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GB50377-2006选矿机械设备工程安装验收规范(英文版)
GB50377-2006选矿机械设备工程安装验收规范(英文版)
中国冶金建设协会
¥225.00
责编本规范是根据建设部建标[2005]124号文《"关于印发"2005年工程建设国家标准制定、修订计划"的通知》的要求,由中国三冶集团有限公司会同有关单位共同编制完成的。本规范在编制过程中,编制组进行了广泛的调查研究,认真总结了我国近20年来选矿机械设备工程及验收等方面的经验,广泛征求了有关单位和专家的意见,对规范条文反复讨论修改,后经审查定稿。本规范共分9章,包括总则,术语,基本规定,设备基础、地脚螺栓和垫板,设备和材料进场,破碎粉磨及筛分设备,分级及选别设备、脱水设备、给矿排矿设备等。
GB50059-201135kV~110kV变电站设计规范(英文版)
GB50059-201135kV~110kV变电站设计规范(英文版)
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部
¥225.00
本规范是一项新颁布的国家标准,由中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部第1162号公告批准,编号为GB50059-2011,自2012年8月1日起实施。其中1条为强制性条文,必须严格执行。原《35kV~110kV变电所设计规范》GB50059-92同时废止。本规范共分8章3个附录,主要内容有:总则,站址选择和站区布置,电气部分,土建部分,消防,环境保护,劳动安全和职业卫生,节能。本规范附条文说明。本规范适用于电压35kV~110kV、单台变压器容量500kV·A及以上的新建、改建和改造工程的变电站设计。本规范面向变电站建设项目管理部门、项目设计单位、相关设计人员和机构,相关专业技术人员等。
GB/T 50770-2013 石油化工安全仪表系统设计规范 (英文版)
GB/T 50770-2013 石油化工安全仪表系统设计规范 (英文版)
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部/组织编译
¥225.00
住房城乡建设部关于发布《石油化工工程防渗技术规范》等7项工程建设标准英文版的公告 现在批准《石油化工工程防渗技术规范》(GB/T 50934-2013),《石油化工安全仪表系统设计规范》(GB/T 50770-2013),《石油化工钢制低温储罐激素和规范》(GB/T 50938-2013),《石油化工装置设计文件编制标准》(GB/T 50933-2013),《石油化工用机泵工程设计规范》(GB/T 51007-2014),《石油化工建(构)筑物荷载规范》(GB51006-2014)英文版,工程建设标准英文版与中文版出现异议时,以中文版为准。该7项工程建设标准英文版由住房城乡建设部组织中国出版社出版发行。 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 2018年9月4日
伯恩哈德讽刺戏剧三部曲
伯恩哈德讽刺戏剧三部曲
[奥地利]托马斯·伯恩哈德
¥225.00
以批判的方式关注人生和社会现实,揭示出不同于卡夫卡的荒诞与悖谬;以知识分子的铮铮铁骨,化身社会和人民的牛虻。 里尔帕策奖、奥地利国家文学奖、毕希纳奖、自由汉莎城市不来梅文学奖、尤利乌斯·卡姆佩奖、安东·维尔德甘斯奖、弗朗茨·特奥多尔·乔科尔文学奖、联邦商会文学奖、德国工业联邦协会文化委员会文学奖等奖项得主 托马斯·伯恩哈德 经典剧作。 《总统》:伯恩哈德经典戏剧;对世界之疯狂的嘲笑;世界的背面是牢固复杂的舞台机关。 《英雄广场》:伯恩哈德*后一部戏剧;一部戏惊动世界,整个奥地利成了舞台。 《习惯的力量》:伯恩哈德的*部喜剧;汉诺威戏剧奖,《当代戏剧》年度*佳戏剧;在一个没有宽容的世界里,每一句话都是一句咒语。
GB/T 50934-2013 石油化工工程防渗技术规范 (英文版)
GB/T 50934-2013 石油化工工程防渗技术规范 (英文版)
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部/组织编译
¥225.00
住房城乡建设部关于发布《石油化工工程防渗技术规范》等7项工程建设标准英文版的公告 现在批准《石油化工工程防渗技术规范》(GB/T 50934-2013),《石油化工安全仪表系统设计规范》(GB/T 50770-2013),《石油化工钢制低温储罐激素和规范》(GB/T 50938-2013),《石油化工装置设计文件编制标准》(GB/T 50933-2013),《石油化工用机泵工程设计规范》(GB/T 51007-2014),《石油化工建(构)筑物荷载规范》(GB51006-2014)英文版,工程建设标准英文版与中文版出现异议时,以中文版为准。该7项工程建设标准英文版由住房城乡建设部组织中国出版社出版发行。 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部 2018年9月4日
GB 50169-2016 电气装置安装工程 接地装置施工及验收规范 (英文版)
GB 50169-2016 电气装置安装工程 接地装置施工及验收规范 (英文版)
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部/组织编译
¥225.00
本规范适用于电气装置安装工程接地装置的施工及验收,不适用于高压直流输电接地极的施工及验收。本规范共分5章,其主要内容包括:总则、术语、基本规定、电气装置的接地、工程交接验收。
Finding the Lost Year
Finding the Lost Year
Sondra Gordy
¥224.65
This book would not have been written without the advice and generous kindness of friends, colleagues, and those who were once strangers. Because the research for this book began over thirteen years ago, citing each individual who helped me along the way is impossible, but to each of you I am grateful. For the many Lost Year participants who granted me interviews, thank you for allowing me to tell your story. For all those at the University of Arkansas Special Collections, the University of Central Arkansas Archives, and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock Archives, I am appreciative of your responses to my many requests for help. A number of institutions provided funding for the research for this book, as well as the research and production of the sixty-minute documentary entitled The Lost Year: the Arkansas Council for the Humanities, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Fred Darragh Foundation, and the President's Fund at the University of Central Arkansas. Funding for the Web site www.thelostyear.com came from the Bridge Fund at the Arkansas Community Foundation.
