Das Werk, das aus einer Vorrede und drei ?Abhandlungen“ besteht, geh?rt zu den einflussreichsten Schriften Nietzsches. Er legte hier keine Aphorismen vor wie in den meisten anderen seiner Werke, sondern l?ngere, systematische Texte mit durchaus wissenschaftlichem Anspruch: Er stellt darin soziologische, historische und psychologische Thesen auf. Nietzsche wollte anders als klassische Moralphilosophen keine Moral herleiten oder begründen, sondern die geschichtliche Entwicklung und die psychischen Voraussetzungen bestimmter moralischer Wertvorstellungen nachvollziehen. Er fragt also nicht, wie die Menschen handeln sollten, sondern warum Menschen (Einzelne oder Gruppen) glauben, sie sollten auf bestimmte Weise handeln, oder andere dazu bringen wollen, so oder so zu handeln.

Das Buch besteht aus vier Teilen. Der erste Teil erschien 1883, der zweite und dritte 1884, der vierte 1885 als Privatdruck. 1886 ver?ffentlichte Nietzsche die drei ersten Teile als ?Also sprach Zarathustra. Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen. In drei Teilen.“ Im Gegensatz zu den frühen Werken Nietzsches handelt es sich beim Zarathustra nicht um ein Sachbuch. In hymnischer Prosa berichtet ein personaler Erz?hler vom Wirken eines fiktiven Denkers, der den Namen des Persischen Religionsstifters Zarathustra tr?gt. Nietzsche selbst nennt den Stil, in dem Also sprach Zarathustra geschrieben ist, halkyonisch und wünscht sich Leser, die eines ?gleichen Pathos f?hig und würdig sind“: ?Man muss vor Allem den Ton, der aus diesem Munde kommt, diesen halkyonischen Ton richtig h?ren, um dem Sinn seiner Weisheit nicht erbarmungswürdig Unrecht zu tun“. Dass Nietzsche diese Leserschaft in seiner Gegenwart nicht gesehen hat, legt der Untertitel des Werkes nahe: ?Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen“.

该书是法国伟大的数学家、数学物理学家、理论天文学家、科学哲学家彭加勒的四部科学哲学经典名著之一。作者在书中广泛而深地探讨了科学和哲学的理论前沿问题，提出一系列精辟的、富有启发性的观，其独创的约定论思想在书中得以集中体现。

我们当中谁会哪怕只是足够严肃地对待过？或者有谁花过足够的时间？就这些事情而言，我恐怕我们从来就不曾切实地“就事情而言”：我们的心从来不在那里——我们的耳朵也不在！我们更像一个通神的走神者（G?ttlich-Zerstreuter）和沉湎于自身者，当正午洪亮的钟声把他的耳朵震得嗡嗡响，他蓦然回过神来，问自己：“这会儿究竟敲了几下呀？”我们也这样跟在后面不时搓着自己的耳朵，震惊不已，狼狈不已，自问道：“我们这会儿究竟体验到了什么？还有：我们究竟是谁？”并且像前面说过的那样跟在后面去数，把前面那十二下颤抖的钟声全部重新数一遍，我们的体验、我们的生命和我们的存在的钟声——啊呀！这里数错了……我们就是必然会对自己保持陌生，我们不理解我们自己，我们必须混淆自己，对我们来说，有条永恒的法则叫作“每个人对于他本身皆是遥远者”

本书经历了几年时间的逐渐写作，并在担任一系列学术职务的过程中得以完成。1938年，在牛津大学所作的《语言与事实》的系列讲座中，我探讨了这个主题的一部分。这些讲座形成了1938～1939年在芝加哥大学以及1939 1940年在加州大学洛杉矶分校所设的研究班课程的基础。在这两次研究班上的讨论大大拓宽了我对所涉及的这些问题的理解，并且减少了我原先对于这个主题的语言学方面的强调。我必须表达一种欠情，即欠那此教授和学生们的集体人情；他们通过细致而又友好的批评使我避免了一些差错和谬误（我希望如此）。更特别的是，在芝加哥时，卡尔纳普和莫里斯教授时常参加研究班，而且一些研究生表现出了很强的哲学研究能力，从而使这些讨论成为富有成果的争论性合作的典范。诺曼·道尔凯先生参加了两个研究班，后来阅读了全书的手稿，我非常感激他谨慎而又令人兴奋的批评。后，在1940年夏季，我部分地从积累起来的材料中，部分地从对这个整个主题的重新思考中，准备了这些威廉．詹姆士讲座。

