A Cookbook with wide range of recipes to allow you to learn game development with AndEngine quickly and efficiently. "AndEngine for Android Game Development Cookbook" is geared toward developers who are interested in working with the most up-to-date version of AndEngine, sporting the brand new GLES 2.0 branch. The book will be helpful for developers who are attempting to break into the mobile game market with plans to release fun and exciting games while eliminating a large portion of the learning curve that is otherwise inevitable when getting into AndEngine development. This book requires a working installation of eclipse and the required libraries, including AndEngine and its various extensions set up prior to working with the recipes.

If you are new to Unity *ing and want to learn simple and modular code and advance your knowledge to the next level, this is the book for you.

If you want a simple guide to building complex robots, then this book is for you. You'll need some programming knowledge and experience working with mechanical systems.

This book is for developers who want to work smarter so they can focus their efforts on the details that will give them the advantage. This book is tailor-made for developers who want to move from NetBeans and Eclipse to experience the power and functionality of IntelliJ IDEA.

If you want to learn to build enterprise-level websites efficiently with Bootstrap, this book is for you. You must have a basic and fundamental understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript; however, there is no need to have prior Bootstrap experience.

This book is aimed at web developers who are familiar with frontend technologies like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, and modern tools like Bower, Yeoman, and Grunt.

An easy-to-follow guide full of de*ive step-by-step procedures on how to develop a game for iOS. With each topic, a new challenge will be tackled to get a deeper knowledge of the Sparrow game framework and gain the skills to develop a complete mobile experience. This book is aimed at those who have always wanted to create their own games for iOS devices. Perhaps you've already dabbled in game development and want to know how to develop games for the Apple App Store, or maybe you have developed Objective-C apps in the past but you are new to game development. In either case, this book will help with de*ive examples and teach you to develop a game throughout its course. Some experience in Objective-C and a basic understanding of object-oriented programming are required.

A handson guide with easytofollow examples to help you learn about option theory, quantitative finance, financial modeling, and time series using Python. Python for Finance is perfect for graduate students, practitioners, and application developers who wish to learn how to utilize Python to handle their financial needs. Basic knowledge of Python will be helpful but knowledge of programming is necessary.

This book takes a handson, tutorialstyle approach that walks you through ten individual projects, each focusing on producing a specific Prezi. If you have some basic experience of Prezi and want to gain advanced knowledge by building different kinds of Prezi projects, then this book is for you.

Written in a cookbook format with practical recipes this book helps you to perform various administrative tasks using Webmin and enables you to perform common jobs more efficiently. This book is perfect for System administrators who want to learn more advanced concepts of Webmin and how it can help to set up a server for development, testing or deployment.

Harness the power of VMware vRealize Operations to efficiently manage your IT infrastructure About This Book Extract the optimum performance, availability, and capacity of your IT infrastructure with the help of vRealise Operations Manager Leverage the power of strategic reports to drive tactful decision-making within the IT department A pragmatic guide to proficiently manage your applications and storage Who This Book Is For If you are a vSphere administrator and wish to optimize your virtual environment, this book is your go-to guide on vRealize Operations. As a vSphere administrator, it is assumed that you have a good understanding of both physical and virtual infrastructure. A basic knowledge of application monitoring and log analysis would be useful when we dive into the capabilities of the solution. What You Will Learn Architect, design, and install vRealize Operations Migrate from the previous vCenter Operations Manager 5.x version, configure vR Ops policies, and create custom groups Use out-of-the-box Dashboards, Views, and Reports and create your own customized Dashboards, Views, and Reports Apply the Alerting framework of Symptoms, Recommendations, and Actions, and create your own Alerting content Leverage the power of Capacity Planning to maximize the utilization of your virtual infrastructure Manage the rest of your infrastructure, including storage and applications, with vRealize Operations Management Packs Extend the solution with vRealize Hyperic and Log Insight In Detail This book will enable you to deliver on the operational disciplines of Performance, Health, Capacity, Configuration, and Compliance by making the best use of solutions provided by vRealize Operations. Starting with architecture, design, and sizing, we will ensure your implementation of vRealize Operations is a success. We will dive into the utilization of a solution to manage your vSphere infrastructure. Then, we will employ out-of-the-box Dashboards and the very powerful Views and Reporting functionality of vRealize Operations to create your custom dashboards and address your reporting requirements. Next, we go through the Alerting framework and how Symptoms, Recommendations, and Actions are used to achieve efficient operations. Later you will master the topic of Capacity Planning, where we look at how important it is to craft appropriate policies to match your requirements, and we’ll consider attitude toward capacity risk, which will aid you to build future project requirements into your capacity plans. Finally, we will look at extending the solution to manage Storage, Applications, and other IT infrastructures using Management Packs from Solution Exchange, as well as how the solution can be enhanced with the integration of Log Insight. Style and approach This book is a pragmatic, step-by-step guide that will quickly build your knowledge of the key capabilities of vRealize Operations. As well as learning about the solution, we will provide you with real-world examples that will help you customize and enhance your virtual environment.

