《五十年来的中国哲学》是贺麟先生对从1884年孙中山创立兴中会到1949年中国人民共和国建立这段时期，现代中国哲学发展历史的介绍。这一时期中国哲学界的主要特是，西方哲学的介绍与引，以及对儒家思想的创新与发扬。在这个大背景下，贺麟先生介绍了康有为、谭嗣同、梁启超、章太炎、熊十力、胡适、金岳霖、冯友兰、洪谦等思想家的思想，反映出民国学者的学术造诣与学术水准。 　　《五十年来的中国哲学》分上下两编，上编包括“中国哲学的调整与发扬”“西方哲学的绍述与融会”“时代思潮的演变与剖析”三章，从新心学的角度出发，总结了新中国成立之前约五十年时间中国受西方哲学影响，以及西方哲学在中国的传播等内容。下编则深探讨了“知行”学说问题。

维特根斯坦的《哲学研究》是一本晦涩然而又十分重要的哲学著作，它集中了维特根斯坦长期哲学思考的成果，也是他细心编辑、编排过的一本书。 为了方便广大读者阅读和理解《哲学研究》，本书力图逐句逐段地解释该书中的难，厘清段与段之间的逻辑关系，给出维特根斯坦的运思过程，帮助读者弄清楚主题之间的过渡。同时，本书还力图帮助读者区分“维特根斯坦自己”和“对话者”，呈现二者的对话过程，并对维特根斯坦的前后期哲学作出述评。

　　《新教伦理与资本主义精神》是马克斯·韦伯著名的作品。在这部作品中，韦伯提出了一个知名的论：新教教徒的思想影响了资本主义的发展。宗教教徒往往排斥世俗的事务，尤其是经济成就上的追求，但为什么新教教徒却是例外？ 　　韦伯在该书中论述宗教观念（新教伦理）与隐藏在资本主义发展背后的某种心理驱力（资本主义精神）之间的关系。韦伯列举了新教、清教、加尔文教等教徒生活、学习的例子并加以分析得出：资本主义的兴起和成功与新教盛行存在着相互影响的关系。新教世禁欲主义伦理为资本主义企业家提供了心理驱动力和道德能量，从而成为现代资本主义得以兴起的重要条件之一。

人既高贵又渺小，人因思想而高贵，高贵到知道自己渺小和高贵。 人是自然界中*脆弱的东西，所以他是一根芦苇，但他因为会思考，可以囊括宇宙，可以通向无穷，这就是人在宇宙中的全部尊严。人是一根会思考的芦苇。神造天地，而天地不知，唯有人有知。 人因会思考而高于万物，统率万物，高贵得如同世间的王。即使死亡也无法剥夺他的尊严，因为他知道自己将要死亡，而宇宙对此浑然不知。即使他被毁灭了，也是一个被罢黜的国王赴死，因为没有什么东西能剥夺他的尊严和血统，那就是他的思想。

Come on a journey into the nature of consciousness, finding the space 'between thoughts' as the most obvious place to recognize your true and eternal Self. We recognize overlooked aspects of the natural world around us; as ourselves, as well as using nature to demonstrate spiritual concepts such as God, union and liberation. Your true 'nature' awaits...---------------------------"No matter how it is approached, no amount of words will ever transmit to another person the indescribable 'ultimate Truth'. The fact that it's described as indescribable should be enough to stop us trying. Yet it's made even more difficult because of our troublesome human mind. As intelligent and magnificent as it is, it has a deep and tragic habit of confusing the symbols we use (for simple convenience) in our lives, for the actual things or ideas they represent. As Alan Watts used to say, it's like climbing a signpost rather than walking in the direction it points. Our greatest of misunderstandings is that we confuse the story and idea of who we are, with what is actually true; pure and simple. We make a false judgment on who or what we are, and you wouldn't believe the amount of mischief that arises in result.As exaggerated or humorous as all this may sound on first impressions, this habit of confusing symbols for reality is a very real problem plaguing our human world, and the implications are exceptionally far reaching. We have confused such things as money for wealth, status or fame for character and even the virtual world for real - but most appropriate to this book, is that religious or spiritual concepts are always confused for the things they are pointing towards. That's particularly true of our concepts of 'God', particularly true of Buddha's Dharma, particularly true of any teaching towards enlightenment or liberation."---------------------------"OmniscienceOh father in heaven, omniscience cannot be. It makes no sense, no sense to me....***Between thoughts, your functioning remains flawless. Between thoughts you are ego-less, yet still exist...?How is it so that your heart beats without your control?How do migrating birds travel without directions, newborn horses stand straight up and embryos form without instruction. How does a plant know how to flower and a seed mature into a tree??Without thought or instruction, nature around you is already omniscient. Are you different from nature, or one and the same?***Young one, nature already exists in an omniscient state with no mind…?Between thoughts, are you omniscient?Mid-thought, do you believe you're not?"

