Ce este adev?rul? De unde ?tiu cine sunt? De ce ar trebui s? fim buni? Exist? multe c?r?i despre filosofie. Cu toate acestea, Cine sunt eu? difer? fa?? de celelalte lucr?ri de introducere ?n filosofie. Nimeni nu a reu?it p?n? acum s? pun? cititorul fa??-n fa?? cu marile ?ntreb?ri ale omenirii ?ntr-o manier? at?t de documentat?, de competent? ?i, ?n acela?i timp, cu umor ?i cu elegan??. Prezenta lucrare reprezint? o c?l?torie unic? prin noianul de cuno?tin?e pe care le avem despre om. Precht ne prezint? tot ceea ce este mai nou ?n neuro?tiin??, ?n psihologie ?i ?n filosofie. Fie c? pleac? ?n cercetarea sensului vie?ii pornind de la analiza unui episod din Star Trek sau de la melodia Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds a celor de la Beatles, cartea ne pune ?n fa?a unui traseu captivant, ?n care vom descoperi cele mai surprinz?toare lucruri despre noi ?n?ine.

Volumul cuprinde dou? traduceri clasicizate, semnate de Victor Scorade?, Dincolo de bine ?i de r?u, ?i de Janina Iano?i ?i Horia Stanca, Genealogia moralei. Un mare vinovat f?r? vin?, sihastrul de la Sils-Maria a dinamitat g?ndirea secolului al XIX-lea, figur?nd – al?turi de Dostoievski – printre uria?ii profe?i ai omenirii, care au proorocit nenorocirile ce-au urmat, crimele ?n numele unei idei, rasismul, precum ?i devastatorul totalitarism ro?u. Dincolo de bine ?i de r?u e una dintre capodoperele g?nditorului german.

Walden follows Thoreau's experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson. In Civil Disobedience Thoreau argues that individuals should not permit governments to overrule or atrophy their consciences, and that they have a duty to avoid allowing such acquiescence to enable the government to make them the agents of injustice.

An anthology of several essays by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau. The book includes an introduction entitled 'Biographical Sketch' in which fellow transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson provides a description of Thoreau and nine of nine of Thoreau's essays: Natural History of Massachusetts, A Walk to Wachusett, The Landlord, A Winter Walk, The Succession of Forest Trees, Walking, Autumnal Tints, Wild Apples, and Night and Moonlight.

The Politics of Aristotle is the second part of a treatise of which the Ethics is the first part. It looks back to the Ethics as the Ethics looks forward to the Politics. For Aristotle did not separate, as we are inclined to do, the spheres of the statesman and the moralist. In the Ethics he has described the character necessary for the good life, but that life is for him essentially to be lived in society, and when in the last chapters of the Ethics he comes to the practical application of his inquiries, that finds expression not in moral exhortations addressed to the individual but in a description of the legislative opportunities of the statesman.

Aristotle's Poetics is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first extant philosophical treatise to focus on literary theory. In it, Aristotle offers an account of what he calls poetry.

We must, in the next place, investigate the subject of the dream, and first inquire to which of the faculties of the soul it presents itself, i.e. whether the affection is one which pertains to the faculty of intelligence or to that of sense-perception; for these are the only faculties within us by which we acquire knowledge.

The science which has to do with nature clearly concerns itself for the most part with bodies and magnitudes and their properties and movements, but also with the principles of this sort of substance, as many as they may be. For of things constituted by nature some are bodies and magnitudes, some possess body and magnitude, and some are principles of things which possess these. Now a continuum is that which is divisible into parts always capable of subdivision, and a body is that which is every way divisible.

Emile is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the best and most important of all his writings. During the French Revolution, Emile served as the inspiration for what became a new national system of education.

I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion.

The Doctrine of the Mean is a text rich with symbolism and guidance to perfecting oneself. The person who follows the mean is on a path of duty and must never leave it. A superior person is cautious, a gentle teacher and shows no contempt for his or her inferiors.

On the defeat of Pharnaces and reduction of Africa, those who escaped from those battles fled to young Cn. Pompey, who had taken possession of Further Spain, while Caesar was detained in Italy in exhibiting games. Pompey began to throw himself on the protection of every state, in order the more readily to establish the means of defense against him. Accordingly, with a considerable force which had been collected, partly by entreaty, partly by force, he began to lay waste the province. Under these circumstances some states voluntarily sent him supplies, others shut the gates of their towns against him. If any of these chanced to fall into his hands by assault, although some citizen in it had deserved well of Cn. Pompey (his father), yet some cause was alleged against him on account of the greatness of his wealth, so that, he being dispatched, his fortune might become the reward of the soldiers.