Dive into the world of the Flask microframework to develop an array of web applications About This Book Structure, compose, and build powerful Flask HTML-based applications and JSON/XML-based APIs using advanced application design patterns Integrate third-party Flask extensions for tasks such as social authentication, sending emails, and interacting with databases and cache layers Build a series of Flask applications of increasing complexity Who This Book Is For If you are a Python web developer who has developed basic Flask applications and now wants to build a series of more complex web applications, then this is the book for you. What You Will Learn Use the virtualenv Python package to effectively isolate your development environments Convert a simple one-file Flask application into a more full-fledged multi-package application Integrate Flask-Login for simple user authentication, Flask-WTF for forms, and Flask-SQLAlchemy for database interactions Explore URL routing and dispatching in a blueprint structured application Create your own signals and consume them within your application Learn to leverage Werkzeug, the WSGI library that powers much of Flask Implement custom exceptions for handling non-20x response codes Write your own CLI tools for administrative and development tasks of your Flask application using Flask-Script/Click Build your Flask extensions to encapsulate reusable behaviors across your applications Integrate your application with open source JavaScript-based graphing libraries to create simple data visualizations In Detail Flask is a small but powerful web development framework for Python. Though Flask is termed a micro-framework, it is no way lacking in functionality; there are many extensions available to Flask which helps it to function at the same level as other large frameworks such as Django and Ruby on Rails. This book will demonstrate how to develop a series of web application projects with the Python web micro-framework, and leverage extensions and external Python libraries and APIs to extend the development of a variety of larger and more complex web applications. The book will start by explaining Python’s Virtualenv library and how to create and switch between multiple virtual environments. You’ll first build an SQL database-backed application, which will use Flask-WTF, Flask-SQLAlchemy, Jinja templates, and other methods. Next you’ll move on to a timeline application, built using concepts including pytest-Flask, the Blinker package, data modelling for user timelines, exception handling, and creating and organizing CLI tools. Moving on, you’ll discover how to implement a photo timeline application where you’ll explore topics such as writing and running celery tasks, API error handling and testing, and Werkzeug middlewares. Finally, the book walks you through creating an application which fetches data from GitHub and stores it locally. You will also learn how to install and configure Flask-Click extension. Style and approach This book covers how to effectively use the Flask micro-framework to develop a series of web applications. Each chapter focusses on the development of an application increasing in complexity with easy steps to follow.

Over 80 object-oriented recipes to help you create mind-blowing GUIs in Python About This Book Use object-oriented programming to develop amazing GUIs in Python Create a working GUI project as a central resource for developing your Python GUIs Packed with easy-to-follow recipes to help you develop code using the latest released version of Python Who This Book Is For If you are a Python programmer with intermediate level knowledge of GUI programming and want to learn how to create beautiful, effective, and responsive GUIs using the freely available Python GUI frameworks, this book is for you. What You Will Learn Create amazing GUIs with Python’s built-in Tkinter module Customize the GUIs by using layout managers to arrange the GUI widgets Advance to an object-oriented programming style using Python Develop beautiful charts using the free Matplotlib Python module Use threading in a networked environment to make the GUIs responsive Discover ways to connect the GUIs to a database Understand how unit tests can be created and internationalize the GUI Extend the GUIs with free Python frameworks using best practices In Detail Python is a multi-domain, interpreted programming language. It is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. It is often used as a *ing language because of its forgiving syntax and compatibility with a wide variety of different eco-systems. Its flexible syntax enables developers to write short *s while at the same time, they can use object-oriented concepts to develop very large projects. Python GUI Programming Cookbook follows a task-based approach to help you create beautiful and very effective GUIs with the least amount of code necessary. This book uses the simplest programming style, using the fewest lines of code to create a GUI in Python, and then advances to using object-oriented programming in later chapters. If you are new to object-oriented programming (OOP), this book will teach you how to take advantage of the OOP coding style in the context of creating GUIs written in Python. Throughout the book, you will develop an entire GUI application, building recipe upon recipe, connecting the GUI to a database. In the later chapters, you will explore additional Python GUI frameworks, using best practices. You will also learn how to use threading to ensure your GUI doesn’t go unresponsive. By the end of the book, you will be an expert in Python GUI programming to develop a common set of GUI applications. Style and approach Every recipe in this programming cookbook solves a problem you might encounter in your programming career. At the same time, most of the recipes build on each other to create an entire, real-life GUI application.