《小窗幽记》，明陈继儒纂辑，是明代清言小品集的代表作之一。共分醒、情、峭、灵、素、景、韵、奇、绮、豪、法、倩十二卷，从感情、个性、处世、境界、品味、法度等各方面入手，立体地涉及了人如何塑造自身、增加涵养、立身处事、怡情养性；而且关涉到世情、历史、山水自然、艺术等多方面的内容。文字优美典雅，处处浸透着古人的生活智慧。本书节选《小窗幽记》的精华部分，以权威版本核校，出注并翻译，引领读者品味它无穷的艺术魅力。

本书专门为4到12岁的儿童编写。《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一，由孔子的弟子及其再传弟子编撰而成。它以语录体和对话文体为主，记录了孔子及其弟子言行，集中体现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念及教育原则等。本版《论语诵读本》，具有以下几个特：一、注音版无障碍阅读。本版采用大字注音排版，方便孩子诵读。二、严谨准确的疑难注解，让孩子无障碍理解全文。对于较难或是易理解错误的字词行注解，不仅让孩子自己读懂国学，还能加深对国学知识的记忆和理解。三、图文并茂，版式活泼灵动。本书大字注音的同时配有相应情节的插画，提高孩子自主阅读能力。让孩子轻松愉悦地享受阅读过程，汲取知识。

　《圣庙祀典图考》为清人顾沅编撰、孔继尧绘图，共五卷，收录孔子及由汉至清历代配祀孔庙者144人之画像，包括孔子弟子及历代名儒，并均附有人物小传。本书版刻画像生动，传文记人物生平及历代配祀孔庙情况，兼具观赏价值及史料价值，亦可视为历代名儒之图文列传。 　　顾氏此书，因前人诸书之互异缺略，广蒐博采，并参阅《白水碑》、《孔子家语》等文献，正其讹谬，订其异同，以清代所颁定从祀位次为准，补入多篇传记。并访求汉唐以来诸先贤画像绘入，若无旧像可循，则付之阙如。书前有康熙、乾隆御制赞文，书后附《崇圣祠考》一篇记孔子父祖及诸从祀者事迹，并附古本《圣迹图》一卷。 　　本次出版，以道光六年（1826）吴门赐砚堂顾氏刻本为底本，据相关史料文献校正部分文字，校记以小字随文括注。收录原书主体图传部分，将《崇圣祠考》作为附录，《圣迹图》已有多种版本单行，故本书不再收录。影印原书人物绘像，小传文字简体横排并加以标点，以便读者阅读使用。?

《解读苏格拉底》苏格拉底是西方历***著名、*神秘的哲学家。两千多年过去了，围绕其生平学说仍有许多疑团悬而未解。谁要置苏格拉底于死地？谁对苏格拉底的记述*真？谁受苏格拉底的影响*深？本书在博采百家之长的基础上，再现了苏格拉底的生平行迹，考察了历史上的苏格拉底和各家笔下的苏格拉底之间的复杂关系，剖析了苏格拉底对后世哲学的深远影响。

《解读柏拉图》没有一位哲人像柏拉图那样关注严格的哲学思考，也没有一位哲人能以更为丰富的想象力和创造力吸引读者加入哲学对话。柏拉图其人其书两千多年来被人们不断解读，大家众说纷纭，莫衷一是。本书以广博的视野、权威的眼光、平时的语言介绍了柏拉图的复杂思想和多方面的天才创见，展示了柏拉图研究的**成果。

《存在主义简论》与众多研究存在主义的著作相比，本书作者别具匠心地把存在主义定位为一种生活方式，力图全面展现存在主义哲学家的人间情怀，深入诠释存在主义思想与我们日常生活的血肉联系。不仅梳理了存在主义的缘起、发展和式微的演变历程，还细述了存在主义思想对当代艺术、文学和政治生活的影响，重申了存在主义运动将继续在21世纪的哲学舞台上扮演重要角色。

读经典的书，做有根的人。雅言传承文明，经典浸润人生。诵读中华经典，是四至十二岁学生学习中华传统文化的有效方式，也是中央文明办、*、国家语委主办的“中华诵·经典诵读行动”大力推动的一项校园文化建设活动。

意大利著名作家伊塔洛·卡尔维诺说：“一部经典作品是一本每次重读都像初读那样带来发现的书”，“一部经典作品是一本即使我们初读也好像是在重温的书”，“一部经典作品是一本永远不会耗尽它要向读者说的一切东西的书”。经典就是那些常读常新、能够不断给我们的心灵带来启示和震撼、能够伴随我们整个人生的伟大作品。经典，魅力无穷，力量巨大，它能够穿越历史的烟尘，在完全不同的时空里散发出令人炫目的光辉。