现代社会遇到了这样的困局：以物质财富为标准来衡量人的价值和意义，人类对于善和自身德性完善的需求得不到应有的观照，人与人、人与物、人与环境之间的精神和解不能实现。但是，在这个困局的迷茫之中，也逐渐露出了新时代的曙光，更好和更高的精神文明将成为时代的重要主题。在这个时代，每个个体都应该懂得精神和解、学会精神和解，与现实共舞，与时代共舞，与历史共舞，与天地、万物、环境共其和，与规律、规则共其和，*可能地实现相互间的精神和解。这是人类乃至世界更好生存和更好发展的立足，也是每个人获得更多、更大的快乐和幸福的*好途径。

《西方政治哲学史》（*卷）由八位杰出学者撰写，内容涵盖了从古希腊到宗教改革的政治思想和政治哲学。*章提供了西方政治思想端处的宏大背景，讨论了希腊城邦与民主思想，以及诗人、剧作家、智者和史学家的政治洞见；第二章到第六章分别聚焦于柏拉图的统一城邦、亚里士多德的*政体、西塞罗的法权国家、奥古斯丁的上帝之城与尘世之城、阿奎那的自然法与政体理论；第七章既从宏观上考察了文艺复兴时期政治思想的巨大变革，又特别讨论了马基雅维利在其中的突出地位；第八章以路德和加尔文的政治思想为主体，同时考察了宗教改革时代的神学—政治问题。全书既关注政治思想的历史语境，又凸显重要思想家的特殊贡献，体现了汉语学界在西方政治哲学史领域的*研究成果。

本书的主要内容在于矫正后人对荀子天论和性论之误解。荀子言天道，分本体与现象两部分。本体不见其事而见其功，皆知其所以成而莫知其无形，这属于天职的部分。现象即能生之本体所产生的自然现象，有其运行的规律，所谓“天行有常”，故人若应之以治则吉，应之以乱则凶，这属于人职的部分。荀子讲明于天人之分，其目的即强调人伪比天性更重要。荀子论性，认为人既有好利疾恶之性，亦有好义欲善之性。但好利疾恶不等于恶，人一味放纵好利疾恶之性，以至争夺生而辞让亡、残贼生而忠信亡，才是恶。同理，好义欲善不等于善，只有学至全尽、知类明统、深思熟虑，实际上建构出礼仪法度来，才是善。荀子批评孟子的性善说是“幽隐而无说，闭约而无解”，是因为孟子不重视后天人为之伪。因此荀子言性，只是本始材朴，无所谓善恶。故与其说荀子是性恶论者，不如说是善伪论者。

立德修身的恒言警句为学立业的至理名言《小窗幽记》为陈眉公所著的修身处世格言，条条都是人生的回味和处世的领悟，体现了儒家修身、齐家、治国、平天下的积极人生态度，又兼容了佛家超凡脱俗和道家清静无为的智慧，历来被称为修身养性、提升自我修养的佳作。

《大众哲学》是艾思奇在20世纪30年代为通俗宣传马克思主义哲学而写的著作。 全书从什么是哲学，唯心论、二元论和唯物论，辩证唯物论的认识论，唯物辩证法的基本规律及唯物辩证法的范畴五个方面对哲学思想行了全面而系统地介绍和阐释。该书自出版以来，一版再版，书中的观不仅在当时成为人们学习马克思主义哲学的启蒙，而且至今仍然具有其理论和现实的意义。 本书*特色就是将深刻的哲学观寓于浅显生动的事例之中，读者可以透过这些事例，发现看似高高在上的哲学思想，其实在人们的日常生活中随处可见。其内容的通俗易懂通俗哲学写作之一代风气。