Master the development of 2D games by learning to use the powerful GameMaker Language and tools provided by the GameMaker: Studio workspace and engine! About This Book Rapidly develop games using the powerful yet easy easy-to to-use GameMaker: Studio engine Comprehensive: This is a comprehensive guide to help you learn and implement GameMaker’s features. Go through step-by-step tutorials to design and develop unique games Who This Book Is For If you have at least some basic programming experience of JavaScript or any other C-like languages, then this book will be great for you. No experience beyond that is assumed. If you have no game development experience and are looking for a hobby, are an experienced game developer looking to master some advanced features, or fit anywhere in that spectrum, then you will find GameMaker: Studio and this book to be very useful in helping you create exciting games. What You Will Learn Understand the GameMaker: Studio interface and tools to quickly create the various assets used in your games Translate some of the GameMaker: Studio drag and drop functions to the GameMaker language Create games with random elements for exciting gameplay Use the basic GameMaker file I/O and encryption systems Utilize the GameMaker networking functions to create multiplayer games Give AI routines to your enemies to make challenging gameplay Create particle systems to give your game exciting graphics Understand the various debugging techniques available in GameMaker: Studio In Detail This book is excellent resource for developers with any level of experience of GameMaker. At the start, we’ll provide an overview of the basic use of GameMaker: Studio, and show you how to set up a basic game where you handle input and collisions in a top-down perspective game. We continue on to showcase its more advanced features via six different example projects. The first example game demonstrates platforming with file I/O, followed by animation, views, and multiplayer networking. The next game illustrates AI and particle systems, while the final one will get you started with the built-in Box2D physics engine. By the end of this book, you have mastered lots of powerful techniques that can be utilized in various 2D games. Style and approach A This step-by-step guide that follows and with details ons different topics throughout the creation of various examples.

Over 50 recipes to learn how to use Pentaho Analytics and MongoDB to create powerful analysis and reporting solutions About This Book Create reports and stunning dashboards with MongoDB data Accelerate data access and maximize productivity with unique features of Pentaho for MongoDB A step-by-step recipe-based guide for making full use of Pentaho suite tools with MongoDB Who This Book Is For This book is intended for data architects and developers with a basic level of knowledge of MongoDB. Familiarity with Pentaho is not expected. What You Will Learn Extract, load, and transform data from MongoDB collections to other datasources Design Pentaho Reports using different types of connections for MongoDB Create a OLAP mondrian schema for MongoDB Explore your MongoDB data using Pentaho Analyzer Utilize the drag and drop web interface to create dashboards Use Kettle Thin JDBC with MongoDB for analysis Integrate advanced dashboards with MondoDB using different types of connections Publish and run a report on Pentaho BI server using a web interface In Detail MongoDB is an open source, schemaless NoSQL database system. Pentaho as a famous open source Analysis tool provides high performance, high availability, and easy scalability for large sets of data. The variant features in Pentaho for MongoDB are designed to empower organizations to be more agile and scalable and also enables applications to have better flexibility, faster performance, and lower costs. Whether you are brand new to online learning or a seasoned expert, this book will provide you with the skills you need to create turnkey analytic solutions that deliver insight and drive value for your organization. The book will begin by taking you through Pentaho Data Integration and how it works with MongoDB. You will then be taken through the Kettle Thin JDBC Driver for enabling a Java application to interact with a database. This will be followed by exploration of a MongoDB collection using Pentaho Instant view and creating reports with MongoDB as a datasource using Pentaho Report Designer. The book will then teach you how to explore and visualize your data in Pentaho BI Server using Pentaho Analyzer. You will then learn how to create advanced dashboards with your data. The book concludes by highlighting contributions of the Pentaho Community. Style and approach A comprehensive, recipe-based guide to take complete advantage of the Pentaho Analytics for MongoDB.

