中国文化源远流长，那些传承下来的古书，凝聚着众多大家的智慧和心得，是取之不尽、用之不竭的宝藏。 本书推荐的古书，时间跨度从先秦一直延续到清末，类型多样，有《史记》《资治通鉴》等史学巨著；《诗经》《漱玉词》等诗词集；《红楼梦》《聊斋志异》等小说；《窦娥冤》《西厢记》等戏剧作品；《文心雕龙》《艺概》等文艺理论著作；也有《水经注》《齐民要术》等科学巨著。读者在了解其思想精髓的同时，也可以选取一些适合自己或者感兴趣的书来细细品读，相信定会受益匪浅。

　　《道德经》（又称《老子》）是老子存世的著作，和《易经》、《论语》等经典著作一样，对中国人的思想产生了极为深远的影响，其奥妙的哲学思索与高深的智慧体悟体现了中国古人认识自然、思索宇宙的杰出水平，并以其独特的“道法自然”、“无为而治”的思想境界广受全球其他文化的推崇。 　　党的十七大报告提出了“弘扬中华文化，建设中华民族共有精神家园”的战略任务，2011年10月18日十七届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于深化文化体制改革，推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣若干重大问题的决定》更是明确要求“培养高度的文化自觉和文化自信，提高全民族文明素质，增强国家文化软实力，弘扬中华文化，努力建设社会主义文化强国”，并要求“发挥国民教育在文化传承创新中的基础性作用，增加优秀传统文化课程内容”。因此，在大中小学生中间开展常态可持续的优秀传统文化经典诵读教育活动，就是以实际行动传承中华优秀传统文化，对我国文化的大发展大繁荣、建设文化强国具有重大意义。

　　阿尔都塞的思想产生于马克思主义处于危机中的 历史时代。通过理论的解读，阿尔都塞使得马克思主 义理论摆脱人道主义意识形态的影响，重新恢复马克 思主义理论的激进特征。同时，这种解读融入了当代 的理论视野和现实反思，使得马克思主义理论能够摆 脱教条主义的窠臼，实现马克思主义理论与当代社会 科学的对话。在一定的意义上，正是通过这种对话， 阿尔都塞置换掉了传统的马克思主义理论话语，而这 与当代激进政治话语的规划休戚相关。林青编*的《 阿尔都塞激进政治话语研究/复旦博学文库》的核心 内容在于表明阿尔都塞对马克思主义理论的重新规划 是如何丰富和发展了马克思主义的理论谱系，并开启 当代激进政治话语。

