Micrographia is a historic book by Robert Hooke, detailing the then thirty-year-old Hooke's observations through various lenses. Published in September 1665, the first major publication of the Royal Society, it was the first scientific best-seller, inspiring a wide public interest in the new science of microscopy. It is also notable for coining the biological term cell. Observations: Hooke most famously describes a fly's eye and a plant cell (where he coined that term because plant cells, which are walled, reminded him of a monk's quarters). Known for its spectacular copperplate engravings of the miniature world, particularly its fold-out plates of insects, the text itself reinforces the tremendous power of the new microscope. The plates of insects fold out to be larger than the large folio itself, the engraving of the louse in particular folding out to four times the size of the book. Although the book is best known for demonstrating the power of the microscope, Micrographia also describes distant planetary bodies, the wave theory of light, the organic origin of fossils, and various other philosophical and scientific interests of its author. Publication: Published under the aegis of The Royal Society, the popularity of the book helped further the society's image and mission of being "the" scientifically progressive organization of London. Micrographia also focused attention on the miniature world, capturing the public's imagination in a radically new way. This impact is illustrated by Samuel Pepys' reaction upon completing the tome: "the most ingenious book that I ever read in my life." Hooke also selected several objects of human origin; among these objects were the jagged edge of a honed razor and the point of a needle, seeming blunt under the microscope. His goal may well have been as a way to contrast the flawed products of mankind with the perfection of nature (and hence, in the spirit of the times, of biblical creation). About Author: Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.His adult life comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but eventually becoming ill and party to jealous intellectual disputes. These issues may have contributed to his relative historical obscurity. He was at one time simultaneously the curator of experiments of the Royal Society and a member of its council, Gresham Professor of Geometry and a Surveyor to the City of London after the Great Fire of London, in which capacity he appears to have performed more than half of all the surveys after the fire. He was also an important architect of his time – though few of his buildings now survive and some of those are generally misattributed – and was instrumental in devising a set of planning controls for London whose influence remains today. Allan Chapman has characterised him as "England's Leonardo".Robert Gunther's Early Science in Oxford, a history of science in Oxford during the Protectorate, Restoration and Age of Enlightenment, devotes five of its fourteen volumes to Hooke.Hooke studied at Wadham College during the Protectorate where he became one of a tightly knit group of ardent Royalists led by John Wilkins. Here he was employed as an assistant to Thomas Willis and to Robert Boyle, for whom he built the vacuum pumps used in Boyle's gas law experiments. He built some of the earliest Gregorian telescopes and observed the rotations of Mars and Jupiter. In 1665 he inspired the use of microscopes for scientific exploration with his book, Micrographia. Based on his microscopic observations of fossils, Hooke was an early proponent of biological evolution. He investigated the phenomenon of refraction, deducing the wave theory of light, and was the first to suggest that matter expands when heated and that air is made of small particles separated by relatively large distances. He performed pioneering work in the field of surveying and map-making and was involved in the work, though his plan for London on a grid system was rejected in favour of rebuilding along the existing routes. He also came near to an experimental proof that gravity follows an inverse square law, and hypothesised that such a relation governs the motions of the planets, an idea which was subsequently developed by Newton.

On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Its full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. For the sixth edition of 1872, the short title was changed to The Origin of Species. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Various evolutionary ideas had already been proposed to explain new findings in biology. There was growing support for such ideas among dissident anatomists and the general public, but during the first half of the 19th century the English scientific establishment was closely tied to the Church of England, while science was part of natural theology. Ideas about the transmutation of species were controversial as they conflicted with the beliefs that species were unchanging parts of a designed hierarchy and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream. The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During the "eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences. Summary of Darwin's theory: Darwin's theory of evolution is based on key facts and the inferences drawn from them, which biologist Ernst Mayr summarised as follows: ? Every species is fertile enough that if all offspring survived to reproduce the population would grow (fact).? Despite periodic fluctuations, populations remain roughly the same size (fact).? Resources such as food are limited and are relatively stable over time (fact).? A struggle for survival ensues (inference).? Individuals in a population vary significantly from one another (fact).? Much of this variation is inheritable (fact).? Individuals less suited to the environment are less likely to survive and less likely to reproduce; individuals more suited to the environment are more likely to survive and more likely to reproduce and leave their inheritable traits to future generations, which produces the process of natural selection (inference).? This slowly effected process results in populations changing to adapt to their environments, and ultimately, these variations accumulate over time to form new species (inference).

