book will very quickly get you up to speed and productive with Swift 3. You will begin by understanding the process of submitting new feature requests for future versions of Swift. Swift 3 allows you to develop and run your applications on a Linux machine. Using this feature, you will write your first Linux application using the debugger in Linux. Using Swift migrator, you will initiate a conversion from Swift 2.2 to Swift 3.Further on, you will learn how to interact with Cocoa libraries when importing Objective C to Swift. You will explore the function and operator changes new to Swift 3, followed by Collection and Closure changes. You will also see the changes in Swift 3 that allow you write tests easier with XCTest and debug your running code better with new formats as well. Finally, you will have a running server written completely in Swift on a Linux box.By the end of the book, you will know everything you need to know to dive into Swift 3 and build successful projects.Style and approachThe book takes a tutorial-based approach offering an overview of the new features introduced in the latest version of Swift. It includes relevant examples of how code and concepts change when it comes to working on Swift 3 compared to previous versions.

Learn how to correctly utilize the most popular Object-Relational Mapping tool for your Enterprise applicationAbout This Book·Understand the internals of Hibernate and its architecture, and how it manages Entities, Events, Versioning, Filters, and Cache·Observe how Hibernate bridges the gap between object-oriented concepts and relational models·Discover how Hibernate can address architectural concerns such as Transaction, Database Multi-tenancy, Clustering, and Database ShardsWho This Book Is ForMastering Hibernate is intended for those who are already using or considering using Hibernate as the solution to address the problem of Object Relational Mapping. If you are already using Hibernate, this book will help you understand the internals and become a power user of Hibernate.What You Will Learn·Understand the internals of a Hibernate session and how Entities are managed·Declare better mapping between entity classes and database tables·Manage entity associations and collections·Fetch data not just by entity ID, but also using HQL, Criteria Objects, Filters, and Native SQL·Observe the first and second level caches and find out how to manage them·Collect statistics and metrics data for further observation·Make your application work with multi-tenant databasesIn DetailHibernate has been so successful since its inception that it even influenced the Java Enterprise Edition specification in that the Java Persistence API was dramatically changed to do it the Hibernate way. Hibernate is the tool that solves the complex problem of Object Relational Mapping. It can be used in both Java Enterprise applications as well as .Net applications. Additionally, it can be used for both SQL and NoSQL data stores.Some developers learn the basics of Hibernate and hit the ground quickly. But when demands go beyond the basics, they take a reactive approach instead of learning the fundamentals and core concepts. However, the secret to success for any good developer is knowing and understanding the tools at your disposal. It's time to learn about your tool to use it betterThis book first explores the internals of Hibernate by discussing what occurs inside a Hibernate session and how Entities are managed. Then, we cover core topics such as mapping, querying, caching, and we demonstrate how to use a wide range of very useful annotations.Additionally, you will learn how to create event listeners or interceptors utilizing the improved architecture in the latest version of Hibernate.Style and approachThis book takes a close look at the core topics, and helps you understand the complex topics by showing you examples and giving you in-depth discussions.

Translate your data into info-graphics using popular packages in R About This Book Use R's popular packages—such as ggplot2, ggvis, ggforce, and more—to create custom, interactive visualization solutions. Create, design, and build interactive dashboards using Shiny A highly practical guide to help you get to grips with the basics of data visualization techniques, and how you can implement them using R Who This Book Is For If you are looking to create custom data visualization solutions using the R programming language and are stuck somewhere in the process, this book will come to your rescue. Prior exposure to packages such as ggplot2 would be useful but not necessary. However, some R programming knowledge is required. What You Will Learn Get to know various data visualization libraries available in R to represent data Generate elegant codes to craft graphics using ggplot2, ggvis and plotly Add elements, text, animation, and colors to your plot to make sense of data Deepen your knowledge by adding bar-charts, scatterplots, and time series plots using ggplot2 Build interactive dashboards using Shiny. Color specific map regions based on the values of a variable in your data frame Create high-quality journal-publishable scatterplots Create and design various three-dimensional and multivariate plots In Detail R is an open source language for data analysis and graphics that allows users to load various packages for effective and better data interpretation. Its popularity has soared in recent years because of its powerful capabilities when it comes to turning different kinds of data into intuitive visualization solutions. This book is an update to our earlier R data visualization cookbook with 100 percent fresh content and covering all the cutting edge R data visualization tools. This book is packed with practical recipes, designed to provide you with all the guidance needed to get to grips with data visualization using R. It starts off with the basics of ggplot2, ggvis, and plotly visualization packages, along with an introduction to creating maps and customizing them, before progressively taking you through various ggplot2 extensions, such as ggforce, ggrepel, and gganimate. Using real-world datasets, you will analyze and visualize your data as histograms, bar graphs, and scatterplots, and customize your plots with various themes and coloring options. The book also covers advanced visualization aspects such as creating interactive dashboards using Shiny By the end of the book, you will be equipped with key techniques to create impressive data visualizations with professional efficiency and precision. Style and approach This book is packed with practical recipes, designed to provide you with all the guidance needed to get to grips with data visualization with R. You will learn to leverage the power of R and ggplot2 to create highly customizable data visualizations of varying complexities. The readers will then learn how to create, design, and build interactive dashboards using Shiny.