The Republic (Greek: Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of (justice), the order and character of the just city-state and the just man, reason by which ancient readers used the name On Justice as an alternative title (not to be confused with the spurious dialogue also titled On Justice). The dramatic date of the dialogue has been much debated and though it must take place some time during the Peloponnesian War, "there would be jarring anachronisms if any of the candidate specific dates between 432 and 404 were assigned". It is Plato's best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory. In it, Socrates along with various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man by considering a series of different cities coming into existence "in speech", culminating in a city (Kallipolis) ruled by philosopher-kings; and by examining the nature of existing regimes. The participants also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society. Short Summary (Epilogue):X.1—X.8. 595a—608b. Rejection of Mimetic ArtX.9—X.11. 608c—612a. Immortality of the SoulX.12. 612a—613e. Rewards of Justice in LifeX.13—X.16. 613e—621d. Judgment of the Dead The paradigm of the city — the idea of the Good, the Agathon — has manifold historical embodiments, undertaken by those who have seen the Agathon, and are ordered via the vision. The centre piece of the Republic, Part II, nos. 2–3, discusses the rule of the philosopher, and the vision of the Agathon with the allegory of the cave, which is clarified in the theory of forms. The centre piece is preceded and followed by the discussion of the means that will secure a well-ordered polis (City). Part II, no. 1, concerns marriage, the community of people and goods for the Guardians, and the restraints on warfare among the Hellenes. It describes a partially communistic polis. Part II, no. 4, deals with the philosophical education of the rulers who will preserve the order and character of the city-state.In Part II, the Embodiment of the Idea, is preceded by the establishment of the economic and social orders of a polis (Part I), followed by an analysis (Part III) of the decline the order must traverse. The three parts compose the main body of the dialogues, with their discussions of the “paradigm”, its embodiment, its genesis, and its decline.The Introduction and the Conclusion are the frame for the body of the Republic. The discussion of right order is occasioned by the questions: “Is Justice better than Injustice?” and “Will an Unjust man fare better than a Just man?” The introductory question is balanced by the concluding answer: “Justice is preferable to Injustice”. In turn, the foregoing are framed with the Prologue (Book I) and the Epilogue (Book X). The prologue is a short dialogue about the common public doxai (opinions) about “Justice”. Based upon faith, and not reason, the Epilogue describes the new arts and the immortality of the soul. ? About Author: Plato (Greek: Platon, " 428/427 or 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his most-famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him, although 15–18 of them have been contested. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts. Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. Plato is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. His writings related to the Theory of Forms, or Platonic ideals, are basis for Platonism. ? Early lifeThe exact time and place of Plato's birth are not known, but it is certain that he belonged to an aristocratic and influential family. Based on ancient sources, most modern scholars believe that he was born in Athens or Aegina between 429 and 423 BC. His father was Ariston. According to a disputed tradition, reported by Diogenes Laertius, Ariston traced his descent from the king of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus. Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker an

《易理与人生》以《周易》六十四卦为序，先对每一卦的易理进行解读，然后把易理结合作者自己的人生阅历和思考，阐发人生哲学，很多安身立命、为人处世之道非常实用，发前人之未言,很值得我们阅读、借鉴。

　　我馆历来重视移译世界各国学术名著。从20世纪50年代起，更致力于翻译出版马克思主义涎生以前的古典学术著作，同时适当介绍当代具有定评的各派代表作品。我们确信只有用人类创造的全部知识财富来丰富自己的头脑，才能够建成现代化的社会主义社会。这些书籍所蕴藏的思想财富和学术价值，为学人所熟知，毋需赘述。这些译本过去以单行本印行，难见系统，汇编为丛书，才能相得益彰，蔚为大观，既便于研读查考，又利于文化积累。为此，我们从1981年着手分辑刊行，至2011年已先后分十二辑印行名著500种。现继续编印第十三辑。到2012年出版至550种。今后在积累单本著作的基础上仍将陆续以名著版印行。希望海内外读书界、著译界给我们批评、建议，帮助我们把这套丛书出得更好。

《中国哲学史大纲》为胡适所作，是中国学者运用现代学术方法系统研究中国古代哲学史的*部著作。它的出版被视为中国哲学史学科建立的标志。它所获得的赞誉无以复加，不但被视为一本划时代的著作，而且被誉为“五四”新文化运动的一个积极成果，是中国思想史研究的山之作，为胡适的学术地位奠定了一块不可撼动的基石。

我馆历来重视移译世界各国学术名著。从五十年代起，更致力于翻译出版马克思主义诞生以前的古典学术著作，同时适当介绍当代具有定评的各派代表作品。幸赖著译界鼎力襄助，三十年来印行不下三百余种。我们确信只有用人类创造的全部知识财富来丰富自己的头脑，才能够建成现代化的社会主义社会。这些书籍所蕴藏的思想财富和学术价值，为学人所熟知，毋需赘述。这些译本过去以单行本印行，难见系统，汇编为丛书，才能相得益彰，蔚为大观，既便于研读查考，又利于文化积累。为此，我们从1981年至1997年先后分七辑印行了名著三百种。现继续编印第八辑。到1998年底出版至340种。今后在积累单本著作的基础上仍将陆续以名著版印行。由于采用原纸型，译文未能重新校订，体例也不完全统一，凡是原来译本可用的序跋，都一仍其旧，个别序跋予以订正或删除。读书界完全懂得要用正确的分析态度去研读这些著作，汲取其对我有用的精华，剔除其不合时宜的糟粕，这一点也无需我们多说。希望海内外读书界、著译界给我们批评、建议，帮助我们把这套丛书出好。