The Civilization Of Ancient Egypt
The Civilization Of Ancient Egypt
Johnson, Paul
¥224.56
A leading historian and bestselling author re-creates the growth, decline, and legacy of 3,000 Years of Egyptian civilization with an authoritative text splendidly illustrated with 150 illustrations in full color.Ancient Egypt, with its legacy of pyramids, pharaohs and sphinxes, is a land of power and mystery to the modern world. In The Civilization of Ancient Egypt Paul Johnson explores the growth and decline of a culture that survived for 3,000 years and maintained a purity of style that rivals all others. Johnson's study looks in detail at the state, religion, culture and geographical setting and how they combined in this unusually enduring civilization. From the beginning of Egyptian culture to the rediscovery of the pharaohs, the book covers the totalitarian theocracy, the empire of the Nile, the structure of dynastic Egypt, the dynastic way of death, hieroglyphs, the anatomy of perspective art and, finally, the decline and fall of the pharaohs, Johnson seeks, through an exciting combination of images and analysis, to discover the causes behind the collapse of this, great civilization while celebrating the extra-ordinary legacy it has left behind.Paul Johnson on Ancient Egypt and the Egyptians"Egypt was not only the first state, it was the first country.... The durability of the state which thus evolved was ensured by the overwhelming simplicity and power of its central institution, the theocratic monarchy." "The Egyptians did not share the Babylonian passion for astrology, but they used the stars as one of many guides to behavior. No Egyptian believed in a free exercise of will in important decisions: he always looked for an omen or a prophecy or an oracle." "The development of hieroglyphics mirrors and epitomizes the history of Egyptian civilization. . . . No one outside Egypt understood it and even within Egypt it was the exclusive working tool of the ruling and priestly classes. The great mass of Egyptians were condemned to illiteracy by the complexities (and also the beauties) of the Egyptian written language.""The affection the Egyptians were not. ashamed to display towards their children was related to the high status women enjoyed in Egyptian society.""If we can understand Egyptian art we can go a long way towards grasping the very spirit and outlook on life, of this gifted people, so remote in time. The dynamic of their civilization seems to have been a passionate love of order (maat to them), by which they sought to give to human activities and creations the same regularity as their landscape, their great river, their sun-cycle and their immutable seasons."