I shall be grateful to any Reader of this book who will point out any mistakes or misprints he may happen to notice in it, or any passage which he thinks is not clearly expressed. I have a quantity of MS. in hand for Parts II and III, and hope to be able——should life, and health, and opportunity, be granted to me, to publish them in the course of the next few years. Their contents will be as follows:— PART II. ADVANCED.Further investigations in the subjects of Part I. Propositions of other forms (such as “Not-all x are y”). Triliteral and Multiliteral Propositions (such as “All abc are de”). Hypotheticals. Dilemmas. &c. &c. Part III. TRANSCENDENTAL.Analysis of a Proposition into its Elements. Numerical and Geometrical Problems. The Theory of Inference. The Construction of Problems. And many other Curiosa Logica. Introduction TO LEARNERS.[N.B. Some remarks, addressed to Teachers, will be found in the Appendix]The Learner, who wishes to try the question fairly, whether this little book does, or does not, supply the materials for a most interesting mental recreation, is earnestly advised to adopt the following Rules:— (1) Begin at the beginning, and do not allow yourself to gratify a mere idle curiosity by dipping into the book, here and there. This would very likely lead to your throwing it aside, with the remark “This is much too hard for me!”, and thus losing the chance of adding a very large item to your stock of mental delights. This Rule (of not dipping) is very desirable with other kinds of books——such as novels, for instance, where you may easily spoil much of the enjoyment you would otherwise get from the story, by dipping into it further on, so that what the author meant to be a pleasant surprise comes to you as a matter of course. Some people, I know, make a practice of looking into Vol. III first, just to see how the story ends: and perhaps it is as well just to know that all ends happily——that the much-persecuted lovers do marry after all, that he is proved to be quite innocent of the murder, that the wicked cousin is completely foiled in his plot and gets the punishment he deserves, and that the rich uncle in India (Qu. Why in India? Ans. Because, somehow, uncles never can get rich anywhere else) dies at exactly the right moment——before taking the trouble to read Vol. I. This, I say, is just permissible with a novel, where Vol. III has a meaning, even for those who have not read the earlier part of the story; but, with a scientific book, it is sheer insanity: you will find the latter part hopelessly unintelligible, if you read it before reaching it in regular course. (2) Don’t begin any fresh Chapter, or Section, until you are certain that you thoroughly understand the whole book up to that point, and that you have worked, correctly, most if not all of the examples which have been set. So long as you are conscious that all the land you have passed through is absolutely conquered, and that you are leaving no unsolved difficulties behind you, which will be sure to turn up again later on, your triumphal progress will be easy and delightful. Otherwise, you will find your state of puzzlement get worse and worse as you proceed, till you give up the whole thing in utter disgust. (3) When you come to any passage you don’t understand, read it again: if you still don’t understand it, read it again: if you fail, even after three readings, very likely your brain is getting a little tired. In that case, put the book away, and take to other occupations, and next day, when you come to it fresh, you will very likely find that it is quite easy.(4) If possible, find some genial friend, who will read the book along with you, and will talk over the difficulties with you. Talking is a wonderful smoother-over of difficulties. When I come upon anything——in Logic or in any other hard subject——that entirely puzzles me, I find it a capital plan to talk it over, aloud. ? ? ? ? ? L. C.29, Bedford Street, Strand. February 21, 1896.

Not many years ago the group Insecta was held even by Zoologists to include numberless small creatures—centipedes, spiders, mites, etc.—which further study has shown to present essential differences of structure, and in popular language any fairly minute animal is still an insect, just as any insect is popularly a “fly”—or, in the United States, a “bug.” Scientifically the use of the term Insect is now much restricted, though still extensive enough in all conscience, since it includes many more than a quarter of a million known species. Zoologists recognise a large group of animals characterised by having no internal skeleton but a more or less firm external coating of a peculiar substance called chitin, often strengthened by calcareous deposits, which necessitates the presence of joints in their bodies, and especially in their limbs if they are to move freely, just as medieval suits of armour required to be jointed. These are the Arthropoda. One subdivision of this group consists of aquatic animals, breathing by gills, and known as Crustacea. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps and “water-fleas” are familiar examples, and with the exception of the so-called land-crabs the only Crustaceans habitually found on land are wood-lice. The other Arthropoda are air-breathing, and since their characteristic breathing organs are branching tubes known as tracheae, the term Tracheata is sometimes used to include them all. They fall naturally into three divisions, the Myriapoda, the Insecta and the Arachnida, and it is in this last-named division that we shall find the spiders. The Myriapoda are the centipedes and millipedes, and having said this we may dismiss them, for insects and arachnids are strictly limited as to legs; and no myriapod can ever be mistaken for a spider. The Arachnida are so varied in structure that it is not easy to give characteristics common to them all, and to any general statement there are bound to be exceptions, but for practical purposes it may be said that while an insect, when mature, has only six legs, and a pair of feelers or antennae of quite different structure, Arachnids have normally eight legs, and their feeling organs are not antennae but leg-like “pedipalps.”

