Cycling has experienced a renaissance in the United States, as cities around the country promote the bicycle as an alternative means of transportation. In the process, debates about the nature of bicycles-where they belong, how they should be ridden, how cities should or should not accommodate them-have played out in the media, on city streets, and in city halls. Very few people recognize, however, that these questions are more than a century old.The Cycling City?is a sharp history of the bicycle's rise and fall in the late nineteenth century. In the 1890s, American cities were home to more cyclists, more cycling infrastructure, more bicycle friendly legislation, and a richer cycling culture than anywhere else in the world.Evan Friss unearths the hidden history of the cycling city, demonstrating that diverse groups of cyclists managed to remap cities with new roads, paths, and laws, challenge social conventions, and even dream up a new urban ideal inspired by the bicycle. When cities were chaotic and filthy, bicycle advocates imagined an improved landscape in which pollution was negligible, transportation was silent and rapid, leisure spaces were democratic, and the divisions between city and country were blurred. Friss argues that when the utopian vision of a cycling city faded by the turn of the century, its death paved the way for today's car-centric cities-and ended the prospect of a true American cycling city ever being built.

Hegel's Theory of Intelligibility?picks up on recent revisionist readings of Hegel to offer a productive new interpretation of his notoriously difficult work, the Science of Logic. Rocio Zambrana transforms the revisionist tradition by distilling the theory of normativity that Hegel elaborates in the?Science of Logic?within the context of his signature treatment of negativity, unveiling how both features of his system of thought operate on his theory of intelligibility. ?Zambrana clarifies crucial features of Hegel's theory of normativity previously thought to be absent from the argument of the?Science of Logic-what she calls normative precariousness and normative ambivalence. She shows that Hegel's theory of determinacy views intelligibility as both precarious, the result of practices and institutions that gain and lose authority throughout history, and ambivalent, accommodating opposite meanings and valences even when enjoying normative authority. In this way, Zambrana shows that the Science of Logic provides the philosophical justification for the necessary historicity of intelligibility. Intervening in several recent developments in the study of Kant, Hegel, and German Idealism more broadly, this book provides a productive new understanding of the value of Hegel's systematic ambitions.

Europe's imperial projects were often predicated on a series of legal and scientific distinctions that were frequently challenged by the reality of social and sexual interactions between the colonized and the colonizers.When Emmanuelle Saada discovered a 1928 decree defining the status of persons of mixed parentage born in French Indochina-the mtis-she found not only a remarkable artifact of colonial rule, but a legal bombshell that introduced race into French law for the first time. The decree was the culmination of a decades-long effort to resolve the "e;mtis question"e;: the educational, social, and civil issues surrounding the mixed population. Operating at the intersection of history, anthropology, and law, Empire's Children reveals the unacknowledged but central role of race in the definition of French nationality.Through extensive archival work in both France and Vietnam, and a close reading of primary and secondary material from the Pacific islands and sub-Saharan and North Africa, Saada has created in Empire's Children an original and compelling perspective on colonialism, law, race, and culture from the end of the nineteenth century until decolonization.

Meyer makes a valuable statement on aesthetics, criteria for assessing great works of music, compositional practices and theories of the present day, and predictions of the future of Western culture. His postlude, written for the book's twenty-fifth anniversary, looks back at his thoughts on the direction of music in 1967.

The comparative physiology of seemingly disparate organisms often serves as a surprising pathway to biological enlightenment. How appropriate, then, that Robert Elsner sheds new light on the remarkable physiology of diving seals through comparison with members of our own species on quests toward enlightenment: meditating yogis.As Elsner reveals, survival in extreme conditions such as those faced by seals is often not about running for cover or coming up for air, but rather about working within the confines of an environment and suppressing normal bodily function. Animals in this withdrawn state display reduced resting metabolic rates and are temporarily less dependent upon customary levels of oxygen. For diving seals-creatures especially well-adapted to prolonged submergence in the ocean's cold depths-such periods of rest lengthen dive endurance. But while human divers share modest, brief adjustments of suppressed metabolism with diving seals, it is the practiced response achieved during deep meditation that is characterized by metabolic rates well below normal levels, sometimes even approaching those of non-exercising diving seals. And the comparison does not end here: hibernating animals, infants during birth, near-drowning victims, and clams at low tide all also display similarly reduced metabolisms.By investigating these states-and the regulatory functions that help maintain them-across a range of species, Elsner offers suggestive insight into the linked biology of survival and well-being.