Everything you need to start working with React 16 and assess React FiberAbout This Book·Hands-on examples and tutorials for the latest React 16 release·Assess the impact of React Fiber for your future web development·Build maintainable and high performance React 16 web applicationsWho This Book Is ForIf you're a frontend developer with some knowledge of native JavaScript development and frontend frameworks, wishing to learn the fastest web user interface library there is, then this book is ideal for you.What You Will Learn·Learn to code React 16 with hands-on examples and clear tutorials·Install powerful React 16 tools to make development much more efficient·Understand the impact of React Fiber today and the future of your web development·Utilize the Redux application architecture with your React components·Create React 16 elements with properties and children·Get started with stateless and stateful React components·Use JSX to speed up your React 16 development process·Add reactivity to your React 16 components with lifecycle methods·Test your React 16 components with the Jest test frameworkIn DetailReact 16 Essentials, Second Edition, fully updated for React 16, takes you on a fast-paced journey through building your own maintainable React 16 applications. React experts Artemij Fedosejev and Adam Boduch give you all the essentials you need to know and start working with React 16, in this new edition of the best-selling React.js Essentials title. You'll find the latest React 16 code updates, assessment of React Fiber, new coverage of Redux, and how to work as a modern React developer.The authors offer you their current assessment of React Fiber, and you'll soon be exploring React 16 hands on, creating your own single and multiple user interface elements with React 16. You'll then see how to create stateless and stateful components and make them reactive. You'll also learn to interact between your components and lifecycle methods, and gauge how to effectively integrate your user interface components with other JavaScript libraries. Delve deep into the core elements of the Redux architecture and learn how to manage your application and data persistence. Then go the extra mile with the Jest test framework, and run multiple tests on your applications and find solutions to scale without complexity.Today React is used by Facebook, Instagram, Khan Academy, and Imperial College London, to name a few. Many new users recognize the benefits of React and adopt it in their own projects, forming a fast-growing community. The speed at which React has evolved promises a bright future for anyone who invests in learning it today. Let Artemij and Adam bring you a brand new look at React 16 and React Fiber, and move your web development into the future.Style and approachReact 16 Essentials, Second Edition, will take you on a fast-paced, hands-on journey through building your own maintainable React 16 applications.