Geli?mi?li?in ??karsamalar?nda ilk akla gelen ?l?üt, meden? olarak ilerleme kaydetti?ini iddi? eden, d??avurumcu insanlar toplulu?unun bencil yap?la?mas?ndan ge?mektedir. Ara?t?rmalar sonucunda elde edilebilen, g?rsel, i?itsel, yaz?l?, ar?iv v.b tüm veriler do?rultusunda ayd?nlat?lm?? ger?ekler düny?si mevcuttur. Asalak olarak hayata tutunmaya ?al??an, ?z bireyci katmanlar?n en alt?na indirgenmi? insan say?lan varl?klar?n, niteliksel ?zelliklerle ?a?a tutunmas? imk?nsizdir. "En ?ok ben kazanay?m." s?yleminden yola ??karak, rahatl?k ve konforun adresinde bulu?an simbiyoz ya?ant?lar?n; ?a?d??? kalm??, kendi dü?üncesi h?ricindekileri yok sayan, ?ok katmanl? yüzeysel düny?s?nda gezinmenin verdi?i ferahl?k, bir?ok insan? cezbederek, ?ekilsiz ya?ant? portrelerini bilfiil olu?turmu?tur. Dü?ünceleri ve mevc?diyeti ?imento ile kaplanan nesillerin, zenginlik saltanat?na ayak ba?? olmas?ndan korkan erkin, katmerli yapt?r?mlar? bulunmaktad?r. D??s?z kalm?? medeniyetin, ??karsamalarla dolu ??karc? düny?s?nda, kendine en ufak bir yer edinimini ba?ar? sayan birey, ya?ant? düny?sinin ger?ek yüzeyine ula?t??? i?in mutlu olmal? m?d?r? G?rülen ve g?sterilen, verilen, yapt?r?lan tüm edimlerin ve edinimlerin, do?rultusunda, bireyin ??karc? sistem adamlar? ile yapt??? yolculu?a dikkat etmesi gerekir. Ritüel h?line gelmi?, paradoksal d?ngüde her d?im ba?lad??? yerden farkl? bir sona ula?mas? gereken yolculu?u yapan bireyin de, beklentisi bu olan macer?s?nda, üzüntü ve yenilgi verici sonucun, ayn? ?ekilde ikinci, ü?üncü defa ger?ekle?mesi ve ?o?u insan?n, bunun fark?ndal???nda olmay???n?n verdi?i bocalamayla ge?en ?mrünün c?resizli?inde ??rp?nmas? ve bo?ulmas? an meselesidir. Yapt?r?mlar yapt?r?mlar?, bilgisizlik ve c?hillik yeni olu?umlar? tetikleyecektir. ?nemli olan her insan?n asl?nda bir paradoks denkleminde, paradoks yolunda oldu?unu bilmesi ve ba?lad??? noktaya geldi?inde, nas?l bir düzenin i?erisinde ritüel yapt???n?n fark?nda olmas? gerekmektedir. Naz?re davran??lar?, sistem i?erisinde en az?ndan denemek, ayn? dü?üncede bulunan insanlar? bir araya getirmek ?artt?r. Ulusal bilincin her d?im uyan?k tutulmas?, paradokslarla sava??n en mükemmel ?rneklerinden birini olu?turacakt?r. ?nsan?n kat etti?i yol da, bu s?yede dünden kopu?un de?il, yar?n?n güvence alt?na al?nmas?n? tetikleyecektir. Yar?n? güvence alt?na al?nan bireyler de; kof, mesnetsiz, yalan ve riy?karl??a dayal? sistemleri ??kertme ve kendi hastal?kl? sistemlerini dayatmaya ?al??an ?o?unlu?un, katmerli ezici üstünlü?ü alt?nda direni? g?stermenin, mutlak gayreti i?erisinde olacakt?r. ?nsan?n yahut insanl???n bu eylemi ger?ekle?tirmeye ?al??mas?n?, en az?ndan denemesini diliyorum. N??M ONUR TEZMEN, 2013 MUSTAFA VE AY?E Mustafa’ya g?re; canl?lar?n, kompleks ya?am süreci i?erisinde, kabullenebilir davran?? grafi?ini topluma uydurmak ve o uyumu devam ettirme g?revi, bireysel sorumluluk gerektirmekteydi. Toplum i?erisindeki statüsünü belirleyen birtak?m rolleri üstlenen bireyin, davran?? biliminde girece?i rollerin karma?as?na kap?lmadan, gerekli ve ?l?ülü davran??, sosyal bilim do?rulu?u vey? bu do?rulu?a en yak?n olmay? gerektiren tüm birle?imler; bireyin ?zünü, karakterini ve bili?sel zek?sini olu?turmaktayd?. En az?ndan Mustafa'n?n dü?ünceleri ?????nda, akl?n? yordu?u; bilgi, kültür, gelenek ve g?renek birikimi ile a??klamas? buydu. Varolu?unun aksine, ayn? y?nde kürek ?ekmesine ba?l? olan ya?amsal uzamda, kendi do?ruluk pay?n? olu?turmas? ve bu pay?, ?evresindeki insanlara sunmas?, ona zevkli bir hus? veriyordu. Mustafa’ya g?re bilgelik, kazan?lan tecrübelerle birlikte, birikimlerin, paralel vey? ayn? düzlem i?erisinde hareket ettirebilmenin yoluydu. Bundan ??karacak ders de, birine bir do?ruyu empoze etmeden, ikn? k?biliyetini, ki?inin benzer birle?imlerinde ivme kazanan ara?lar gibi haz?rlamak ve var??a ondan ?nce vararak, kendi do?rusunun en yak?n bile?enine, kar??s?ndaki insan? ?ekebilmekti.