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, competing scholarly communities sought to define a Spain that was, at least officially, entirely Christian, even if many suspected that newer converts from Islam and Judaism were Christian in name only. Unlike previous books on conversion in early modern Spain, however, Parables of Coercion focuses not on the experience of the converts themselves, but rather on how questions surrounding conversion drove religious reform and scholarly innovation.In its careful examination of how Spanish authors transformed the history of scholarship through debate about forced religious conversion, Parables of Coercion makes us rethink what we mean by tolerance and intolerance, and shows that debates about forced conversion and assimilation were also disputes over the methods and practices that demarcated one scholarly discipline from another.

Among the most momentous decisions that leaders of a state are called upon to make is whether or not to initiate warfare. How their military will fare against the opponent may be the first consideration, but not far behind are concerns about domestic political response and the reaction of the international community.Securing Approval makes clear the relationship between these two seemingly distinct concerns, demonstrating how multilateral security organizations like the UN influence foreign policy through public opinion without ever exercising direct enforcement power. While UN approval of a proposed action often bolsters public support, its refusal of endorsement may conversely send a strong signal to domestic audiences that the action will be exceedingly costly or overly aggressive. With a cogent theoretical and empirical argument, Terrence L. Chapman provides new evidence for how multilateral organizations matter in security affairs as well as a new way of thinking about the design and function of these institutions.

For West Papua and its people, the promise of sovereignty has never been realized, despite a long and fraught struggle for independence from Indonesia. In Laughing at Leviathan, Danilyn Rutherford examines this struggle through a series of interlocking essays that drive at the core meaning of sovereignty itself-how it is fueled, formed, and even thwarted by pivotal but often overlooked players: those that make up an audience. Whether these players are citizens, missionaries, competing governmental powers, nongovernmental organizations, or the international community at large, Rutherford shows how a complex interplay of various observers is key to the establishment and understanding of the sovereign nation-state.?Drawing on a wide array of sources, from YouTube videos to Dutch propaganda to her own fieldwork observations, Rutherford draws the history of Indonesia, empire, and postcolonial nation-building into a powerful examination of performance and power. Ultimately she revises Thomas Hobbes, painting a picture of the Leviathan not as a coherent body but a fragmented one distributed across a wide range of both real and imagined spectators. In doing so, she offers an important new approach to the understanding of political struggle.

Vomiting. Diarrhea. Dehydration. Death. Confusion. In 1832, the arrival of cholera in the United States created widespread panic throughout the country. For the rest of the century, epidemics swept through American cities and towns like wildfire, killing thousands. Physicians of all stripes offered conflicting answers to the cholera puzzle, ineffectively responding with opiates, bleeding, quarantines, and all manner of remedies, before the identity of the dreaded infection was consolidated under the germ theory of disease some sixty years later.These cholera outbreaks raised fundamental questions about medical knowledge and its legitimacy, giving fuel to alternative medical sects that used the confusion of the epidemic to challenge both medical orthodoxy and the authority of the still-new American Medical Association. In Knowledge in the Time of Cholera, Owen Whooley tells us the story of those dark days, centering his narrative on rivalries between medical and homeopathic practitioners and bringing to life the battle to control public understanding of disease, professional power, and democratic governance in nineteenth-century America.