The Looks of Love
The Looks of Love
Rubenstein, Hal
¥224.56
Hal Rubenstein, author of the bestselling 100 Unforgettable Dresses, explores the union of love and fashion in fifty fully illustrated, entertaining stories highlighting landmark moments in style.This gorgeous anthology examines the marriage of love and style in fashion, film and television, music, politics and royalty, and advertising in contemporary culture. From extraordinary runway shows like Alexander McQueen's stunning dance-marathon presentation inspired by the film They Shoot Horses, Don't Theyto shoulder-pad-clad Krystle and Alexis Carrington's jealous catfights on Dynasty, from all eight of Elizabeth Taylor's wedding ensembles to the gleaming, entwined nude bodies in Calvin Klein's first ad campaign for Obsession, every entry addresses the concept and entertaining backstory of each significant stop along our cultural timeline, elaborating on its influences and design details as well as its contribution to fashion and sway in popular culture. Rubenstein also includes stories and quotations from more than a dozen world-class designers and commercial artisans interviewed especially for the book. Travel to Paris to experience some of the greatest fashion shows in history, including Marc Jacobs's Louis Vuitton Express and John Galliano's extravaganza for Christian Dior at the Palais Garnier. Discover the secrets about the making of director Baz Luhrmann's $30 million short film for Chanel No 5, starring Nicole Kidman. Go behind the scenes in Vera Wang's studio to learn the real story of the unforgettable yellow gown Michelle Williams wore to the Academy Awards, when she and Heath Ledger were Hollywood's "It" couple. Examine the world's ongoing romance with James Dean and his black motorcycle jacket, how Doris Day's sex comedies made her a pioneer of women's liberation, and why Woodstock lives on in bohemian style.With its delightful anecdotes, captivating facts, insider's perspective on fashion, and lots of pop-culture dish, The Looks of Love is an informative, entertaining read for anyone who loves fashion, film and music, celebrity, and a tug or two at the heart.With 225 full-color and black-and-white photographs
匠心与禅意:器韵/器度
匠心与禅意:器韵/器度
福州市漆艺术研究院,福州市博物馆
¥224.56
中国漆艺术享誉世界,具有很强的民族特性,中国漆画、漆器均采用天然漆制成,工艺精美,有多项技艺被列为“中国非物质文化遗产”,是我国艺术宝库中的瑰宝。本书为中英对照画册,精选数十位中国及海外漆艺家代表作,展示了不同文化背景下漆语时代的视觉生态。画册从不同侧面呈现了这些杰作的全貌和细节,观赏性很强,作品经高清拍摄后结集成书。从“器物”角度呈现了漆艺术中蕴含的独特匠心和禅意,具有很高的艺术价值。
New Eco Homes
New Eco Homes
Gutierrez, Manel
¥224.56
Discover the latest in eco-friendly home architecture and design.New Eco Homes features twenty-two sustainable homes from around the globe that showcase the newest innovations in environmentally minded home design. Inside you'll find the latest design strategies such as various ways to use natural light and ventilation to reduce energy consumption, new methods to integrate home construction into the surrounding landscape, and the numerous recycled and green construction materials that are available today. Specific topics covered include climate regulation, drainage systems, and regional planning. Accompanying each project is a series of colorful photographs, floor plans, and detailed drawings that illustrate sustainable features.This book demonstrates the wide array of ecological and environmental construction solutions that are being applied around the world as a reflection of the growing concern for the environment and energy savings in home building. Whether you're an architect, a designer, or a homeowner looking for new ways to update your home to make it more eco-friendly, this inspiring book is the perfect resource for creating a welcoming and sustainable home.
Match Prints
Match Prints
White, Timothy
¥224.56
Match Prints is a visual and editorial dialogue between two important photographers and longtime friends. Over the course of their twenty-year friendship, Jim Marshall and Timothy White discovered that their work often shared striking similarities despite time differences of as much as three decades. Sometimes the similarity presented itself in the form of a common pose or expression, a common prop or situation. Sometimes the photographers' subject was the same, the images taken decades apart. Marshall and White have collaborated in selecting more than fifty stunning pairings for publication for the first time in Match Prints. An introduction by renowned music writer Anthony DeCurtis compares the work of the two photographers and provides firsthand behind-the-scenes anecdotes an entertaining, informative read that sheds light on the photographers' approach to their work and captures the essence of their enduring friendship. Also included throughout the book are first-person anecdotes from the subjects themselves on the images and their creation.Whether poignant, dramatic, hilarious, or shocking, these are powerful visual pairings by two masters of photography.