Learn to solve scientific computing problems using Scala and its numerical computing, data processing, concurrency, and plotting libraries About This Book Parallelize your numerical computing code using convenient and safe techniques. Accomplish common high-performance, scientific computing goals in Scala. Learn about data visualization and how to create high-quality scientific plots in Scala Who This Book Is For Scientists and engineers who would like to use Scala for their scientific and numerical computing needs. A basic familiarity with undergraduate level mathematics and statistics is expected but not strictly required. A basic knowledge of Scala is required as well as the ability to write simple Scala programs. However, complicated programming concepts are not used in the book. Anyone who wants to explore using Scala for writing scientific or engineering software will benefit from the book. What You Will Learn Write and read a variety of popular file formats used to store scientific data Use Breeze for linear algebra, optimization, and digital signal processing Gain insight into Saddle for data analysis Use ScalaLab for interactive computing Quickly and conveniently write safe parallel applications using Scala's parallel collections Implement and deploy concurrent programs using the Akka framework Use the Wisp plotting library to produce scientific plots Visualize multivariate data using various visualization techniques In Detail Scala is a statically typed, Java Virtual Machine (JVM)-based language with strong support for functional programming. There exist libraries for Scala that cover a range of common scientific computing tasks – from linear algebra and numerical algorithms to convenient and safe parallelization to powerful plotting facilities. Learning to use these to perform common scientific tasks will allow you to write programs that are both fast and easy to write and maintain. We will start by discussing the advantages of using Scala over other scientific computing platforms. You will discover Scala packages that provide the functionality you have come to expect when writing scientific software. We will explore using Scala's Breeze library for linear algebra, optimization, and signal processing. We will then proceed to the Saddle library for data analysis. If you have experience in R or with Python's popular pandas library you will learn how to translate those skills to Saddle. If you are new to data analysis, you will learn basic concepts of Saddle as well. Well will explore the numerical computing environment called ScalaLab. It comes bundled with a lot of scientific software readily available. We will use it for interactive computing, data analysis, and visualization. In the following chapters, we will explore using Scala's powerful parallel collections for safe and convenient parallel programming. Topics such as the Akka concurrency framework will be covered. Finally, you will learn about multivariate data visualization and how to produce professional-looking plots in Scala easily. After reading the book, you should have more than enough information on how to start using Scala as your scientific computing platform Style and approach Examples are provided on how to use Scala to do basic numerical and scientific computing tasks. All the concepts are illustrated with more involved examples in each chapter. The goal of the book is to allow you to translate existing experience in scientific computing to Scala.

Over 80 simple but creative and structured recipes to explore the capabilities of HTML5 Canvas About This Book Develop simple to advanced recipes of your own, and ultimately produce a great application Discover a better way to use HTML5 Canvas, JavaScript, and CSS Put your creative instincts to use in your day-to-day interface developments Who This Book Is For The book is intended for readers with a preliminary knowledge of JavaScript and CSS. Whether you're a beginner or expert in this technology, the book provides recipes to help you build your own application, presentation, or game. What You Will Learn Draw basic shapes such as lines, arcs, curves, and text using the coordinate system Learn about the animation cycle and use it to animate shapes Grasp the knowledge required to create particles and use them Give various effects to images and videos and also use them in animations Discover the use of event listeners to make recipes interactive and to handle events through event handlers Create good presentation graphics with graphs and charts Learn all about 3D development, from building 3D objects to animating them Convert your knowledge into a complete working game Understand the interoperability and deployment of recipes on different browsers and on different devices In Detail With the growing popularity of HTML5 Canvas, this book offers tailored recipes to help you develop portable applications, presentations, and games. The recipes are simple yet creative and build on each other. At every step, the book inspires the reader to develop his/her own recipe. From basic to advanced, every aspect of Canvas API has been covered to guide readers to develop their own application, presentation, or game. Style and approach All the recipes are sequential and cover the basic and advanced concepts of Canvas. Every recipe is as simple as possible without compromising creativity