本书分为上下两篇，上篇主要讨论道德的本质问题，共有七章，首先就道德的概念、社会基础、立足点与内在机制作综合概述；然后分别从善恶之辨、“人是目的”等现代价值理念、权利的内涵、规范与德性、幸福的伦理思考几方面作深度的理论分析和阐述。下篇共有九章，主要关注社会现实，着力辨析生命伦理领域中人们普遍关注的安乐死、克隆人、人类基因组研究、伦理审查等重大热点问题，并就中国传统文化对生命伦理的影响以及当代中国生命伦理学的走向发表自己的见解。本书旨在揭示道德基本理论与应用伦理的内在互动关系，论证道德哲学

本书按主题分为五部分，部分是“人性、语言和历史”，摘录收取了赫尔德《又一种历史哲学》、《历史哲学思想》、《论语言的起源》等著作的精华章节，也是为本书奠定基调的一些文字。而赫尔德关于神话、民族宗教、一般宗教哲学的重要思想，在第二部分“神话和宗教”中都有体现。第三部分“神与自然”中，收录了《人类古老的文献》、《论神，对话数篇》等著作的重要片段，以及能体现赫尔德宗教哲学思想的几篇书信。本书的第四部分“文学与《圣经》”，摘录了赫尔德的文学研究著作和《圣经》解经学著作，其中后者也可以归于他的一般神学和宗教学思想。第五部分“基督教和神学”，则更多的是作为牧师、教会中人和神学导师的赫尔德，对德国的宗教事务和神学学术状况发表议论。这五部分划分可以帮助 读者在赫尔德纷繁浩大的著述中把握几条主要线索。然而这几大领域在赫尔德那里是可以通的。比如，他对人性、历史、民族文化和民族宗教的看法，需要融合为一个整体来理解，而他的文学和《圣经》研究著作，一方面是以他的整体的历史观和文化观为基本解释框架，反过来又为他的历史观和文化观提供经验佐证和学术支持。除了布克堡时期显得较为突兀，赫尔德一生的思想，虽有起起伏伏，也不乏杂乱矛盾、含混歧义之处，但总体的理路还是比较清楚的。他虽然不是一个体系哲学家，但是他思想整体的风格还是很一贯的。

The Prince (Italian: Il Principe) is a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. From correspondence a version appears to have been distributed in 1513, using a Latin title, De Principatibus (About Principalities). But the printed version was not published until 1532, five years after Machiavelli's death. This was done with the permission of the Medici pope Clement VII, but "long before then, in fact since the first appearance of the Prince in manuscript, controversy had swirled about his writings" Although it was written as if it were a traditional work in the Mirror of Princes style, it is generally agreed that it was especially innovative, and not only because it was written in Italian rather than Latin. The Prince is sometimes claimed to be one of the first works of modern philosophy, in which the effective truth is taken to be more important than any abstract ideal. It was also in direct conflict with the dominant Catholic and scholastic doctrines of the time concerning how to consider politics and ethics. Although it is relatively short, the treatise is the most remembered of his works and the one most responsible for bringing "Machiavellian" into wide usage as a pejorative term. It also helped make "Old Nick" an English term for the devil, and even contributed to the modern negative connotations of the words "politics" and "politician" in western countries. In terms of subject matter it overlaps with the much longer Discourses on Livy, which was written a few years later. In its use of examples who were politically active Italians who perpetrated criminal deeds for politics, another lesser-known work by Machiavelli which The Prince has been compared to is the Life of Castruccio Castracani. The descriptions within The Prince have the general theme of accepting that ends of princes, such as glory, and indeed survival, can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends.