蒙养之学  传世经典《龙文鞭影》原名《蒙养故事》，是古代非常有名的汉族儿童启蒙读物。作者的寓意是，看了这本《龙文鞭影》，青少年就有可能成为“千里马”。《龙文鞭影》主要是介绍中国历史上的人物典故和逸事传说。它问世后，成为*受欢迎的童蒙读物之一。

立德修身的恒言警句为学立业的至理名言《小窗幽记》为陈眉公所著的修身处世格言，条条都是人生的回味和处世的领悟，体现了儒家修身、齐家、治国、平天下的积极人生态度，又兼容了佛家超凡脱俗和道家清静无为的智慧，历来被称为修身养性、提升自我修养的佳作。

《大学》原本是《礼记》中的一篇。宋代人把它从《礼记》中抽出来，与《论语》《孟子》《中庸》相配合，便成了“四书”之一，是讨论古代教育理论的重要著作，宗旨在于弘扬光明正大的品德，在于让百姓仁爱敦睦、明理向善。

Euthyphro (Ancient Greek: Euthuphron) is one of Plato's early dialogues, dated to after 399 BC. Taking place during the weeks leading up to Socrates' trial, the dialogue features Socrates and Euthyphro, a religious expert also mentioned at Cratylus 396a and 396d, attempting to define piety or holiness. Background The dialogue is set near the king-archon's court, where the two men encounter each other. They are both there for preliminary hearings before possible trials (2a).Euthyphro has come to lay manslaughter charges against his father, as his father had allowed one of his workers to die exposed to the elements without proper care and attention (3e–4d). This worker had killed a slave belonging to the family estate on the island of Naxos; while Euthyphro's father waited to hear from the expounders of religious law (exegetes cf. Laws 759d) about how to proceed, the worker died bound and gagged in a ditch. Socrates expresses his astonishment at the confidence of a man able to take his own father to court on such a serious charge, even when Athenian Law allows only relatives of the deceased to sue for murder. Euthyphro misses the astonishment, and merely confirms his overconfidence in his own judgment of religious/ethical matters. In an example of "Socratic irony," Socrates states that Euthyphro obviously has a clear understanding of what is pious and impious. Since Socrates himself is facing a charge of impiety, he expresses the hope to learn from Euthyphro, all the better to defend himself in his own trial. Euthyphro claims that what lies behind the charge brought against Socrates by Meletus and the other accusers is Socrates' claim that he is subjected to a daimon or divine sign which warns him of various courses of action (3b). Even more suspicious from the viewpoint of many Athenians, Socrates expresses skeptical views on the main stories about the Greek gods, which the two men briefly discuss before plunging into the main argument. Socrates expresses reservations about such accounts which show up the gods' cruelty and inconsistency. He mentions the castration of the early sky god, Uranus, by his son Cronus, saying he finds such stories very difficult to accept (6a–6c). Euthyphro, after claiming to be able to tell even more amazing such stories, spends little time or effort defending the conventional view of the gods. Instead, he is led straight to the real task at hand, as Socrates forces him to confront his ignorance, ever pressing him for a definition of 'piety'. Yet, with every definition Euthyphro proposes, Socrates very quickly finds a fatal flaw (6d ff.). At the end of the dialogue, Euthyphro is forced to admit that each definition has been a failure, but rather than correct it, he makes the excuse that it is time for him to go, and Socrates ends the dialogue with a classic example of Socratic irony: since Euthyphro has been unable to come up with a definition that will stand on its own two feet, Euthyphro has failed to teach Socrates anything at all about piety, and so he has received no aid for his own defense at his own trial (15c ff.).