Troubleshoot all the aspects of your Configuration Manager installation, from basic easy checks to the advanced log files and serious issues About This Book Learn to troubleshoot Configuration Manager 2012 based versions of Microsoft System Center Understand the usability of tools and find resolutions to all the issues of Configuration Manager A step-by-step practical guide with the necessary screenshots and examples Who This Book Is For If you are new to Configuration Manager or have experience with it, and are interested in identifying, diagnosing and resolving the System Center Configuration Manager administration issues then this book is for you. What You Will Learn Fix your clients and install them correctly Understand how your Configuration Manager hierarchy works Extend your error information Troubleshoot Configuration Manager roles Know your options when faced with problems Prevent future problems occurring In Detail Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager is the most popular enterprise client management solution in the world with some of the best features available. Troubleshooting this product, however, is not always as simple as you might want, not least getting to know the hundreds of log files and understanding how the various components work. The book starts with discussing the most commonly used tools for troubleshooting the variety of problems that can be seen in Configuration Manager. It then moves to providing a high level view of the available log files, their locations, what they relate to and what they typically contain. Next, we will look at how we can fully utilize and extend all the available information from the console monitoring pane through to the status messages and down into error logging with some further reaches into WMI, SQL, registry and the file structure. You will then learn what the common error codes mean, how to make sense of the less common ones and what they actually mean with respect to Configuration Manager. Further to this, you will pick up widely acknowledged best practices both from a proactive stance when carrying out your daily administrative tasks and also from a reactive position when the green lights start to turn red right down to a complete failure situation. By the end of the book, you will be competent enough to identify and diagnose the root causes of System Center Configuration Manager administration issues and resolving them. Style and approach An easy to follow yet practical guide that will advise you on what tools and information you have available to troubleshoot with, if you can extend that information and what to look for solving the issues.

Build a powerful and practical jQuery-based framework in order to create mobile-optimized websites About This Book Build websites with jQuery Mobile that work beautifully across a wide range of mobile devices Become a competent jQuery Mobile developer and learn the building blocks of jQuery Mobile’s component-driven design This book covers key concepts but with a focus on providing the practical skills required Who This Book Is For This book is for any web developer who is looking to create mobile-optimized websites. Basic knowledge of HTML is required. Minor familiarity with JavaScript would help but is not required. What You Will Learn Create mobile-optimized sites using simple HTML Structure your sites so users can browse them on mobile devices Find out how to work with multiple pages in the JQM framework and embed multiple pages in HTML files Enhance simple pages using various toolbars Include mobile-optimized forms for interactive sites Convert desktop sites into mobile versions Use HTML5’s local storage feature in jQuery Mobile to include persistent client-side storage Explore the rich sets of widgets and themes available and discover how to modify them for use in your jQuery Mobile site In Detail jQuery Mobile is a HTML5-based touch-optimized web framework. jQuery Mobile can be used to build responsive cross-platform websites and apps for a wide range of smartphones, tablets, and desktop devices. The jQuery Mobile framework can be integrated with other mobile app frameworks such as PhoneGap, IBM Worklight, and more. Introduction to jQuery Mobile explains how to add the framework to your HTML pages to create rich, mobile-optimized web pages with minimal effort. You’ll learn how to use jQuery Mobile’s automatic enhancements and configure the framework for customized, powerful mobile-friendly websites. We then dig into forms, events, and styling. You'll see how jQuery Mobile automatically enhances content, and will find out how to use the JavaScript API to build complex sites. We’ll introduce you to how jQuery Mobile can be themed as well looking into how JavaScript can be used for deep sets of customizations. The examples are ready to run and can be used to help kick-start your own site. Along the way, you will leverage all the concepts you learn to build three sample mobile applications. Style and approach Through a set of easy to follow instructions, we’ll show you how to use jQuery Mobile’s features one easy-to-use widget at a time. You’ll see examples for each feature as well as screenshots to demonstrate what they should look like on a mobile device. You can then take these example files and modify them as you learn to experiment.