Not Without Honor threads together the stories of three American POWs-Carano; his buddy Bill Blackmon, who was also at Stalag 17 b; and John C. Bitzer, who survived the brutal "e;Death March"e; from northern Germany to liberation in April 1945. At times the journal reads like a thriller as he records air battles and escape attempts. Yet in their most gripping accounts, these POWs ruminate on psychological survival. The sense of community they formed was instrumental to their endurance. This compelling book allows the reader to journey with these young men as they bore firsthand witness to the best and worst of human nature.

This collection contains the first two novels in Sara Shepard's New York Times bestselling Pretty Little Liars and Lying Games series, plus a sneak peek at The Perfectionists, the first book in a brand-new Sara Shepard series!Pretty Little Liars: This page-turning start to the Pretty Little Liars series introduces readers to Rosewood and the pretty little liars who call it home. High school juniors Spencer, Hanna, Aria, and Emily thought their darkest secrets vanished when their best friend, Alison, went missing three years ago. But now someone named "A" is sending them notes and threatening to reveal their ugliest secrets—things only Alison knew.Pretty Little Liars #2: Flawless: Four pretty little liars have been very bad girls. But their most horrible secret yet is so scandalous that the truth would ruin them forever.The Lying Game: Separated at birth, twin sisters Emma Paxton and Sutton Mercer never had a chance to meet. And now they never will. Someone murdered Sutton and forced Emma into taking her place.The Lying Game #2: Never Have I Ever: The deeper Emma digs, the more suspects she uncovers. It turns out Sutton and her friends played a lot of games—games that ruined people's lives. Anyone could want revenge . . . anyone could want Sutton—and now Emma—dead.Plus, a sneak peek at The Perfectionists, another series full of Sara Shepard's trademark juicy secrets, nail-biting suspense, and beautiful girls who will do anything to hide the ugly truth.

Megan Shepherd's gothic suspense trilogy, inspired by the stories of H.G. Wells, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Mary Shelley, is perfect for fans of Libba Bray, Leigh Bardugo, and classic horror and science fiction. This collection also contains a sneak peek of The Cage, the first book in Megan Shepherd's gripping new series about teens held captive in a human zoo by an otherworldly race.The Madman's Daughter, inspired by The Island of Dr. Moreau, is the story of Dr. Moreau's daughter Juliet, who travels to her estranged father's island only to encounter murder, madness, and a scintillating love triangle.Her Dark Curiosity: Inspired by The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, this tantalizing sequel explores the hidden natures of those we love and how far we'll go to save them from themselves.A Cold Legacy: With inspiration from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, this breathless conclusion to the Madman's Daughter trilogy explores the things we'll sacrifice to save those we love . . . even our own humanity.

One of the most memorable and irresistible characters in all of literature—the Wizard Howl—is introduced in Diana Wynne Jones's classic fantasy novel Howl's Moving Castle and makes guest appearances in two stand-alone sequel novels, Castle in the Air and House of Many Ways. Howl's Moving Castle was adapted into an acclaimed and Academy Award-nominated film of the same name, produced by Studio Ghibli and directed by Hayao Miyazaki.Sophie Hatter never intended to set out and seek her fortune. The eldest of three sisters, Sophie thought she was destined to fail. That all changed the day the Witch of the Waste turned her into an old woman. In order to lift the spell, Sophie barges into Wizard Howl's moving castle and strikes a bargain with Calcifer, his fire demon. But Howl is outrunning a curse of his own, and soon Sophie realizes that nothing is as it appears. . . . Howl, Sophie, and Calcifer return in both Castle in the Air and The House of Many Ways, two stand-alone sequels full of mayhem, secrets, and magic.

Henry Huggins feels like nothing very exciting ever happens on Klickitat Street . . . until one day when a friendly dog sits down and looks pleadingly at Henry's ice-cream cone. From that moment on, Henry and his new dog, Ribsy, are inseparable—and together, they cause more excitement than Klickitat Street can handle! This collection includes four beloved classics: Henry Huggins, Ribsy, Henry and Beezus, and Henry and Ribsy. Boys and girls alike will be charmed by these funny stories about an average boy whose life is turned upside down when he meets a lovable puppy with a nose for mischief.