While these things were going forward in Spain, Caius Trebonius, Caesar's lieutenant, who had been left to conduct the assault of Massilia, began to raise a mound, vineae, and turrets against the town, on two sides; one of which was next the harbor and docks, the other on that part where there is a passage from Gaul and Spain to that sea which forces itself up the mouth of the Rhone. For Massilia is washed almost on three sides by the sea, the remaining fourth part is the only side which has access by land.

Geli?mi?li?in ??karsamalar?nda ilk akla gelen ?l?üt, meden? olarak ilerleme kaydetti?ini iddi? eden, d??avurumcu insanlar toplulu?unun bencil yap?la?mas?ndan ge?mektedir. Ara?t?rmalar sonucunda elde edilebilen, g?rsel, i?itsel, yaz?l?, ar?iv v.b tüm veriler do?rultusunda ayd?nlat?lm?? ger?ekler düny?si mevcuttur. Asalak olarak hayata tutunmaya ?al??an, ?z bireyci katmanlar?n en alt?na indirgenmi? insan say?lan varl?klar?n, niteliksel ?zelliklerle ?a?a tutunmas? imk?nsizdir. "En ?ok ben kazanay?m." s?yleminden yola ??karak, rahatl?k ve konforun adresinde bulu?an simbiyoz ya?ant?lar?n; ?a?d??? kalm??, kendi dü?üncesi h?ricindekileri yok sayan, ?ok katmanl? yüzeysel düny?s?nda gezinmenin verdi?i ferahl?k, bir?ok insan? cezbederek, ?ekilsiz ya?ant? portrelerini bilfiil olu?turmu?tur. Dü?ünceleri ve mevc?diyeti ?imento ile kaplanan nesillerin, zenginlik saltanat?na ayak ba?? olmas?ndan korkan erkin, katmerli yapt?r?mlar? bulunmaktad?r. D??s?z kalm?? medeniyetin, ??karsamalarla dolu ??karc? düny?s?nda, kendine en ufak bir yer edinimini ba?ar? sayan birey, ya?ant? düny?sinin ger?ek yüzeyine ula?t??? i?in mutlu olmal? m?d?r? G?rülen ve g?sterilen, verilen, yapt?r?lan tüm edimlerin ve edinimlerin, do?rultusunda, bireyin ??karc? sistem adamlar? ile yapt??? yolculu?a dikkat etmesi gerekir. Ritüel h?line gelmi?, paradoksal d?ngüde her d?im ba?lad??? yerden farkl? bir sona ula?mas? gereken yolculu?u yapan bireyin de, beklentisi bu olan macer?s?nda, üzüntü ve yenilgi verici sonucun, ayn? ?ekilde ikinci, ü?üncü defa ger?ekle?mesi ve ?o?u insan?n, bunun fark?ndal???nda olmay???n?n verdi?i bocalamayla ge?en ?mrünün c?resizli?inde ??rp?nmas? ve bo?ulmas? an meselesidir. Yapt?r?mlar yapt?r?mlar?, bilgisizlik ve c?hillik yeni olu?umlar? tetikleyecektir. ?nemli olan her insan?n asl?nda bir paradoks denkleminde, paradoks yolunda oldu?unu bilmesi ve ba?lad??? noktaya geldi?inde, nas?l bir düzenin i?erisinde ritüel yapt???n?n fark?nda olmas? gerekmektedir. Naz?re davran??lar?, sistem i?erisinde en az?ndan denemek, ayn? dü?üncede bulunan insanlar? bir araya getirmek ?artt?r. Ulusal bilincin her d?im uyan?k tutulmas?, paradokslarla sava??n en mükemmel ?rneklerinden birini olu?turacakt?r. ?nsan?n kat etti?i yol da, bu s?yede dünden kopu?un de?il, yar?n?n güvence alt?na al?nmas?n? tetikleyecektir. Yar?n? güvence alt?na al?nan bireyler de; kof, mesnetsiz, yalan ve riy?karl??a dayal? sistemleri ??kertme ve kendi hastal?kl? sistemlerini dayatmaya ?al??an ?o?unlu?un, katmerli ezici üstünlü?ü alt?nda direni? g?stermenin, mutlak gayreti i?erisinde olacakt?r. ?nsan?n yahut insanl???n bu eylemi ger?ekle?tirmeye ?al??mas?n?, en az?ndan denemesini diliyorum. N??M ONUR TEZMEN, 2013 MUSTAFA VE AY?E Mustafa’ya g?re; canl?lar?n, kompleks ya?am süreci i?erisinde, kabullenebilir davran?? grafi?ini topluma uydurmak ve o uyumu devam ettirme g?revi, bireysel sorumluluk gerektirmekteydi. Toplum i?erisindeki statüsünü belirleyen birtak?m rolleri üstlenen bireyin, davran?? biliminde girece?i rollerin karma?as?na kap?lmadan, gerekli ve ?l?ülü davran??, sosyal bilim do?rulu?u vey? bu do?rulu?a en yak?n olmay? gerektiren tüm birle?imler; bireyin ?zünü, karakterini ve bili?sel zek?sini olu?turmaktayd?. En az?ndan Mustafa'n?n dü?ünceleri ?????nda, akl?n? yordu?u; bilgi, kültür, gelenek ve g?renek birikimi ile a??klamas? buydu. Varolu?unun aksine, ayn? y?nde kürek ?ekmesine ba?l? olan ya?amsal uzamda, kendi do?ruluk pay?n? olu?turmas? ve bu pay?, ?evresindeki insanlara sunmas?, ona zevkli bir hus? veriyordu. Mustafa’ya g?re bilgelik, kazan?lan tecrübelerle birlikte, birikimlerin, paralel vey? ayn? düzlem i?erisinde hareket ettirebilmenin yoluydu. Bundan ??karacak ders de, birine bir do?ruyu empoze etmeden, ikn? k?biliyetini, ki?inin benzer birle?imlerinde ivme kazanan ara?lar gibi haz?rlamak ve var??a ondan ?nce vararak, kendi do?rusunun en yak?n bile?enine, kar??s?ndaki insan? ?ekebilmekti.