„Greu este s? fii bun“. A?a suna verdictul unui filozof presocratic la care m? încruntam abitir pe la 20 de ani. Acum, la 60, dup? ce am înv??at de la aceia?i în?elep?i c? „to?i oamenii sunt r?i“, dar c? „nu trebuie s?-i judeci“, nu m? mai gr?besc cu încruntarea. Doar zâmbesc pu?in ofilit, în dulce resemnare. Cu un astfel de zâmbet – trist, admirativ, îng?duitor ?i comp?timitor totodat? – trebuie întâmpinat (?i f?r? îndoial? iertat) Tomas H., personajul axial din romanul Cameliei Cavadia. Destinat fericirii, dar e?uat lamentabil. Vinovat inocent ?i egofil culpabil. ?i totu?i înseninat, dureros de triumf?tor în final, dup? ce altruismul învinge mizantropia, iar d?ruirea de sine absolv? vinov??ia. În fond, ce ar fi vina f?r? isp??ire? Un roman despre povara fericirii (chiar a?a!) ?i chinul permanent al demonicului de a surpa – prin patologia patimii oarbe – iubirea curat?, armonia conjugal?, farmecul divin al copil?riei ?i nobila condi?ie de p?rinte. Un debut surprinz?tor prin precizia arhitecturii narative ?i siguran?a rotirii caruselului cu multe ?i subtile rela?ii psihologice. În plus, îmbucur?tor prin op?iunea preponderent moral?, într-o vreme dominat? de anarhie, relativism ?i etic? în r?sp?r. – Dan C. Mih?ilescu ?„De când m? ?tiu am vrut s? devin scriitoare. PR de meserie, am scris pove?tile altora, dar mi-am dat seama c? am în?untrul meu propriile pove?ti care a?teapt? s? le dau via??. Tot ceea ce am f?cut pîn? acum a roit în jurul cuvintelor. Prin prisma meseriei mele, am scris sute de comunicate, am luat zeci de interviuri, m-am trezit cu zeci de fraze construite-n cap ?i am adormit cu altele bâzâindu-mi în ureche. Am hot?rât ca e timpul s?-mi urmez visul ?i s? devin ceea ce m-am sim?it mereu.“ – Camelia Cavadia

Publicat? ini?ial, ?n prima edi?ie ?n 1785, cu titlul Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, este una dintre cele mai influente crea?ii din ?ntreaga oper? filosofic? a lui Immanuel Kant ?i, totodat?, un reper ?n istoria filosofiei universale. Lucrarea filosofului german cuprinde o prefa??, trei sec?iuni – Trecerea de la cunoa?terea ra?ional? comun? a moravurilor la aceea filosofic?, Trecerea de la ?n?elepciunea moral? popular? la metafizica moravurilor, Trecerea de la metafizica moravurilor la critica ra?iunii pure practice – ?i o remarc? final?, precedate de nota traduc?torului, Valentin Mure?an. ?n prefa??, Kant pledeaz? pentru o metafizic? a moravurilor ?i discut? despre metodologia pe care a folosit-o. El porne?te de la ?mp?r?irea filosofiei grece?ti ?n fizic?, etic? ?i logic?. ?n prima sec?iune, dup? cum ?i titlul sugereaz?, se face trecerea de la forma cunoa?terii comune privind moravurile la cea filosofic?. El discut?, printre altele, despre voin?a bun? ?i datorie. ?n sec?iunea a doua se aprofundeaz? problema imperativelor. ?n ultima sec?iune, Kant discut? despre voin??, libertate. De fapt, cea de-a treia sec?iune reprezint? punctul de pornire de la care Kant a dezvoltat Critica ra?iunii practice, publicat? ?n 1788.