Turn your noisy data into relevant, insight-ready information by leveraging the data wrangling techniques in Python and RAbout This Book·This easy-to-follow guide takes you through every step of the data wrangling process in the best possible way·Work with different types of datasets, and reshape the layout of your data to make it easier for analysis·Get simple examples and real-life data wrangling solutions for data pre-processingWho This Book Is ForIf you are a data scientist, data analyst, or a statistician who wants to learn how to wrangle your data for analysis in the best possible manner, this book is for you. As this book covers both R and Python, some understanding of them will be beneficial.What You Will Learn·Read a csv file into python and R, and print out some statistics on the data·Gain knowledge of the data formats and programming structures involved in retrieving API data·Make effective use of regular expressions in the data wrangling process·Explore the tools and packages available to prepare numerical data for analysis·Find out how to have better control over manipulating the structure of the data·Create a dexterity to programmatically read, audit, correct, and shape data·Write and complete programs to take in, format, and output data setsIn DetailAround 80% of time in data analysis is spent on cleaning and preparing data for analysis. This is, however, an important task, and is a prerequisite to the rest of the data analysis workflow, including visualization, analysis and reporting. Python and R are considered a popular choice of tool for data analysis, and have packages that can be best used to manipulate different kinds of data, as per your requirements. This book will show you the different data wrangling techniques, and how you can leverage the power of Python and R packages to implement them.You'll start by understanding the data wrangling process and get a solid foundation to work with different types of data. You'll work with different data structures and acquire