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Notes to Shakepeare's Tragedies
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From the General Introduction: "Dr. Johnson's reaction to Shakespeare's tragedies is a curious one, compounded as it is of deep emotional involvement in a few scenes in some plays and a strange dispassionateness toward most of the others. I suspect that his emotional involvement took root when he read Shakespeare as a boy--one remembers the terror he experienced in reading of the Ghost in _Hamlet_, and it was probably also as a boy that he suffered that shock of horrified outrage and grief at the death of Cordelia that prevented him from rereading the scene until be came to edit the play. Johnson's deepest feelings and convictions, Professor Clifford has recently reminded us, can be traced back to his childhood and adolescence."
The Fugitive
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Poetry. According to Wikipedia: "Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali poet, novelist, musician, painter and playwright who reshaped Bengali literature and music. As author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he was the first non-European who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. His poetry in translation was viewed as spiritual, and this together with his mesmerizing persona gave him a prophet-like aura in the west. His "elegant prose and magical poetry" still remain largely unknown outside the confines of Bengal."
A Defence of Poetry and Other Essays
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According to Wikipedia: "A Defence of Poetry is an essay by the English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, written in 1821 and first published posthumously in 1840 in Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments (1840) [1839]. It contains Shelley's famous claim that "poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world".
Imaginary Invalid
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According to Wikipedia: "The Imaginary Invalid (French: Le malade imaginaire) is a 1673 three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier. It was originally choreographed by Pierre Beauchamp. Molière had fallen out with the powerful court composer Jean-Baptiste Lully, with whom he had pioneered the comédie-ballet form a decade earlier, and had opted for the collaboration with Charpentier, Lully's rival and arguably a more gifted composer. Le malade imaginaire would turn out to be his last work. He collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after. Beyond the obvious irony, given the play's title, it is possible that Molière was poisoned by Lully, or at the jilted collaborator's instigation."
As You Like It, with line numbers
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The classic comedy. According to Wikipedia: "As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 or early 1600 and first published in the folio of 1623. The work was based upon the novel Rosalynde by Thomas Lodge. The play's first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. As You Like It follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncle's court to find safety and eventually love in the Forest of Arden. Historically, critical response has varied, with some critics finding the work of lesser quality than other Shakespearean works and some finding the play a work of great merit. The play features one of Shakespeare's most famous and oft-quoted soliloquies, "All the world's a stage" and the phrase "too much of a good thing." The play remains a favorite among audiences and has been adapted for radio, film, and musical theatre."
Much Ado About Nothing, with line numbers
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The classic comedy. According to Wikipedia: "Much Ado About Nothing is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare set in Messina, Sicily about a pair of lovers named Claudio and Hero due to be married in a week. To pass the time before their wedding day they conspire with Don Pedro, the prince of Aragon, to trick their friends, Beatrice and Benedick, into confessing their love for one another. The prince's brother Don John, however, jealous of both Don Pedro's power and his affection for Claudio, conspires to sabotage the coming wedding."
King Richard II, with line numbers
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The classic Shakespearean history play. According to Wikipedia: "King Richard the Second is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to be written in approximately 1595. It is based on the life of King Richard II of England and is the first part of a tetralogy, referred to by scholars as the Henriad, followed by three plays concerning Richard's successors: Henry IV, part 1, Henry IV, part 2, and Henry V. It may not have been written as a stand-alone work."
Julius Caesar, with line numbers
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The classic tragedy. According to Wikipedia: "Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the conspiracy against the Roman dictator of the same name, his assassination and its aftermath. It is one of several Roman plays that he wrote, based on true events from Roman history, which also include Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra. Although the title of the play is Julius Caesar, Caesar is not the main character in its action; he appears in only three scenes, and is killed at the beginning of the third act. The protagonist of the play is Marcus Brutus, and the central psychological drama is his struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship. The play reflected the general anxiety of England over succession of leadership. At the time of its creation and first performance, Queen Elizabeth, a strong ruler, was elderly and had refused to name a successor, leading to worries that a civil war similar to that of Rome might break out after her death."
King Lear, with line numbers
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The classic tragedy. According to Wikipedia: "King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606, and is considered one of his greatest works. The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain, a mythological pre-Roman king. It has been widely adapted for stage and screen, with the part of Lear being played by many of the world's most accomplished actors. There are two distinct versions of the play: The True Chronicle of the History of the Life and Death of King Lear and His Three Daughters, which appeared in quarto in 1608, and The Tragedy of King Lear, which appeared in the First Folio in 1623, a more theatrical version. The two texts are commonly printed in a conflated version, although many modern editors have argued that each version has its individual integrity. After the Restoration the play was often modified by theatre practitioners who disliked its dark and depressing tone. But since the 19th century, it has been regarded as one of Shakespeare's supreme achievements. The tragedy is particularly noted for its probing observations on the nature of human suffering and kinship.