　　《论语》是以语录体记述的孔子及其弟子的言行的著作，是中国儒家文化的本源。本书则是作者以普通人的视角，对《论语》进行的解读。作者为一名官员，对论语一直有着深入的研究，此次分析，围绕着“正心修身”，以提高修养，探讨社会现象为脉络，逐章逐句解读，希望以理论联系实际，开启、激发读者的思考，从而达到互动交流的目的，共抵至境。

《汉译世界学术名著丛书:回忆苏格拉底》是一本学术纪实文学，作者色诺芬是苏格拉底的弟子，他回忆了苏格拉底一生的言行，着重追述了苏格拉底对政治、宗教和道德等问题的看法。苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德号称希腊三杰，三杰之中以苏格拉底为首，其思想对西方世界文明影响极大。就连柏拉图和亚里士多德的成就也不能不说有一部分应归功于苏格拉底。他教导人要“认识自己”，又说，“我只知道我一无所知”，为了坚持自己的原则和信念，甘愿以身殉道，而不愿苟且偷生，所有这些应该说都是他的伟大处。但是，苏格拉底作为生活于一定历史条件和环境中的个人是有其局限性的，他的天文学知识距近代相差甚远，他过分强调了知的重要性而忽略了意志的作用以及他的多神论思想都是他受历史条件局限的证明。我们研究苏格拉底，贵在批判地继承，撷取其精华，抛弃其糟粕，使古为今用，洋为中用。

中华文化源远流长，为中华民族生生不息、发展壮大提供了丰厚滋养，也留下了优秀传统文化的经典宝库。在这座宝库中，既有“二十四史”、诸子百家这些厚重而深邃的经典，又有唐诗宋词、四大名著这样优秀的文学经典，更有一大批涵括人生智慧、社会经验等内容的经典作品。经典的价值不仅在于它是一份记录，更在于它和当今人们的生活密切相关，可以提供有益的借鉴和指导。

做事不讲逻辑、平日不爱思考，是很多人“心中的痛”。不知道如何正确、高效地思考，会严重拖累我们的人生！ 其实，要想活得更明白、保持好状态，只要把握思考的关键，就能大幅激活个人潜能，让专注、效率、灵感、智慧源源不断地涌现！ 《逻辑思考的100个关键》如同一个功能齐全的“应用商店”，你可以根据个人情况，“下载”到有关效率、情绪、专注、沟通、记忆方面的APP，解锁各种各样的用脑秘笈，秒变学霸和工作达人！

Bu alma ilk olarak ekim 2007`de bir internet sitesinde (exlibrary.com) e-kitap formunda yaymland; daha sonra birinci kitabmn ikinci blümünde yer ald. Bu almay tekrar gzden geirip küük baz düzeltmeler yaptm. Bu kitapn ilham kayna Thomas Nagel’in “Her ey Ne Anlama Geliyor” balkl eseridir. 70 sayfalk bu küük ama youn kitab okuduumda hayran olmutum. Nagel almasnn giri blümünde unlar yazm: “Günümüzün ve gemiin büyük filozoflarndan seilmi metinler ieren birok harika giri el kitab vardr. Elinizdeki bu küük kitap onlarn yerine geecek türden bir kitap deildir. Onun, yalnzca, konuya olabildii kadar ak ve dorudan bir ilk deerlendirme sunmasn umuyorum.” Ben de aynsn umarak bu almaya ykündüm ve ortaya bu be deneme kt. Daha nce yaymlanm bu denemelerin yeniden yaymlanmasnn anlam hakl olarak sorulabilir. Ben de derim ki belki yeni baz okurlarn ilgisini ekebilir belki de yeniden okunabilir. Bu sefer de neden yeniden okunsun ki diyenler kabilir; ben de Borges’in bir szünü aktarmakla yetinirim: “Okumak nemli deildir, nemli olan yeniden okumaktr.” Yazar Hakknda Prof. Dr., 1955 doumlu. 1976 da Ankara niversitesi Fen Fakültesi kimya mühendislii blümünden mezun oldu. Eskiehir Anadolu ve Eskiehir Osmangazi niversitesinde retim üyesi olarak alt. 2002 de emekli oldu. Akademik yaynlar haricinde felsefe konusunda sobil yaynclk tarafndan yaymlanm ü kitab vardr: 1.“Düünmek zerine Düünmek” (2009), 2. “Zorunluluk ve Sorumluluk” (2012), 3.“Nietzsche ve Schopenhauer ile küük bir sylei” (2018).