and parse data from various locations. You'll also see how to reshape the layout of data and manipulate, summarize, and join data sets. Finally, we conclude with a quick primer on accessing and processing data from databases, conducting data exploration, and storing and retrieving data quickly using databases.The book includes practical examples on each of these points using simple and real-world data sets to give you an easier understanding. By the end of the book, you'll have a thorough understanding of all the data wrangling concepts and how to implement them in the best possible way.Style and approachThis is a practical book on data wrangling designed to give you an insight into the practical application of data wrangling. It takes you through complex concepts and tasks in an accessible way, featuring information on a wide range of data wrangling techniques with Python and R

1.首次以影像诊断和临床治疗规范化为目标，以大量详实、清晰的磁共振诊断资料为蓝本，以广大影像和临床工作者为对象，具有庞大的读者群，目前尚未见到此类书籍出版。 2.本书从脑小血管病的基础理论知识、临床诊断与治疗常规、磁共振标识诊断和鉴别诊断、科研研究展和成果四个方面系统、全面、详尽地介绍脑小血管病的发生发展和磁共振诊断要领。有益于读者全面对脑小血管病的认识和磁共振诊断要领的掌握，是广大影像和临床医生案头参考书。 3.书中所有影像资料均来自于著者的工作一线资料，以保证图像的真实性和清晰性； 4.编委会所有成员均为高级职称，具有坚实的理论基础知识和丰富的一线工作经验，为充分阐明脑小血管病的影像和临床问题奠定了坚实的基础。 全书各章中突出前沿性和科学性，结合临床实践、贯穿专业性、系统性、新颖性和可读性的主线，结合国内、外有关脑小血管病的**研究结果，充分展示本书的鲜明特征。

中信经典历史之世界史篇，包括：《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》、《人类的演变》、《文明的度量》、《西方将主宰多久》、《极简人类史》、《世界史：从史前到21世纪全球文明的互动》六部作品。 《极简人类史》是一部视野宏大、脉络清晰的人类简史。它讲述现代智人近10万年的发展轨迹，以宇宙大爆炸为起点，在138亿年宇宙演化的壮阔背景下，俯瞰人类历史从无到有的全过程，构建一幅关于人类历史的路线图。 从宇宙大爆炸、星系演变、生命进化，讲到早期社会的诞生、农业文明的出现、现代社会与文明危机。全书共4个篇章，在不到10万字的篇幅里，清晰地勾勒出每一阶段的发展框架： 第1章，“前传：开端之前”，讲述在宇宙演化进程中，人类是如何诞生的，以及现代智人是如何出现的； 第2章，“开端：采集狩猎时代”，讲述现代智人如何从生物圈中脱颖而出，建立人类社会；第3章，“加速：农耕时代”，讲述农业文明的扩散，以及分散在各地的社群如何建立起相似的生活方式； 第4章，“我们的世界：近现代”，讲述更高级的工业文明的诞生，及其如何一次次将我们推到文明危机的边缘。 通过这4个章节，《极简人类史》为我们呈现出一幅壮阔的历史大图景，帮助我们一目了然地看清，人类历史从哪里来，以及人类历史演变的内在规律。这本书用一个大比例尺看待人类历史，所看到的并不是“一个接一个了无生趣的事实”，而是富有逻辑、互动连接的人类共同的故事。" 《人类的演变》，作为当代人，该如何理解诸如白人贩卖黑奴、原始社会的暴力残杀，亦或是其他现在看来不合理，但在当时却被社会普遍接受的历史状态？而诸如自己骑着驴却让太太负重这样在伯明翰会受到谴责的行为，为何到了希腊北部小村庄阿斯罗斯却理所应当？ 