Despre guvernarea reprezentativ” este o carte plin de surprize i sugestii despre bunele practici ale guvernrii, care nu trebuie s lipseasc din bibliotecile celor preocupai de zona politicii. Volumul de fa a vzut prima dat lumina tiparului n 1861 i reunete principiile la care a lucrat filosoful britanic John Stuart Mill n cea mai mare parte a vieii sale. Aceast lucrare publicat la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea i pstreaz prospeimea i relevana pn astzi, cnd suntem tot mai aproape de a ncheia a doua decad a secolului XXI. n primul rnd, pentru c imagineaz pn n cele mai mici detalii acel model politic pe care l numim democraia reprezentativ”. Winston Churchill spunea despre acesta c este prost, dar e cel mai bun dintre cele pe care le-a inventat omenirea”. John Stuart Mill i descrie organizarea, detaliaz rolul instituiilor, felul n care sunt alei sau numii demnitarii i explic atribuiile fiecruia. Pune n eviden atu-urile, dar i vulnerabilitile guvernrii reprezentative, comparnd-o cu alte sisteme politice din vremea sa. n final, ajunge la o concluzie foarte asemntoare cu cea a premierului britanic din secolul urmtor. Colecia IN NUCE reunete fragmente venic verzi” din cultura omenirii, mpletind discursuri din art, literatur, tiine sociale i religie. Dincolo de renumele autorilor i de valoarea titlurilor pentru fiecare domeniu n parte, acestea sunt pilde ale nelepciunii universale din toate vremurile. De acelasi autor: Utilitarismul

Apology presents the speech of self-defence given by Socrates in his trial for impiety and corruption specifically against the charges of corrupting the young, and by not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other daimonia that are novel.

After an interval of some months or years, and at Phlius, a town of Peloponnesus, the tale of the last hours of Socrates is narrated to Echecrates and other Phliasians by Phaedo the beloved disciple. The Dialogue necessarily takes the form of a narrative, because Socrates has to be described acting as well as speaking. The minutest particulars of the event are interesting to distant friends, and the narrator has an equal interest in them.

Of all the writings of Plato the Timaeus is the most obscure and repulsive to the modern reader, and has nevertheless had the greatest influence over the ancient and mediaeval world. The obscurity arises in the infancy of physical science, out of the confusion of theological, mathematical, and physiological notions, out of the desire to conceive the whole of nature without any adequate knowledge of the parts, and from a greater perception of similarities which lie on the surface than of differences which are hidden from view.

The Ion is the shortest, or nearly the shortest, of all the writings which bear the name of Plato, and is not authenticated by any early external testimony. The grace and beauty of this little work supply the only, and perhaps a sufficient, proof of its genuineness. The plan is simple; the dramatic interest consists entirely in the contrast between the irony of Socrates and the transparent vanity and childlike enthusiasm of the rhapsode Ion.

The Confessions is an autobiographical work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau which initiated modern autobiography. Covering the first fifty-three years of Rousseau's life the book provides an account of the experiences that shaped his personality and ideas.

Areopagitica is among history's most influential and impassioned philosophical defences of the principle of a right to freedom of speech and expression. Today, Areopagitica is regarded as one of the most eloquent defences of press freedom ever written – and as one of the most influential, because many of its expressed principles have formed the basis for modern justifications.

We have already discussed the first causes of nature, and all natural motion, also the stars ordered in the motion of the heavens, and the physical element-enumerating and specifying them and showing how they change into one another-and becoming and perishing in general. There remains for consideration a part of this inquiry which all our predecessors called meteorology. It is concerned with events that are natural, though their order is less perfect than that of the first of the elements of bodies. They take place in the region nearest to the motion of the stars. Such are the milky way, and comets, and the movements of meteors.