Disciplina affascinante e misteriosa, la Selfica permette di realizzare oggetti in metallo, inchiostri e colori in grado di interagire positivamente con l’ambiente e permettono a chi li possiede di aumentare il benessere personale, la sensibilità, l’equilibrio psicofisico. Le “self”– siano esse gioielli, strutture per l’ambiente o quadri – aiutano chi le usa a conoscere meglio se stessi e a entrare in contatto con dimensioni energetiche e campi di informazioni differenti da quelli in cui siamo normalmente immersi. La Selfica – sviluppata attraverso le ricerche e gli insegnamenti di Oberto Airaudi, Falco Tarassaco, ispiratore di Damanhur, Federazione di Comunità – è in realtà un’arte-scienza antichissima, già conosciuta da molti popoli del passato. Questo libro racconta le sperimentazioni di numerosi ricercatori e appassionati, raccolte dall’Autrice, protagonista a sua volta di molte esperienze appassionanti. ? un viaggio in una nuova dimensione dove tempo, spazio, emozione e memoria rispondono a leggi molto diverse da quelle a cui siamo abituati...

Восстановление зрения без вмешательства врачей! Здесь детально описаны самые действенные методики улучшения зрения Э. Аветисова, М. Норбекова, П. Брэгга, У. Бейтса. Книга расскажет, как избавиться от проблем со зрением, а тесты позволят выявить различные заболевания глаз на ранней стадии. Также вы узнаете о проверенных веками способах восстановления зрения с помощью йоги, аюрведы, цигуна и др. Средства народной медицины, упражнения и рекомендации по лечебному питанию помогут излечить глаукому, катаракту и др. Vosstanovlenie zrenija bez vmeshatel'stva vrachej! Zdes' detal'no opisany samye dejstvennye metodiki uluchshenija zrenija Je. Avetisova, M. Norbekova, P. Brjegga, U. Bejtsa. Kniga rasskazhet, kak izbavit'sja ot problem so zreniem, a testy pozvoljat vyjavit' razlichnye zabolevanija glaz na rannej stadii. Takzhe vy uznaete o proverennyh vekami sposobah vosstanovlenija zrenija s pomoshh'ju jogi, ajurvedy, ciguna i dr. Sredstva narodnoj mediciny, uprazhnenija i rekomendacii po lechebnomu pitaniju pomogut izlechit' glaukomu, kataraktu i dr.

Автор книги?– кандидат медицинских наук, врач с?многолетним опытом – просто и?понятно рассказывает о?здоровье и?отвечает на?самые распространенные вопросы. ? Предвестники серьезных недугов ??Факторы риска заболеваний сердца ??Тест на?определение склонности к?гипертонии ? Симптомы и диагностика распространенных заболеваний ??При каких признаках нужно немедленно обращаться к?врачу ??Традиционные и?народные способы профилактики и?лечения артериальной гипертензии, ишемической болезни, стенокардии, аритмии, сердечной недостаточности и?др. ??Лечение травами ??Лечебное питание ??Лечебная физкультура и?многое другое. Avtor knigi?– kandidat medicinskih nauk, vrach s?mnogoletnim opytom – prosto i?ponjatno rasskazyvaet o?zdorov'e i?otvechaet na?samye rasprostranennye voprosy. ? Predvestniki ser'eznyh nedugov ??Faktory riska zabolevanij serdca ??Test na?opredelenie sklonnosti k?gipertonii ? Simptomy i diagnostika rasprostranennyh zabolevanij ??Pri kakih priznakah nuzhno nemedlenno obrashhat'sja k?vrachu ??Tradicionnye i?narodnye sposoby profilaktiki i?lechenija arterial'noj gipertenzii, ishemicheskoj bolezni, stenokardii, aritmii, serdechnoj nedostatochnosti i?dr. ??Lechenie travami ??Lechebnoe pitanie ??Lechebnaja fizkul'tura i?mnogoe drugoe.