The present publication is intended to supply a recognised deficiency in our literature—a library edition of the Essays of Montaigne. This great French writer deserves to be regarded as a classic, not only in the land of his birth, but in all countries and in all literatures. His Essays, which are at once the most celebrated and the most permanent of his productions, form a magazine out of which such minds as those of Bacon and Shakespeare did not disdain to help themselves; and, indeed, as Hallam observes, the Frenchman's literary importance largely results from the share which his mind had in influencing other minds, coeval and subsequent. But, at the same time, estimating the value and rank of the essayist, we are not to leave out of the account the drawbacks and the circumstances of the period: the imperfect state of education, the comparative scarcity of books, and the limited opportunities of intellectual intercourse. Montaigne freely borrowed of others, and he has found men willing to borrow of him as freely. We need not wonder at the reputation which he with seeming facility achieved. He was, without being aware of it, the leader of a new school in letters and morals. His book was different from all others which were at that date in the world. It diverted the ancient currents of thought into new channels. It told its readers, with unexampled frankness, what its writer's opinion was about men and things, and threw what must have been a strange kind of new light on many matters but darkly understood. Above all, the essayist uncased himself, and made his intellectual and physical organism public property. He took the world into his confidence on all subjects. His essays were a sort of literary anatomy, where we get a diagnosis of the writer's mind, made by himself at different levels and under a large variety of operating influences. Of all egotists, Montaigne, if not the greatest, was the most fascinating, because, perhaps, he was the least affected and most truthful. What he did, and what he had professed to do, was to dissect his mind, and show us, as best he could, how it was made, and what relation it bore to external objects. He investigated his mental structure as a schoolboy pulls his watch to pieces, to examine the mechanism of the works; and the result, accompanied by illustrations abounding with originality and force, he delivered to his fellow-men in a book. W. C. H. KENSINGTON, November 1877. THE LIFE OF MONTAIGNE The author of the Essays was born, as he informs us himself, between eleven and twelve o'clock in the day, the last of February 1533, at the chateau of St. Michel de Montaigne. His father, Pierre Eyquem, esquire, was successively first Jurat of the town of Bordeaux (1530), Under-Mayor 1536, Jurat for the second time in 1540, Procureur in 1546, and at length Mayor from 1553 to 1556. He was a man of austere probity, who had "a particular regard for honour and for propriety in his person and attire . . . a mighty good faith in his speech, and a conscience and a religious feeling inclining to superstition, rather than to the other extreme. Between 1556 and 1563 an important incident occurred in the life of Montaigne, in the commencement of his romantic friendship with Etienne de la Boetie, whom he had met, as he tells us, by pure chance at some festive celebration in the town. From their very first interview the two found themselves drawn irresistibly close to one another, and during six years this alliance was foremost in the heart of Montaigne, as it was afterwards in his memory, when death had severed it.

房龙从人文主义的立场出发，站在全人类的高度重新审视人类由史前时代、古希腊、古罗马时代、中世纪、文艺复兴时代到现代的几千年文明的变迁，期间善与恶，黑暗与光明，步与反动的不断搏杀，勾勒出一幅波澜壮阔的人类思想解放史。房龙将一部欧洲“思想解放史”，改写成一部宽容与专横的斗争历史，他行走于人类自身的宽容与偏执、美德与现实的对立交锋之间，深度剖析人类精神上“不宽容”的原因，讲述人类奋斗与自我救赎的跌宕传奇。房龙认为宽容就是“自己活，也让别人活”，他提倡 以理性和宽容代替无知与偏执，并指出人类只有消除了自身的恐惧，才能从根本上消除不宽容。这是一部描写人类思想发展史、畅销近百年的通俗历史读本，是关于宽容和自由思想的人文主义经典之作。

Are you awakening spiritually and feeling weird?You’re not alone. Truly, you are not alone. You have many spiritual helpers, and just like Angela, you can learn to communicate with them and enlist their support. Lorelle Taylor’s extraordinary book traces Angela’s journey from normal to weird. Join her as she confronts challenges and undertakes deeply spiritual lessons while exploring the biggest questions. Learn about life and death from angels, spirit guides, Jesus and God. Discover how to overcome obstacles in your own path as you too discover the secrets for a fulfilled and happy life. Start reading?Getting Used to Weird: A very different sort of Love Story?today and you’ll discover that on this journey, you’re also getting used to love. You’ll come away with the knowledge that “Love is the answer to all questions.”

《我们内心的冲突》指出，由于社会文化所塑造的人总是与我们想成为的人背道而驰——我们做了很多不是出于本心的选择和决策，于是产生了这些主宰我们人生的基本冲突。为了解决这些冲突，我们不但虚构了“理想化意象”自欺欺人，通过“外化”把责任推给他人，还基于不同的性格倾向发展出一系列各不相同的防御策略。但这些策略更像是精致的代偿与逃避，不但没有消除冲突，反而使我们深感恐惧、焦虑和绝望，以致在神经症的道路上越陷越深。本书的内容主要来自对病人和自身的心理分析的经验总结，对致力于提高精神分析理论和治疗方法的精神分析工作者很有帮助。