Follow the story of Jack McKinley in the mysterious, action-packed adventure series that takes place throughout the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Jack discovers a secret organization on a hidden island and becomes the leader of a mission to retrieve seven lost magical orbs. As Jack and his three friends realize their lives are at stake, they have no choice but to accept the quest and embark on the challenge of their lives. Four friends. Six months. Seven Wonders. One goal.This collection includes books 1 through 3 in this bestselling series (The Colossus Rises, Lost in Babylon, and The Tomb of Shadows). It also includes the thrilling prequel novella to book 1, Seven Wonders Journals: The Select, plus Seven Wonders Journals: The Orphan, a short novella that chronicles a key character's valiant battle to rescue her best friend.

告别碎片式阅读，从阅读经典开始。“最经典英语文库”系列丛书(15辑)共15册：《虹》《无意识幻想曲》《邦斯舅舅》《米德尔马契》《十年以后》《贝尔武夫(英国史诗)》《人性论》《褐衣男子》《九三年》《莎士比亚传》《夜与日》《雅各的房间》《铁面人》《契诃夫短篇小说精选集》《首相绑架案》。

Iat?, ?n cuvintele Aurei Christi, curg?nd abundent, din surse ascunse, fluidul vivifiant al poeziei, s? nu ne temem de retorica majusculelor, al marei Poezii. (Nicolae Balota).Aici totul e grav. Nici ludicul, nici parodicul, nici oboseala contextului postindustrial ?i nici tendin?ele destructurante ale postmodernilor nu au trecere. Modernitatea Aurei Christi e una esen?ial?, organic?, refractar? modelor, n?zuind spre reinterpretarea semnelor ?i universaliilor; ?ntreb?rile pe care ?i le pune ea au fost ?i ale inainta?ilor, iar r?spunsurile transcend achizi?iile, relev?nd evolu?ia con?tiin?ei ?n mers, relev?nd evolu?ia unei creatoare de m?na ?nt?i, cu totul personal?. Scrieri mai noi, Labirintul exilului (2000), Elegii nordice (2002) ?i altele confirma consecven?a cu sine a unei con?tiin?e exemplare. (Constantin Ciopraga)M? auzi tu, oare, ?nstr?inato? Am citit poeziile tale la ceas de sear?, pe o teras?, av?nd ?n fa?? colinele Ierusalimului. Eu nu sunt un bun comentator de poezie, cei care au scris despre poezia ta te-au “prins“ foarte bine, ai for??, un sim? rar al tragicului ?i antene pentru transcenden??, f?r? s? cazi (din fericire) ?n ceea ce se cheam? “poezie religioas?“. E un instinct p?g?n care te fere?te de o excesiva “cre?tinare“ a poeziei chiar ?i ?n Psalmi. (Leon Volovici). (fragment dintr-o scrisoare)E simplu: ?l vad pe Dumnezeu ca pe un partener de dialog, cu care ma cert nu rareori. Citesc adesea serile din Noul Testament mai ales; ei, ?i atunci ?ncepe fierberea... Nu prea merg la biseric? dec?t atunci c?nd simt imperios nevoia – adev?r pentru care Mama de pilda m? ceart? c?teodat?. Duc biserica mea cu mine; a?a pot s? m? rog oriunde, oric?nd. Spre deosebire de Cioran, eu cred ca nu Diavolul a f?cut lumea, ci Dumnezeu; doar c? spre sf?r?itul Facerii a obosit un pic; se ?nt?mpl? ?ntruc?tva c? ?ntr-o proza a lui Rilke, ?n care cele doua m?ini ale Domnului se iau la ?ntrecere ?i se pare ca st?nga profit? de oboseala dreptei... M? ?i ?ntreb uneori, pe urmele lui Unamuno: cine sunt eu s?-i cer socoteala lui Dumnezeu pentru ca lumea ?n care tr?im e a?a cum e? (Are dreptul, oare, o g?nganie s?-?i aroge obr?znicia de a se ciond?ni cu El, cu nimeni altcineva dec?t cu El?!!) ?i tot ca Unamuno, invoc?ndu-l pe Oberman, ?mi r?spund: da, c?ci pentru lume, pentru univers eu sunt nimeni, nu ?nsemn nimic, pentru mine ?ns? sunt totul.Gr?dini austere a stat – da, incredibil – ?n sertarele c?torva edituri circa ?apte ani; ani de izolare atroce, de singur?tate dorit?, iubit?, hulit? ?i, iar ?i iar, iubit?... E un volum publicat dup? o perioada de secet?, c?nd mi se p?rea – p?n? la o neagr? m?nie! – ca nu voi mai scrie niciodat? poezie... Nici cartea de debut n-am a?teptat-o