Realmente, o estudo dos fluidos e das for?as radiantes leva, necessariamente, às formas invisíveis da vida, pois a elas se relaciona fortemente. E por aí que a Ciência nova chegará a reconhecer a existência do mundo dos espíritos e que as imensas perspectivas do Além se abrir abrir?o diante dela.'

Darwin, ?nsan dahil tüm canl? türlerinin do?al se?i-lim yoluyla bir ya da birka? ortak ata-dan evrildi?ini ?ne sürmü? ve o günün ?artlar?na g?re bu teoriyi destekleyen pek ?ok kan?t sunmu?tur. Darwin'in fikirleri üzerine in?a edilen modern evrim teorisi, bugün biyoloji biliminin temeli ve birle?tirici ??esidir. Evrimin ger?ekle?ti?i ger?e?i Charles Darwin'in ya?ad??? d?nemde, do?al se?ilim teorisinin evrimin ana a??klamas? oldu?u ise 1930'lu y?llarda bilim dünyas? taraf?ndan kabul g?rmü?tür. Darwin'in orijinal teorileri modern evrimsel biyolojinin temelini olu?turmakta, hayat?n ?e?itlili?i üzerine birle?tirici bir mant?ksal a??klama sunmaktad?r. Darwin'in Hayat? da dahil Evrim teorisi ve türlerin k?keni eserini tüm y?nleriyle ele alan bu ba?ucu eserini mutlaka okuman?z? ?neriyoruz.. DARW?N K?MD?R? ?nsan dahil tüm?canl??türlerinin?do?al se?ilim?yoluyla bir ya da birka??ortak atadan?evrildi?ini??ne sürmü? ve o günün ?artlar?na g?re bu teoriyi destekleyen pek ?ok kan?t sunmu?tur.?Darwin'in fikirleri üzerine in?a edilen modern?evrim teorisi, bugün?biyoloji?biliminin temeli ve birle?tirici ??esidir. Evrimin ger?ekle?ti?i ger?e?i Charles Darwin'in ya?ad??? d?nemde, do?al se?ilim teorisinin evrimin ana a??klamas? oldu?u ise 1930'lu y?llarda bilim dünyas? taraf?ndan kabul g?rmü?tür.?Darwin'in orijinal teorileri modern evrimsel biyolojinin temelini olu?turmakta, hayat?n ?e?itlili?i üzerine birle?tirici bir mant?ksal a??klama sunmaktad?r. Darwin'in?do?a tarihine?duydu?u ilgi, ?nce?Edinburgh ?niversitesi'nde?t?p, sonra?Cambridge ?niversitesi'nde?teoloji?okurken geli?ti. Beagle?gemisinde yapt??? be? senelik yolculuk s?ras?nda, zaman?n me?hur jeolo?u?Charles Lyell'?n ortaya att???, ge?mi?teki jeolojik süre?lerin bugünkülerle ayn? oldu?unu savunan teoriyi destekleyecek pek ?ok g?zlem yapt? ve iyi bir jeolog olarak ünlendi.?Ayn? yolculukta, canl?lar?n co?rafi da??l?m? ve?fosiller?üzerine yapt??? dikkatli g?zlemler sonucunda, türlerin birbirine d?nü?ümüyle ilgilenmeye ba?lad? ve 1838'de?do?al se?ilim?fikrini geli?tirdi.?Daha ?nce benzer fikirlerin "sapk?nl?k" olarak nitelendirildi?ini ve bast?r?ld???n? g?rmü? oldu?undan, uzun süre fikirlerini en yak?n arkada?lar? d???nda kimseye a?mad?.?Olas? itirazlara en iyi ?ekilde cevap verebilmek i?in ara?t?rma yapmaya ve kan?t toplamaya ba?lad?.?1858'de?Alfred Russell Walla-ce'dan ald??? bir mektubu okuyunca, Wallace-'?n da kendisininkine benzer bir teori geli?tirdi?ini anlad?, ve nihayet teorisini yay?mlamaya karar verdi. 1859'da yay?mlad????On the Origin of Speci-es?(Türlerin K?keni ?zerine) adl? kitab?, canl?lar?n ortak atalardan evrilerek ?e?itlendi?i fikrinin geni? kabul g?rmesini sa?lad?. Daha sonra yay?mlad????The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex?(?nsan?n Türeyi?i, ve Cinsiyete Mahsus Se?ilim) kitab?nda insan evrimini ve cinsel se?ilim fikrini inceledi.?The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (?nsan ve Hayvanlarda Duygular?n ?fadesi) adl? kitab?nda ise insanlar?n ve hayvanlar?n duygular?n? ifade edi? ?ekilleri aras?ndaki benzerlikleri ortaya koydu.