伊恩莫里斯在《人类的演变》中，对这些问题给出了可能的解答。他认为，随着每个时代人们获取能量方式的变化，人的价值观念也在不断的发展、演变，而每一个时代与其对应的观念又恰是“得其所需”： 在以狩猎采集为生的采集者社会，恶劣的生存环境下人们以自由小群体的形式生活，因此不能容忍等级制度，却能容忍暴力；而以农耕为生的农业社会，过上了相对安定生活的人们不太能忍受暴力，却相对能够容忍等级制度…… 伊恩莫里斯以非凡的洞察力和超前的意识，从宏观视角，结合考古学、生物学等，论述了在人类的演变过程中，物质力量对人类已树立并秉持了两万多年的“文化、价值观和信仰”的影响，回溯过去，亦展望未来，并反思了人类有无可能正在为自己的灭绝铺路。 这本书为现代人理解乃至宽容过去时代的价值观，至少是比较平心静气对待它们，提供了一种解释的基础；也为我们更客观、深入地了解当下社会的多元价值观，以及更清醒地看待自己的未来，带来了独特的视角。" 《世界史：从史前到21世纪全球文明的互动》是公认的全球通史开山之作，一次完整讲述了从史前到21世纪全球文明互动的故事，中文版首次出版。阿诺德·汤因比、斯塔夫里阿诺斯、杰里·本特利、何炳棣、许倬云、钱乘旦、刘新成等推荐。 西方的兴起：人类共同体史》，史学界一般以此作为全球史诞生的标志。 1964年，麦克尼尔在芝加哥大学开设世界历史课程，为此他为“学生和一般读者”将《西方的兴起》精编简化，于1967年出版《世界史》作为该课程的教材。 自1967年问世至今，麦克尼尔《世界史》经过四次修订再版，一直在英语世界中畅销不衰，既是美国大专院校世界史课程的著作，也是普通读者了解世界历史的入门读物，甚至成为美国空军学院的指定教材。 麦克尼尔的贡献和独特之处在于：他认为世界史只有文明间的互动才有意义，他不断书写文明间的冲击与反冲击、征服与反征服。麦克尼尔的《世界史》以文明为单位，书写全球文明的互动，让之前隔离、孤立的世界史，变成动态、交互的世界史，绘制了一幅人类文明的交互网络图。这被认为是世界历史研究的真正开始。 全球史研究奠基人麦克尼尔的这部潜心力作《世界史：从史前到21世纪全球文明的互动》，分为四个部分三十章，上起人类的起源，下迄21世纪初，聚焦于中东、印度、中国、欧洲四大文明，将人类的历史视为一个处于潜在状态的整体，以不同文明之间的相互影响为主线，勾画整体而互动的世界史上的重要事件，综览几千年间各个文明交融传承、兴衰演变的宏观全景。 麦克尼尔《世界史：从史前到21世纪全球文明的互动》重点突出，脉络清晰：部分为旧大陆各大文明的出现和确立，第二部分为各文明之间的平衡，第三部分为西方的支配地位，第四部分为全球性世界主义的开端。他强调文明间的融合，不断书写文明间的冲击与反冲击、征服与反征服，地理、交通、技术、文艺等，人类文明的诸要素一一展现在他的生花妙笔之下，不仅内容包罗万象，而且文字引人入胜。 《西方将主宰多久：东方为什么会落后，西方为什么能崛起》这本书中你将读到，为什么中国没有出现“文艺复兴”？为什么工业革命发生在英国？为什么现代科学只在西方世界兴起？为什么郑和下西洋，发现美洲的却是哥伦布？为什么中国、日本没有发明蒸汽机、纺纱机？为什么中国越来越保守，西方越来越敢于冒险？为什么康熙大帝、张居正挽救不了当时的中国？为什么在近代的很长一段时间里，中国似乎陷入了静止状态？这些问题归结为一点就是：西方缘何主宰当今世界？东方为何沉寂多年？ 　　很多学者在文化、宗教信仰、价值观、社会制度，甚至盲目的*事件中寻找解释，而没有关注确凿的物质现实世界。 　　伊恩·莫里斯站在长达5万年的东西方人类发展史上，指出为什么西方的统治地位既非长期注定，也非短期偶然。这两种理论都无法解释为何在落后的情况下，近现代西方的发展反而远远超过东方。他认为，关键是地理因素。地理因素决定了世界各国社会发展的脚步，社会发展又反过来改变了地理的意义。 　　《西方将主宰多久：东方为什么会落后，西方为什么能崛起》将各个学科的全新发现联系起来，并独创“社会发展指数”，衡量不同时间和空间的东西方文明的社会发展程度，展示了财富和力量如何从东方转移到西方，并就此奠定西方几百年来的统治地位。 　　但《西方将主宰多久：东方为什么会落后，西方为什么能崛起》并未止步于此，伊恩？莫里斯指出，我们越回溯历史，便越有可能展望未来；我们预测未来会发生什么，会使现在变得更明朗。《西方将主宰多久》不仅解释了为什么西方得以统治世界，同时通过对过去的梳理，结合战争、能源和气候变化等，大胆预测了在未来的几百年里，世界将会发生怎样的变化。 《文明的度量》是《西方将主宰多久》的续篇。就其书中提到的“社会发展指数”，作者进行了更进一步的说明，并使用突破性的社会发展研究数据进一步对比了不同时代、不同地点的社会发展状况。 