Over 50 comprehensive recipes to help you create spectacular maps with OpenLayers 3 About This Book Create highly customized mapping apps for the web with rich interactivity and diverse content using JavaScript See how successful mapping apps work and how they integrate with third-party services Packed full of code examples, screenshots, and explanations from professionals in the industry Who This Book Is For If you are a GIS-related professional with basic knowledge of web technologies and want to gain in-depth knowledge of creating web mapping applications, then this book is for you. The recipes will be appropriately mixed to suit JavaScript beginners or experts and cover basic to advanced topics on OpenLayers. What You Will Learn Create stunning maps, and understand projection. Add customized raster and vector layers Work with important tile providers Work with OGCs, WMS, and WFS compliant servers Read/write features from/to different data sources Style features to improve their visualization Understand events and work with the main controls Enhance maps with HTML5 technologies such as Geolocation In Detail Data visualization and analytics has become an important task across all technology-based industries. OpenLayers 3,is one of the most important and complete open source JavaScript mapping libraries today. Throughout this book, you will go through recipes that expose various features of OpenLayers 3, allowing you to gain an insight into building complex GIS web applications. You’ll get to grips with the basics of creating a map with common functionality and quickly advance to more complicated solutions that address modern challenges. You will explore into maps, raster and vector layers and styling in-depth. This book also includes problem solving and how-to recipes for the most common and important tasks. The range of recipes includes: creating basic maps, working with raster and vector layers, understanding events,working with the main controls, reading features from different data sources, styling features, and understanding the underlying architecture. It will also cover solutions and optimizations to challenges commonly faced in modern applications. Style and approach This book teaches you how to create stunning maps that are highly interactive and visually appealing with the help of 50 handpicked recipes. Each recipe will address your need to visualize data on a map. Just follow the steps in the recipes to create maps of your choice in no time.

Master Bootstrap 4's frontend framework and build your websites faster than ever before About This Book Become an expert in Bootstrap framework, and speed up front-end development and prototyping through real-life examples An applied guide exploring two web applications such as Twitter and Dashboard from scratch Hands on the Bootstrap version 4 even before the official release Who This Book Is For If you are a frontend developer with no knowledge of Bootstrap, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is expected, as well as a reasonable understanding of web frameworks, such as jQuery. What You Will Learn Discover how to use Bootstrap’s components and elements, and to customize them for your own projects Understand the framework’s usage in the best way with the recommended development patterns Create web pages for any kind of device like tablet, mobile, computer, etc. Construct a Twitter app by exploring the advanced bootstrap components like Breadcrumbs, Pagination, Media objects, and so on Combine the power of JavaScript with your Bootstrap app for more functionality Create a Dashboard web app using Bootstrap’s JavaScript plugins Learn the difference between Bootstrap’s version 3 and 4 of the framework Extend your knowledge on Bootstrap’s external plugins, their incorporation and usage In Detail Bootstrap is a free, open source collection of tools that helps developers create websites or web applications. It provides a faster, easier, and less repetitive solution to designing and building applications. Before Bootstrap’s release, it was necessary to import a variety of libraries into your project that offered different components and features for web interface development. Plus with the increased popularity of smartphones there were lack of libraries that could handle the responsiveness of a web page. Bootstrap‘s existence let it quickly become famous as a front-end framework that offered a wide set of tools from page grid up to components that render a web page in the best possible way for any device. This book will be a tutorial covering various examples as well as step-by-step methodology to create interesting web applications using Bootstrap and to understand the front-end framework to its core. We begin with an introduction to the Bootstrap framework and setting up an environment to build a simple web page. We then cover the grid system, basic Bootstrap components, HTML elements, and customization components for responsive and mobile first development. This is presented by creating a beautiful Landing page sample. You will also learn how to create a web application like Twitter by using the full set of components offered in the framework. Finally, you will learn to create a dashboard web app, using Bootstrap to its finest potential including component customizations, event handling, and external library integration. All these examples are explained step-by-step and in depth, while covering the versions 3 and the most recent version 4 of Bootstrap. So, you will be in the state of the art for front-end development. By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the development of a plugin for the framework and Bootstrap’s world which is popular for fast paced front-end web development, used in countless projects all over the world, and now yours. Style and approach This is a step-by-step guide that closely focuses on developing web applications in most objective way solving real-life problems with Bootstrap. It covers two sample web applications, which are explained in detail.