Elveink nem tudnak olyan szilárdak lenni, mint naiv pillanatainkban gondolnánk, mert világunkat az érzelmek, az értelem és a hit folyton változó egyensúlya tartja ?ssze. Az ember hajlamos nagy titkokat sejteni ott, ahol egyszer?en csak nagyobb er?k m?k?dnek, mint amiket uralni tud. Azonnal a nagy titkot keresi, amikor kiemelked? tehetségekkel találkozik, amikor a hit alapvet? kérdéseit firtatja, amikor a saját érzelmeit vizsgálja, és akkor is, amikor a tudomány eszk?zeivel igyekszik mélyebben megérteni a világot. Pedig: ?A nagy titok az, hogy nincs titok”. ?j k?nyvében Mér? László az elvek, az érzelmek, a hit és a tudomány erejét valamint korlátait járja k?rül. A csattanós, “?tperces” esszék felvillantják a témák kül?nféle arcait a mindennapi életben, a hosszabbak pedig bemutatják, mit tett mindehhez a modern pszichológia.

Lucrarea adun? eseuri filozofice ?i evoc? figuri de marc? ale culturii rom?ne.

Cum a fost ?nceputul, de unde ?i de ce a venit Universul la fiin??? Cine a creat, de fapt, via?a pe P?m?nt ?i cum va fi Sf?r?itul? Ce se ?nt?mpl? atunci c?nd murim ?i unde ajungem dup? aceea? ?i, la urma urmei, ce contur trebuie s?-i d?m vie?ii noastre dac? Dumnezeu nu exist?? Miturile ?i speran?ele noastre ofer? r?spunsuri convenabile, dar periculoase, la aceste ?ntreb?ri ?ntruc?t ?ntre?in iluzii care ne sporesc, ?n realitate, angoasa ?i la?itatea. Avem, totu?i, o alternativ?: apelul la metodele ?i descoperirile ?tiin?ei pentru a repune lucrurile ?i problemele ?n contextul din care au fost decupate din ignoran?? sau din r?utate. Despre via?? ?i moarte reabiliteaz? acest tip de demers ?ntr-un periplu scris cu umor, dar ?i cu seriozitate, cu elegan??, dar ?i cu duio?ie.

Publicat? ini?ial, ?n prima edi?ie ?n 1785, cu titlul Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, este una dintre cele mai influente crea?ii din ?ntreaga oper? filosofic? a lui Immanuel Kant ?i, totodat?, un reper ?n istoria filosofiei universale. Lucrarea filosofului german cuprinde o prefa??, trei sec?iuni – Trecerea de la cunoa?terea ra?ional? comun? a moravurilor la aceea filosofic?, Trecerea de la ?n?elepciunea moral? popular? la metafizica moravurilor, Trecerea de la metafizica moravurilor la critica ra?iunii pure practice – ?i o remarc? final?, precedate de nota traduc?torului, Valentin Mure?an. ?n prefa??, Kant pledeaz? pentru o metafizic? a moravurilor ?i discut? despre metodologia pe care a folosit-o. El porne?te de la ?mp?r?irea filosofiei grece?ti ?n fizic?, etic? ?i logic?. ?n prima sec?iune, dup? cum ?i titlul sugereaz?, se face trecerea de la forma cunoa?terii comune privind moravurile la cea filosofic?. El discut?, printre altele, despre voin?a bun? ?i datorie. ?n sec?iunea a doua se aprofundeaz? problema imperativelor. ?n ultima sec?iune, Kant discut? despre voin??, libertate. De fapt, cea de-a treia sec?iune reprezint? punctul de pornire de la care Kant a dezvoltat Critica ra?iunii practice, publicat? ?n 1788.