at?tea... secole. E un volum care a circulat pe internet, prietenii trimi??ndu-mi mesaje, scrisori, cronici ad-hoc despre cartea mea de psalmi ?n r?sp?r. (Aura Christi)Faptul c? Gr?dinile austere au trecut prin PC-ul meu mi-a prilejuit o bucurie, o tulburare de zile aurorale. Nu m-am putut ab?ine ?i am citit c?teva poeme. N-am mai putut apoi s-o las din mana. M-a ?nv?luit ?i m-a luat pe sus cutremurata spiritualitate vital? care str?bate versurile. Asta nu mi se ?nt?mpl? prea des, citind poezie contemporan?. (Zoltan Terner)Mignona ?i b?t?ioas?, cheltuind pasionalitate, r?zboinic? ?n pofida fragilit??ii, ?mpr??tiind texte curajoase pe care amicii internau?i nu ezit? a le califica “dinamit? curat?“, sup?r?nd pe mul?i, scriind febril, asum?ndu-?i riscurile Balcaniei (“lin?at?“, pedepsit?, izolat? etc.), Aura Christi, cit?nd “vorbele atroce“ ale iubitului Nietzsche, vrea s? devin? ceea ce este: poet?. (...) Metamorfoza e izbitoare; discursul a devenit sincopat, auster, de o incanta?ie adumbrit?, celebr?nd “via?a de vis“, test?nd – prin “poemele de iubire“ – temele grave (rela?ia cu maestrul, divinitatea, moartea, poezia) pentru a conchide c?, doar povestit?, via?a e tr?it?. Mul?i dintre exege?ii Aurei Christi au subliniat “fulminant? ascensiune“ a poetei. Penetrant?, Aura Christi a avut ?ansa de a fi fost v?zut? ?n mediile bucure?tene. Dar meritele poetei, dincolo de suportul valoric, stau ?i ?n tenacitatea autoconstruc?iei, promov?nd – programatic – “ruptura“. (Adrian Dinu Rachieru)

When eight-year-old Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana (1590-1662) entered one of the preeminent convents in Bologna in 1598, she had no idea what cloistered life had in store for her. Thanks to clandestine instruction from a local maestro di cappella-and despite the church hierarchy's vehement opposition to all convent music-Vizzana became the star of the convent, composing works so thoroughly modern and expressive that a recent critic described them as "e;historical treasures."e; But at the very moment when Vizzana's works appeared in 1623-she would be the only Bolognese nun ever to publish her music-extraordinary troubles beset her and her fellow nuns, as episcopal authorities arrived to investigate anonymous allegations of sisterly improprieties with male members of their order.?Craig A. Monson retells the story of Vizzana and the nuns of Santa Cristina to elucidate the role that music played in the lives of these cloistered women. Gifted singers, instrumentalists, and composers, these nuns used music not only to forge links with the community beyond convent walls, but also to challenge and circumvent ecclesiastical authority. Monson explains how the sisters of Santa Cristina-refusing to accept what the church hierarchy called God's will and what the nuns perceived as a besmirching of their honor-fought back with words and music, and when these proved futile, with bricks, roof tiles, and stones. These women defied one Bolognese archbishop after another, cardinals in Rome, and even the pope himself, until threats of excommunication and abandonment by their families brought them to their knees twenty-five years later. By then, Santa Cristina's imaginative but frail composer literally had been driven mad by the conflict.?Monson's fascinating narrative relies heavily on the words of its various protagonists, on both sides of the cloister wall, who emerge vividly as imaginative, independent-minded, and not always sympathetic figures. In restoring the musically gifted Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana to history, Monson introduces readers to the full range of captivating characters who played their parts in seventeenth-century convent life.?