《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》：这次，作者对东西方发展状况的研究跨度1.5万年。深入总结西方什么时候主导了世界、为什么主导世界，以及我们应该如何思考21世纪。" "几万年来，战争一直被视作人类大的梦魇，但在这本《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》罕见地融合了客观的学术研究和惊人的智慧的书中，《西方将主宰多久》的作者伊恩·莫里斯进行了颠覆性的思考，他向我们展示了令人不快但又无法否认的事实：从长期来看，尽管战争带来了杀戮和血腥，却使人类更安全、更富庶。 《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》涵盖了历史学、考古学、人类学、地理学、进化生物学，以及科技和军事知识，讲述了令人毛骨悚然却又引人入胜的战争故事，历数从类人猿到机器人的15 000年的争斗和暴力，从原始社会到古代文明，再到“美利坚帝国”。莫里斯犀利地指出在石器时代，人们生活在争斗不休的小社会中，有1/10甚至1/5的可能会死于暴力。与之相反，在20世纪，尽管人类经历了两次世界大战等大小战乱，每100个人却只有不到1个人死于暴力。这都是因为战争，也只有战争打造出的利维坦式的大型中央集权国家，才能够确保稳定，从而让这个世界变得更富庶。 　　这本书对15 000年人类战争史的研究更表明，接下来的半个世纪将是人类有史以来危险的时期。如果我们可以度过这一阶段，那么自古以来一直存在的终结战争的梦想或许就可以实现。但莫里斯认为，要想知道战争接下来会把我们带向何方，必须先明了战争究竟意味着什么。 《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》无疑将永远改变我们看待战争的方式，并改变我们在未来应对冲突的选择。对于那些认为战争是普世灾难的人来说，这本书将改变他们看待历史的角度；而对于每一个参与战争与和平的事业，或是在任何一方面会影响人类命运走向的人，都应当读读这本《战争：从类人猿到机器人，文明的冲突和演变》。"

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD IN ANCIENT TIMES是同作者《古代地中海和中国关系史研究》一书的英文版，是作者研究希腊、罗马世界和中国关系的文献资料的辑录和成果集结。 部分辑录和诠释中国史籍所载古代地中海世界及其与中国中原王朝关系的资料。第二部分讨论古代地中海世界与中国北方游牧诸族的关系。公元六世纪之前，中国中原王朝对地中海世界的了解非常模糊，传说盛行。大部分传说竟出诸中国人自己的想象。这表明当时中国人对地中海世界是多么向往！反过来，希腊、罗马史家对中国中原王朝的了解同样十分模糊。同一时期，地中海世界与中国北方游牧诸族之间关系却比较密切。所谓草原之路至迟在公元前7世纪已经形成，商人、使者的往来，尤其是部落的迁徙，不仅加深了彼此的了解，也架起了沟通东西文明的桥梁。游牧诸族没有留下文献，我们主要是通过西方史家的记录来了解他们与地中海世界之间的关系，尽管这些记录需要推敲之处不少，但实质性交往无疑是存在的。中原王朝对地中海世界相互了解之模糊以及北方诸族与地中海世界之间关系之密切形成了鲜明的对照。早期地中海和中国的关系呈现在我们面前的便是这样一幅情景。

编辑推荐： 清华社理解科学丛书包括《那颗星星不在星图上：寻找太阳系的疆界》《从奇点到虫洞：广义相对论专题选讲》《小楼与大师：科学殿堂的人和事》《物含妙理总堪寻：从爱因斯坦到霍金》《上下百亿年：太阳的故事》《因为星星在那里：科学殿堂的砖与瓦》《迷蒙星空：探天之路》《看不见的星：黑洞与时间之河》《日出：量子力学与相对论》《运动的旋律与变化的世界》 其中《小楼与大师》是“吴大猷科普奖”金签奖获得者卢昌海之作，荣获中宣部、中国图书评论学会、央视“2014中国好书”榜科普生活类一名，入围《环球科学》2014美科学阅读。 作者介绍： 卢昌海，出生于杭州，本科就读于复旦大学物理系，毕业后赴美留学，于2000年获美国哥伦比亚大学物理学博士学位，目前旅居纽约。著有《从奇点到虫洞：广义相对论专题选讲》、《太阳的故事》、《黎曼猜想漫谈》，并曾在《中国青年报》、《数学文化》、《科幻世界》、《现代物理知识》、《中学生天地》、《科学画报》等报纸、杂志上发表几十篇科普及专业科普作品。 内容介绍： 《那颗星星不在星图上：寻找太阳系的疆界》 介绍人类探索太阳系疆界的历史，并对一些常被人以讹传讹或误解、夸张的历史事件进行分析与澄清。《那颗星星不在星图上：寻找太阳系的疆界》共分32章。