Stylish Cakes
Stylish Cakes
Neuville, Charlotte
¥224.56
More than sixty unique couture confections that take the pastry arts to a whole new level of imagination, style, and tasteWith 250 full-color photographs and illustrations
Ryan Korban
Ryan Korban
Korban, Ryan
¥224.56
Ryan Korban has redefined luxury for a new generation, with an approach to interior design that infuses a timeless sensibility with a sense of lost romance, sex, fantasy, and a strong fashion influence. In this beautiful book filled with more than one hundred full-color photographs, the acclaimed interior designer, who is making a career of translating this aesthetic into elegant, comfortable interiors, shows readers how to achieve a sense of luxury in their homes that is at once glamorous and highly personal.Each of the book's seven thematic chapters focuses on a key component or influence that is essential to Korban's approach to decorating, and offers numerous sources of inspiration and innovative ideas. Every section also includes an introductory essay that explains his point of view on the subject, followed by a seamless flow of captioned images that expresses it in detail and from various visual perspectives. The photographs of spaces he has designed including homes for celebrity clients are complemented by images from fashion, advertising, fine art, and design that will inspire readers with their compelling juxtaposition and enhance the luxurious aesthetic. A Sources section listing Korban's go-to shops for everything from flowers to furniture rounds out this stunning book that is as alluring as the spaces featured within.With more than 100 full-color photographs throughout
Star Product Designers
Star Product Designers
Alegre, Irene
¥224.51
Includes 350 illustrations and full-color photographsStar Product Designers offers an insider's look at the best product designers working today. With the goal of eliminating the need for instruction manuals, every designer in this book endeavors to create products that are user-friendly, efficient, and beautiful.Perfect for both the amateur designer as well as the most accomplished and anyone else in between this comprehensive compendium reveals the design process, from concept to finished product, of some of the most innovative products on the market today. Featuring a wealth of concept sketches, profiles of the leading designers and design firms, and gorgeous, full-color photographs of the products themselves, this book is a must-have for anyone interested in understanding product design and the creative design process.
Eat with Your Hands
Eat with Your Hands
Pelaccio, Zak
¥224.51
From Zakary Pelaccio, founder and owner of Fatty Crab and Fatty 'Cue, comes a gorgeous, groundbreaking cookbook of Southeast Asian—inspired, French— and Italian—inflected food that celebrates getting your hands dirty in—and out of—the kitchen.Eat with Your Hands takes readers on a tour of the outrageously flavorful and wholly original food that has made Pelaccio a star, in a cookbook that's as irreverent, high-spirited, and deeply iconoclastic as the chef himself.Combining a punk rock ethos with a commitment to producing exquisitely imagined and executed food, Eat with Your Hands brings together Pelaccio's eclectic influences in wildly inventive recipes that showcase his innovative blending of Asian flavors, sustainable local ingredients, and American gusto. Full of highly opinionated suggestions for both what to drink and what to listen to in the kitchen, paeans to the joys of the mortar and pestle and fermented condiments, charming sidebars on kitchen techniques, and an unbridled love for real food, Eat with Your Hands is a celebration of no-holds-barred cooking from a chef who is redefining the American culinary landscape.
See Hear Yoko
See Hear Yoko
Gruen, Bob
¥224.51
Conceived expressly for Yoko Ono as a gift between friends on the occasion of her eightieth birthday, See Hear Yoko is a visual portrait of an icon of contemporary American cultural history, from her days with John Lennon through to the present. Legendary rock and roll photographer Bob Gruen was welcomed into the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono during their years in New York City, when Gruen served as their personal lensman, and he continues to document Yoko today. Approached by his friend Jody Denberg, an Austin rock radio mainstay who had logged twenty-five years of interviews with Yoko, Gruen collaborated with him to create an extraordinary birthday gift. In this breathtaking volume, Gruen has selected more than three hundred classic color and black-and-white photographs accompanied by text of Yoko's insights gleaned from Denberg's many hours of interviews to illuminate the intimate story of Yoko Ono at the height of her fame as a woman, wife, mother, and avant-garde artist who keeps creating because, as she notes, that's who I am.Yoko's role as a peace activist and artist underscores the enduring legacy of the era. See Hear Yoko reveals a modern woman in love, in ascension, in grief, in joy, and in peace.Lavish and beautiful, mirroring the deeply personal design of the original volume given to Yoko herself, See Hear Yoko brings into focus an extraordinary woman, and one of the most memorable periods in modern history.