Inside-Out Weight Loss focuses on changing relationships with food by 're-programming' behaviour. Understanding that control and choice around food is managed at an unconscious level Louise Dorrian gently guides you to develop an awareness of food habits and compulsions that stem from 'thought processes' and result in overeating. Easy to understand and use techniques change the unhelpful thought processes and combine with the hypnotic recordings to transform your relationship with food and eating behaviours. Already proven to be successful and result in weight loss with Louise's private clients this program is available for the first time in book format and mp3 downloads. No diets, eating plans or strict regimes, just a natural, easy and rewarding route to weight loss and wellbeing.

Mathematical Thaumaturgy: Doing The Math that Make You Laugh

The Physics and Technology of Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Practitioner's Guide

Universe: The Solar System and Beyond

This eBook features the unabridged text of ‘The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ from the bestselling edition of ‘The Complete Works of James Fenimore Cooper’. Having established their name as the leading publisher of classic literature and art, Delphi Classics produce publications that are individually crafted with superior formatting, while introducing many rare texts for the first time in digital print. The Delphi Classics edition of Cooper includes original annotations and illustrations relating to the life and works of the author, as well as individual tables of contents, allowing you to navigate eBooks quickly and easily. eBook features: * The complete unabridged text of ‘The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ * Beautifully illustrated with images related to Cooper’s works * Individual contents table, allowing easy navigation around the eBook * Excellent formatting of the text Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to learn more about our wide range of titles

This eBook features the unabridged text of ‘Herman Melville Man, Mariner and Mystic by Raymond Weaver by Herman Melville - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ from the bestselling edition of ‘The Complete Works of Herman Melville’. Having established their name as the leading publisher of classic literature and art, Delphi Classics produce publications that are individually crafted with superior formatting, while introducing many rare texts for the first time in digital print. The Delphi Classics edition of Melville includes original annotations and illustrations relating to the life and works of the author, as well as individual tables of contents, allowing you to navigate eBooks quickly and easily. eBook features: * The complete unabridged text of ‘Herman Melville Man, Mariner and Mystic by Raymond Weaver by Herman Melville - Delphi Classics (Illustrated)’ * Beautifully illustrated with images related to Melville’s works * Individual contents table, allowing easy navigation around the eBook * Excellent formatting of the text Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to learn more about our wide range of titles

A fascinating guide to some of the greatest stargazers in history, including Copernicus, Galileo, Halley, Newton, Brahe and many more.

This is a small book on a large subject: What is special about human beings? Hamlet mused, 'What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason! how like a god!' but went on to speak of 'this quintessence of dust'. Helen Oppenheimer prefers to start with the dust and move to the glory: we really are animals - and from these animals has come Shakespeare. People are indeed 'miserable sinners' - and also magnificent creatures.The author does not disguise that she is a Christian theologian whose subject is ethics, but she writes equally for non-Christians. Her invitation to the reader is: Here is a way of looking at things that I find exciting and convincing - I hope you do too.

A busy person's guide to help you to deal with a negative person. This guide covers dealing with negative people at home and at work regardless of their position in relation to the reader. It provides practical and proven tips and strategies to getting people to cheer up and get on with life. It also helps to identify the more serious issue of stress.

‘IT’S THE NIGHTS that are the worst. I don’t know where he is, but my imagination tells me he is close at hand. In daylight I can keep the fears down; at night I am alone with the terror that he has created. If he rings me every ten minutes I think I will go mad with it; if he does not ring I worry that he is outside, watching me.’

Compiled by a team of scientists,and edited by Jill Bailey in consultation with Sir John Burnett, Chairman of the Trustees,National Biodiversity Network and Dr Andrew Lack,Senior Lecturer in Environmental Biology,Oxford Brookes University

Angela & John Hicks are the joint principals of the College of Integrated Chinese medicine in Reading. Angela is author of The Five Laws for Healthy Living, Principles of Acupuncture and Principles of Chinese Medicine. John is author of Principles of Chinese Herbal Medicine. They have been practising for over 17 years.