其中第1章简单回顾近代之前人类对行星的了解，第2～4章介绍天王星的发现，第5～7章介绍小行星带的发现，第8～10章介绍天王星出轨之谜及天文学家们为解决该谜团所作的早期努力，第11～16章介绍亚当斯与勒维耶对海王星的预言及海王星的发现，第17～19章介绍英法两国有关海王星预言的优先权之争，第20～21章介绍并分析由海王星档案所引发的新争论，第22章介绍寻找火神星的失败努力，第 23～27 章介绍冥王星的发现，第28～30章介绍柯伊伯带及其发现，第31章介绍行星新定义及冥王星的降级，第32章介绍奥托云及有关太阳伴星的猜测。 《从奇点到虫洞：广义相对论专题选讲》本书以能量条件为线索，对能量条件在其他一些广义相对论课题——比如奇点与奇点定理、正质量定理、宇宙监督假设一并进行介绍。本书将以严谨的物理框架为基础，用生动的文笔，翔实的资料，为幻想般的问题寻找尽可能现实的答案。 通过本书您将会明白以下问题，黑洞能被摧毁吗？什么是彭罗斯猜想？白洞是真实还是幻想？虫洞可以构筑时间机器吗？时空的拓扑结构可以改变吗？黑洞能作为星际旅行的通道吗？什么是奇异物质？奇异物质存在吗？科幻影片中穿越虫洞的特技合乎物理吗？裸奇点会造成什么麻烦？“上帝” 憎恶裸奇点吗？奇点是物理时空中的点吗？奇点的存在有多大的普遍性？什么样的虫洞才能成为星际旅行的通道？那通道一定是捷径吗？为什么像“正质量”那样貌似显而易见的特性在广义相对论中会成为难题？ 《小楼与大师：科学殿堂的人和事》本书将以生动的文笔、翔实的资料、严谨的考据，为您解读科学史上的趣闻和争议。 《物含妙理总堪寻：从爱因斯坦到霍金》本书来源于作者长期以来在北京师范大学开设的一个科普讲座“从爱因斯坦到霍金的宇宙”。该讲座历时20余载，并在一些院校和单位举办过不同形式的讲座和公开课，重点介绍物理学和天文学领域的科普知识、科研前沿，以及科学发现的曲折历程，内容包括爱因斯坦与相对论、弯曲的时空、黑洞、宇宙的演化、量子论的创建与争论、原子弹与核能的和平利用、天文学的若干知识、对时间本质的探索等. 《上下百亿年：太阳的故事》本书将从一次虚拟的古希腊之旅开始，逐步深入地向读者介绍太阳这颗带给我们光和热，并且能让我们观察细节的既普通又独一无二的恒星。本书既介绍了我们对太阳的当前了解，也回溯了科学家们探索太阳奥秘的过程，并且还穿插了一些让读者可以自己参与的模拟探索。本书的内容涵盖了与太阳有关的从外部形态到内部结构，再到物理机制的各个方面。本书融语言的生动风趣与内容的严谨翔实于一体，可以让读者在享受阅读愉悦的同时体会科学的严谨与激动人心，并学到丰富的知识。 《因为星星在那里：科学殿堂的砖与瓦》这是“2014中国好书”获奖图书《小楼与大师：科学殿堂的人和事》的姊妹篇。本书汇集了作者近年撰写一系列科普作品，包括混沌理论、相对论、反物质、黑洞、虫洞、时间旅行、诺贝尔物理奖获奖成果、著名数学猜想和问题、谷歌背后的数学等诸多深受科学爱好者喜爱的内容。本书的取材和分析严谨深入，文笔却生动诙谐，深入浅出，适合广大科学爱好者及大、中学生阅读。通过本书，读者既可以学到丰富多彩的科学知识，也可以了解知识背后的科学探索故事及科学思想、科学方法等。 《迷蒙星空：探天之路》从古至今，宇宙科学与航天科技经历了怎样的过程？发生过哪些大的、著名事件？人们是如何来看待和认识这些的？对人类自身又产生了何种的影响？特别是时至今日，人类对我们身在其中的宇宙本质究竟了解到何种程度？有哪些重要的研究理论和成果？希望读者通过本书得以认识。宇宙处于永恒地变化、运动中。 《看不见的星：黑洞与时间之河》黑洞有哪些特点？本书用通俗生动的语言，从天文和物理等不同角度，描述了黑洞的来龙去脉，它的结构和性质，黑洞的信息疑难和奇点疑难，以及科学家们如何在争论中推动黑洞研究的发展。本书还通过对弯曲时空和黑洞的探讨，把读者引向千古未解的难题：时间究竟是什么？时间能不能测量，它有没有开始与终结？ 《日出：量子力学与相对论》纵观20世纪物理学的百年发展史，可谓群星璀璨，英才辈出，本书描述了在20世纪初期，那个乌云密布的物理学天空中，海森堡等人如何看到日出的场景。在20世纪初期的量子力学与相对论大革命中，涌现了多的类似于海森堡这样的物理学英雄人物，那是一个震撼人心的英雄时代。本书通过对这些英雄人物的成长经历与思想历程的梳理，从科学与文艺的双重角度建构了一个又一个栩栩如生的人物剪影。 《运动的旋律与变化的世界》用徘徊于通俗描述和专业逻辑之间的折中语言包括适当的拟人化语言，给读者展示和解释一些诸如雨滴与蚊子、钟爱数字7、飞机与昆虫、时间、蒲公英恋南风、高尔夫球、棒棒糖的融化、雪花与树叶飞舞等数百个常见现象的简单、简约和简美的一面，将某些看似复杂不可理解的现象用简单现象叠加或类比，深奥的原理用省时、省力和省料那样的直觉性语言表述，并适当关联出一些与文字、体育、生物、气象、音乐、心理学、数学和科技等方面的有用常识。分“动的世界”、“柔情似水”和“空中旋律”三大篇，是一部集知识性、趣味性和科学性于一体的综合科普读物。适合大中学生和具有各种知识结构的读者群，尤其适合那些喜欢用非专业思维、语言和大视野去理解科学、自然和其他现象的读者。也可用于有一定阅读和讲解能力的读者给有好奇心的少儿讲解知识。