Dearest Letty
Dearest Letty
Sgt.Leland Duvall
¥224.26
Listing the credits for this book must begin with Nancy Gately, for it was she, shortly before her death in 2010, who recognized that Leland Duvall’s wartime letters had both literary and historical value. It came about this way: At lunch with other residents at the retirement home, Nancy heard her new neighbor, Letty Duvall, say that her daughter had discovered the love letters to Letty from her future husband while cleaning out the garage and that she was having fun rereading them after sixtyfive years. Nancy asked if she could read a few and, having done so, insisted that they be made into a book. Letty was sure that Leland would have been mortified at the thought of thousands of people pawing around in his thoughts, but she agreed that Nancy should ask my advice. My idea, naturally, was that the letters deserved to be published and that, while he probably would not have cared one way or the other, Leland might have found some satisfaction in having them published since he had taken great pleasure in writing every one of them. Letty consented.
老板案头书(套装全9册)
老板案头书(套装全9册)
江泽利,陈守龙 等
¥224.23
老板案头书(套装全9册),套装分别包含: 《老板通法——好老板必知的500个法律关键点》以企业法律知识关键点讲解与实务案例相结合的形式,详细介绍了从企业开办、融资投资、合同管理到企业的日常财务、运营以及人事与劳动关系管理方面的法律常识和常见问题的解决方案,涉及到500多个法律关键点。   《老板通法——好老板必知的500个法律关键点》是企业管理者提高法律事务处理能力、掌握法律常识、规避企业法律风险的实务全书。   《制度才是真正的老板2(**新操作版):执行必有的制度》在《制度才是真正的老板(白金版)》的基础上,增加了全新的企业运营制度范本工具箱,具有极强的操作性。《制度才是真正的老板2(**新操作版):执行必有的制度》分上下两篇,上篇阐明了制度对于企业发展的重要性、制定制度的办法、执行制度的措施保障等;下篇从行政、人力资源、财务、生产、营销等企业各个相关部门的管理制度入手,介绍了各类实用的**新管理制度范本、表格,同时随书附赠的制度模板电子文件光盘,光盘中的模板可以简单修改、拿来即用。   《制度才是真正的老板2(**新操作版):执行必有的制度》介绍的制度管理解决之道适用于不同企业的不同部门,帮助管理者逐一击破各类制度难题,成就企业执行力。   《老板心理学——好老板必知的100个心理学技巧》以心理学知识讲解与实务案例相结合的形式,详细介绍了自我情绪控制、员工心理、用人心理、激励心理、沟通心理、营销心理、决策心理、人际心理等方面的心理学知识和常见问题的解决方法,涉及100多个心理学技巧。   《老板心理学——好老板必知的100个心理学技巧》适合所有企业管理者阅读、使用。 “结果到上”“业绩才是硬道理”“请给我结果”常是老板口中的热词,这也是老板和企业所追求的效果,可以用一个词来概括——高绩效。绩效考核直接影响到团队的战斗力和企业目标的执行效果,是老板**为关注的管理内容之一。