As our world becomes increasingly urbanized, an understanding of the context, mechanisms, and consequences of city and suburban environments becomes more critical. Without a sense of what open spaces such as parks and gardens contribute, it's difficult to argue for their creation and maintenance: in the face of schools needing resources, roads and sewers needing maintenance, and people suffering at the hands of others, why should cities and counties spend scarce dollars planting trees and preserving parksIn Constructed Climates, ecologist William G. Wilson demonstrates the value of urban green. Focusing specifically on the role of vegetation and trees, Wilson shows the costs and benefits reaped from urban open spaces, from cooler temperatures to better quality ground water-and why it all matters. While Constructed Climates is a work of science, it does not ignore the social component. Wilson looks at low-income areas that have poor vegetation, and shows how enhancing these areas through the planting of community gardens and trees can alleviate social ills. This book will be essential reading for environmentalists and anyone making decisions for the nature and well-being of our cities and citizens.

Imbued with character and independence, strength and articulateness, humor and conviction, abundant biblical knowledge and intense compassion, Katharina Schutz Zell (1498-1562) was an outspoken religious reformer in sixteenth-century Germany who campaigned for the right of clergy to marry and the responsibility of lay people-women as well as men-to proclaim the Gospel. As one of the first and most daring models of the pastor's wife in the Protestant Reformation, Schutz Zell demonstrated that she could be an equal partner in marriage; she was for many years a respected, if unofficial, mother of the established church of Strasbourg in an age when ecclesiastical leadership was dominated by men.Though a commoner, Schtz Zell participated actively in public life and wrote prolifically, including letters of consolation, devotional writings, biblical meditations, catechetical instructions, a sermon, and lengthy polemical exchanges with male theologians. The complete translations of her extant publications, except for her longest, are collected here in Church Mother, offering modern readers a rare opportunity to understand the important work of women in the formation of the early Protestant church.

In the years following the Civil War, a veritable army of homeless men swept across America's "e;wageworkers' frontier"e; and forged a beguiling and bedeviling counterculture known as "e;hobohemia."e; Celebrating unfettered masculinity and jealously guarding the American road as the preserve of white manhood, hoboes took command of downtown districts and swaggered onto center stage of the new urban culture. Less obviously, perhaps, they also staked their own claims on the American polity, claims that would in fact transform the very entitlements of American citizenship.In this eye-opening work of American history, Todd DePastino tells the epic story of hobohemia's rise and fall, and crafts a stunning new interpretation of the "e;American century"e; in the process. Drawing on sources ranging from diaries, letters, and police reports to movies and memoirs, Citizen Hobo breathes life into the largely forgotten world of the road, but it also, crucially, shows how the hobo army so haunted the American body politic that it prompted the creation of an entirely new social order and political economy. DePastino shows how hoboes-with their reputation as dangers to civilization, sexual savages, and professional idlers-became a cultural and political force, influencing the creation of welfare state measures, the promotion of mass consumption, and the suburbanization of America. Citizen Hobo's sweeping retelling of American nationhood in light of enduring struggles over "e;home"e; does more than chart the change from "e;homelessness"e; to "e;houselessness."e; In its breadth and scope, the book offers nothing less than an essential new context for thinking about Americans' struggles against inequality and alienation.