1.本选题为套书，为多卷本，初步计划为六卷，分别为：卷一：学生时代；卷二：任教金陵大学期间；卷三：任教清华大学期间；卷四、五：学而优则仕；卷六：仕而“忧”则学。文集将根据新时代发展的要求和对学科建设的启发作用，对吴景超先生的作品行筛选，力图展示吴景超先生一生的学术研究脉络与研究成果，为后代学人提供视野、方法与认识等各层面的参考。总体框架是依据吴景超先生的生命历程划分为2大部分、5个阶段——学生时代（天生的社会学家）：清华之前及清华期间、美国留学期间；工作年代（学术报国）：归国初期（金陵大学、清华大学）、学而优则仕（国民政府任职）、仕而“忧”则学（重返教坛：清华、中国人民大学）。在每个阶段如有必要，编者会以定量定性相结合的方式撰写导言，以便读者阅读参考。 2.吴景超（1901年—1968年5月7日），字北海，安徽歙县人，中国社会学家，是中国20世纪上半叶研究都市社会学最重要的代表人物。本书计划收录了吴景超先生自1919年至1957年间公发表的309篇期刊文章、硕士论文、博士论文、以及公出版发行的11本专著（《社会组织》，1929；《都市社会学》，1929；《社会的生物基础》，1930；《从佃户到自耕农》，1934；《第四种国家的出路》，1936；《中国工业化的途径》，1938；《中国经济建设之路》，1943；《战时经济鳞爪》，1946；《劫后灾黎》，1947；《澈底翻腾的清华革命》，1949；《有计划按比例的发展国民经济》，1954），合计约150万字。

1.本选题为套书，为多卷本，初步计划为六卷，分别为：卷一：学生时代；卷二：任教金陵大学期间；卷三：任教清华大学期间；卷四、五：学而优则仕；卷六：仕而“忧”则学。文集将根据新时代发展的要求和对学科建设的启发作用，对吴景超先生的作品行筛选，力图展示吴景超先生一生的学术研究脉络与研究成果，为后代学人提供视野、方法与认识等各层面的参考。总体框架是依据吴景超先生的生命历程划分为2大部分、5个阶段——学生时代（天生的社会学家）：清华之前及清华期间、美国留学期间；工作年代（学术报国）：归国初期（金陵大学、清华大学）、学而优则仕（国民政府任职）、仕而“忧”则学（重返教坛：清华、中国人民大学）。在每个阶段如有必要，编者会以定量定性相结合的方式撰写导言，以便读者阅读参考。 2.吴景超（1901年—1968年5月7日），字北海，安徽歙县人，中国社会学家，是中国20世纪上半叶研究都市社会学最重要的代表人物。本书计划收录了吴景超先生自1919年至1957年间公发表的309篇期刊文章、硕士论文、博士论文、以及公出版发行的11本专著（《社会组织》，1929；《都市社会学》，1929；《社会的生物基础》，1930；《从佃户到自耕农》，1934；《第四种国家的出路》，1936；《中国工业化的途径》，1938；《中国经济建设之路》，1943；《战时经济鳞爪》，1946；《劫后灾黎》，1947；《澈底翻腾的清华革命》，1949；《有计划按比例的发展国民经济》，1954），合计约150万字。

1.本选题为套书，为多卷本，初步计划为六卷，分别为：卷一：学生时代；卷二：任教金陵大学期间；卷三：任教清华大学期间；卷四、五：学而优则仕；卷六：仕而“忧”则学。文集将根据新时代发展的要求和对学科建设的启发作用，对吴景超先生的作品行筛选，力图展示吴景超先生一生的学术研究脉络与研究成果，为后代学人提供视野、方法与认识等各层面的参考。总体框架是依据吴景超先生的生命历程划分为2大部分、5个阶段——学生时代（天生的社会学家）：清华之前及清华期间、美国留学期间；工作年代（学术报国）：归国初期（金陵大学、清华大学）、学而优则仕（国民政府任职）、仕而“忧”则学（重返教坛：清华、中国人民大学）。在每个阶段如有必要，编者会以定量定性相结合的方式撰写导言，以便读者阅读参考。 2.吴景超（1901年—1968年5月7日），字北海，安徽歙县人，中国社会学家，是中国20世纪上半叶研究都市社会学最重要的代表人物。本书计划收录了吴景超先生自1919年至1957年间公发表的309篇期刊文章、硕士论文、博士论文、以及公出版发行的11本专著（《社会组织》，1929；《都市社会学》，1929；《社会的生物基础》，1930；《从佃户到自耕农》，1934；《第四种国家的出路》，1936；《中国工业化的途径》，1938；《中国经济建设之路》，1943；《战时经济鳞爪》，1946；《劫后灾黎》，1947；《澈底翻腾的清华革命》，1949；《有计划按比例的发展国民经济》，1954），合计约150万字。