本书从老板的管理思维出发,深度解析绩效考核的标准、指标、管理、流程、结果、考核、改进7个方面,告诉老板绩效怎么抓、部门和员工怎么考核等内容,旨在帮助老板掌握科学的绩效考核方法,提升运营效率,让企业各部门各员工实现更好的发展。本书适合企业老板阅读、HR及部门主管使用。 老板如何了解企业的运营状况,又如何检验企业的运营效率?一切结果用指标来说话!企业总资产报酬率、销售增长率、客户保持率、存货周转率等一系列的重要信息,都可以用指标来说明。老板只需了解指标、明确指标、核定指标、考核指标,就能有力地保障企业处于高效运营之中,让结果可以预见。 本书有案例、有方法、有技巧、有工具,以图文并茂的形式,让老板可以轻松看懂企业各类运营指标,抽身于复杂的细节,抓出经营的关键,确保改善企业运营效果立竿见影、吹糠见米。本书操作务实,使用便捷,随查随用,是老板的案头工具书。 营销谁说了算?看似是营销主管,实则是老板。老板的营销观念直接决定着企业的经营业绩及未来发展。老板如何成为优秀的营销指挥官?本书涵盖了企业营销的主要板块,为企业营销的**终拍板人——老板和营销总监提供了参考蓝本。可以说,本书既是一部专属老板的营销高参,又有对直接负责人——营销“主脑”的战术点睛之策,以帮助企业高管抓住营销决策的牛鼻子,运筹帷幄,决胜千里,轻松带出人员精悍、能征善战、产能丰富的营销铁军。 职场中的每个人都会碰到沟通方面的问题。对于企业老板来说,沟通这件事就更加值得重视。在一件小事上沟通不畅,也许会导致一个重要的项目失败;和一个员工沟通有误,也许就会让公司的全盘计划被打乱,因此,所有的老板都应该重视沟通的价值,并掌握与员工沟通的技巧。 本书采用场景重现、案例分析的写法,精选了50个真实职场中的沟通场景,并作出了深入解析,告诉读者为什么不能这么说以及应该怎么说。这些场景涵盖了企业中老板和员工沟通的各种情况,可以帮助各类企业的老板避开沟通误区,掌握一些实用、有效的沟通技巧。 你的企业赚钱吗?利润可靠吗?现金充足吗?赚钱速度快吗?未来能做多大?……老板如何轻松了解并掌握企业的财务状况,掌握财务指标是关键! 财务指标是企业总结和评价财务状况和经营结果的相对指标,具有公式简单、计算方便的特点,老板可以通过财务指标快速分析企业的盈利能力、盈利质量、偿债能力、营运能力以及发展能力,通过指标来判断企业的经营状况、发现经营问题、找到解决方法。 《老板轻松管财务2 全彩实操版 一本书让老板用好财务指标》针对当前的市场形势和读者对象,对畅销图书《老板轻松管财务(全彩图解版)》的内容及方向做进一步延伸和改版,针对非财务背景的中小企业老板及高管、股东,以图文并茂的形式,由浅入深、循序渐进地为读者介绍看懂财务报表的一大实用利器——财务指标,让读者一看就懂,随学随用,同时读者可以通过财务指标挖掘埋藏在报表中重要而有用的信息,为读者提示企业的经营状况,从而为公司的经营发展提供决策依据。 《老板轻松管财务2 全彩实操版 一本书让老板用好财务指标》适合非财务专业背景的老板、股东、高管阅读使用。 企业在发展和投融资的过程中大多会面临这样的问题:面对好的项目,采用哪种融资渠道能降低融资成本?投资缺乏计划性,缺乏完整的投资决策体系,在市场大环境下如何联系经济形势,把握好企业发展方面?《融资的力量 大创业时代老板融资密码》详细介绍企业投融资的模式、途径、方法,以及新时期的经济转型与企业调整,帮助读者掌握资本运营的新思路和新方法,从而提高决策力和资源整合能力。 《本书适合企业投资人与股东、董事长、总裁、总经理、副总经理等企业高层决策管理者,以及企业战略规划总监、账务总监等相关企业部门负责人阅读。》适合企业投资人与股东、董事长、总裁、总经理、副总经理等企业高层决策管理者,以及企业战略规划总监、账务总监等相关企业部门负责人阅读。
太上感应篇汇编+安士全书(套装共六册)
太上感应篇汇编+安士全书(套装共六册)
恒强 等校注
¥224.00
太上感应篇汇编+安士全书(套装共六册)
史记选(汉俄对照)
史记选(汉俄对照)
Vyatkin A·R·
¥224.00
《史记选(共3册汉俄对照)(精)》为三卷本,古文、今译、法文三者对照。所选31篇是《史记》中故事性强、极具代表性的篇目,这些故事描写注重细节,且场面宏大,人物形象跃然纸上。在《史记》五体中,以七十列传的内容为生动丰富,因此,《史记选》所选篇目中,列传有很大比重。《史记》是中国部纪传体通史,它是西汉史学家司马迁的隐忍发愤之作。它记述了上起黄帝,下至汉武帝三千年间的历史。全书共130篇,以人物为中心,通过人物传记勾勒历史发展的进程。