这是一本足以彻底改变你思维世界的小书。正如著名行为学家孙路弘所说，缺乏逻辑已成为社会的一种流行病症：逻辑紊乱症候群。而《简单的逻辑学》就如一场及时雨，一本治愈社会疾病的宝典，的确是应该人手一册。

《理想国》是柏拉图创作的哲学对话体著作。全书以苏格拉底之口，通过与其他人对话的方式，设计了一个真、善、美相统一的政体，即可以达到公正的理想国。 书中讨论的大多数问题都和日常生活密切相关，如优生学问题、节育问题、家庭解体问题、婚姻自由问题、独身问题、宗教问题、道德问题、文艺问题、教育问题，以及男女平权、男女参政、男女参军等问题，几乎都是普通人一生中会遇到的各种问题。其思想博大精深，几乎代表了整个希腊的文化，被英国评为*影响力的20本学术书之一。

看人生贫富之真相，明改造命运之方法，融会儒释道三家思想，展现五千年文明智慧。 《了凡四训》是明朝袁了凡先生所作的家训，融汇了中国传统儒释道三家思想的精华。佛之慈悲，道之空灵，儒之世，结合起来，成为完美的中国智慧。 清朝曾国藩读完《了凡四训》，改号“涤生”。涤者，取涤其旧染之污也；生者，取明袁了凡之言，“从前种种，譬如昨日死；从后种种，譬如今日生。”并将此书列为子侄的人生智慧之书。 内心的强大，不仅需要丰富的知识，更需要谨严慎思的德行，明白这些，烦躁和困扰也就迎刃而解。

这几篇讲演录中所提出的主要理论是：我们经验中的因素按其可变性来说是“清楚明白的”，只要它们在重要性(importance)上所要求的那个适当时期内能够得到证实。必然的东西是不可移易的，由于这个原因，它们隐约而模糊地处于思维之后。因此哲学真理应当到语言的假定中去寻求，而不要到它的明确的陈述中去寻求。由于这一原因，哲学与诗相似，二者都力求表达我们称之为文明的的理智。 本书前六章，即、二篇，是我在1937-1938学期，即我从哈佛退休以后不久，在马萨诸塞州维列斯莱学院作的讲演。这个幸运的机会使我得以将我在哈佛作的讲演的一些内容加以压缩以供出版，这些内容在我过去出版的著作中已作了不完备的阐述。以《自然界与生命》为题的第三篇的两次讲演是四年前在芝加哥大学作的，曾由芝加哥大学出版社出版，在英国则由剑桥出版社出版。原来算把它们编成像本书一样的一本书的一部分。但是由于种种原因，这个计划没有如期完成。 结束语《哲学的目的》是将1935年的一次年度欢迎会上给哈佛大学和拉德克利菲女子学院哲学系的毕业生作的一篇简短的讲话修改而成，曾刊载于哈佛大学校友会年刊上。

自然一一无论是非生物界还是生物界一一中的一切，都是依照规律发生的，虽说这些规律我们并非总能认识到。水位依照重力法则下降，动物依照规律行走。鱼在水中游，鸟在空中飞，都是依照规律进行的。一般说来，整个自然界无非是现象依据规律的联系；什么地方也没有杂乱无章的东西。 ’