Despre guvernarea reprezentativ” este o carte plin de surprize i sugestii despre bunele practici ale guvernrii, care nu trebuie s lipseasc din bibliotecile celor preocupai de zona politicii. Volumul de fa a vzut prima dat lumina tiparului n 1861 i reunete principiile la care a lucrat filosoful britanic John Stuart Mill n cea mai mare parte a vieii sale. Aceast lucrare publicat la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea i pstreaz prospeimea i relevana pn astzi, cnd suntem tot mai aproape de a ncheia a doua decad a secolului XXI. n primul rnd, pentru c imagineaz pn n cele mai mici detalii acel model politic pe care l numim democraia reprezentativ”. Winston Churchill spunea despre acesta c este prost, dar e cel mai bun dintre cele pe care le-a inventat omenirea”. John Stuart Mill i descrie organizarea, detaliaz rolul instituiilor, felul n care sunt alei sau numii demnitarii i explic atribuiile fiecruia. Pune n eviden atu-urile, dar i vulnerabilitile guvernrii reprezentative, comparnd-o cu alte sisteme politice din vremea sa. n final, ajunge la o concluzie foarte asemntoare cu cea a premierului britanic din secolul urmtor. Colecia IN NUCE reunete fragmente venic verzi” din cultura omenirii, mpletind discursuri din art, literatur, tiine sociale i religie. Dincolo de renumele autorilor i de valoarea titlurilor pentru fiecare domeniu n parte, acestea sunt pilde ale nelepciunii universale din toate vremurile. De acelasi autor: Utilitarismul

Avem o carte preponderent de sondare a mentalit??ii ruse, care este rezultatul unei radiografieri a societ??ii pe mai multe pali?ere, dintre care se deta?eaz? cel istoric ?i cel religios. (…) Rusia bolnav? este scris? ?n primii ani dup? evenimentele revolu?ionare din 1905?l907, ?n cursul c?rora autorul a avut o participare activ?, mai ales ?n ce prive?te punerea acestei revolu?ii sub semnul lui Hris?tos. Este o carte important? tocmai pentru c? oglinde?te deziluziile unei naturi pasiona?le, care, ?n centrul istoriei ?i al religiei, pune mereu fapta. Fire?te acum, dup? Arhipelagul lui Soljeni??n, pamfletele lui Merejkovski par simple exerci?ii de stil, ?nelibertatea” deza?vuat? ?n ele, Rusia ?arist? ca ??nchisoare a popoarelor” ap?r?nd chiar foarte apropiat? de ceea ce s?ar putea numi ?stat de drept”. ?n privin?a ?demasc?rii” ororilor contemporane?it??ii, putem spune c? – a?a cum au dovedit?o deceniile bol?evice – ?ntotdeauna este loc de mai r?u. (Emil Iordache)

innd seama de multiplele referiri la istorie, ct i de importana i relevana perspectivei temporal-istorice pentru orice alt tem, ajungem firesc la cardinalitatea istoriei n discursul lui Emil Cioran. n noianul tuturor temelor sale obsesive, istoria este o mega-tem, aflat n puternice raporturi cu celelalte. Aderena i entuziasmul pentru studiul problemelor de filosofia istoriei le gsim mrturisite nc de la nceputul traseului, n cteva scrisori ctre Bucur incu din anii ‘30. n acele scrisori vorbete de pasiune, de gndire spontan i personal, de adaptare natural asupra domeniului, i se arat ncredinat c, alturi de problemele de filosofia culturii i antropologiei filosofice, problemele de filosofia istoriei nu pot concepe c lea prsi vreodat. Dintre multiplele justificri ulterioare – opuse ca atitudine fa de cele din perioada iniial, dar care marcheaz aceeai aderen –, s punem dou n corelaie, scrise n ani apropiai, n care preocuparea pentru istorie este descris prin stri de dependen: slbiciune, sete, patim.“ – Ioan Costea