Hamlet, Prinz von Dannemark
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Die Shakespeare-Trag?die, auf Deutsch übersetzt von Christoph Martin Wieland. Laut Wikipedia: "Die Trag?die von Hamlet, Prinz von D?nemark ist eine Trag?die von William Shakespeare. Im K?nigreich D?nemark dramatisiert das Stück die Rache, die Prinz Hamlet an seinen Onkel Claudius wegen Mordes an K?nig Hamlet, Claudius 'Bruder und Prinz Hamlets Vater richtet Danach tritt er als Thronfolger in Erscheinung und nimmt Gertrude, die Witwe des alten K?nigs und die Mutter von Prinz Hamlet, mit, die den wahren und vorget?uschten Wahnsinn - von überw?ltigender Trauer bis zu brodelndem Zorn - anschaulich darstellt und Themen wie Verrat, Rache, Inzest, und moralische Korruption.
Die Irrungen oder die Doppelten Zwillinge
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Shakespeare-Kom?die in deutscher ?bersetzung. Laut Wikipedia: "The Comedy of Errors ist eines der frühesten Stücke William Shakespeares. Es ist seine kürzeste und eine seiner absurdesten Kom?dien, wobei ein Gro?teil des Humors aus Slapstick und falscher Identit?t stammt, zus?tzlich zu Wortspielen und Wortspielen Die Kom?die der Irrungen (zusammen mit The Tempest) ist eines von nur zwei von Shakespeares Stücken, um die klassischen Einheiten zu beobachten. "
Complete Poetry of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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The Household Edition of Longfellow's Poetical Writings contains all his original verse that he wished to preserve, and all his translations except the Divina Commedia. The poems are printed as nearly as possible in chronological order. Originally published in 1902. According to Wikipedia: "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American educator and poet whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and "Evangeline". He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five members of the group known as the Fireside Poets."
Two Books of Poetry
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This file includes: "Green Helmet and Other Poems" (first published in 1911) and In the Seven Woods: being poems chiefly of the Irish heroic age" (first published in 1903). The active table of contents has links to each poem. The verse plays "The Green Helmet, a Heroic Farce" and "On Baile's Strand" are included in those collections. According to Wikipedia: "William Butler Yeats (13 June 1865 - 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist, and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years Yeats served as an Irish Senator for two terms. He was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival, and along with Lady Gregory and Edward Martyn founded the Abbey Theatre, serving as its chief during its early years. In 1923, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature for what the Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation." He was the first Irishman so honored. Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers whose greatest works were completed after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929). Yeats was born and educated in Dublin, but spent his childhood in County Sligo. He studied poetry in his youth, and from an early age was fascinated by both Irish legends and the occult. Those topics feature in the first phase of his work, which lasted roughly until the turn of the century. His earliest volume of verse was published in 1889, and those slowly paced and lyrical poems display debts to Edmund Spenser and Percy Bysshe Shelley, as well as to the lyricism of the Pre-Raphaelite poets. From 1900, Yeats' poetry grew more physical and realistic. He largely renounced the transcendental beliefs of his youth, though he remained preoccupied with physical and spiritual masks, as well as with cyclical theories of life."
The Seven Plays of Aeschylus
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This file includes: AGAMEMNON, THE LIBATION-BEARERS, THE FURIES, THE SUPPLIANT MAIDENS, THE PERSIANS, THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES, and THE PROMETHEUS BOUND; all translated by E.D.A. MORSHEAD. According to Wikipedia: "Aeschylus ( c. 525 BC/524 BC – c. 456 BC/455 BC) was an ancient Greek playwright. He is often recognized as the father of tragedy, and is the earliest of the three Greek tragedians whose plays survive, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in plays to allow for conflict among them; previously, characters interacted only with the chorus. Only seven of an estimated seventy to ninety plays by Aeschylus have survived into modern times; one of these plays, Prometheus Bound, is widely thought to be the work of a later author. At least one of Aeschylus' works was influenced by the Persian invasion of Greece, which took place during his lifetime. His play The Persians remains a good primary source of information about this period in Greek history. The war was so important to the Greeks and to Aeschylus himself that, upon his death around 456 BC, his epitaph commemorated his participation in the Greek victory at Marathon rather than to his success as a playwright."
Antoine et Cleopatre, Antony and Cleopatra in French
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Traduit par Fran?ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787 - 1874), historien fran?ais et homme d'?tat. Publié en 1862. Selon Wikipeia: "Antony et" Cléop?tre est une tragédie par William Shakespeare, qui aurait été écrit entre 1603 et 1607. Il a d'abord été imprimé dans le premier folio de 1623. L'intrigue est basée sur la traduction de Thomas North de la vie de Plutarque et suit la relation entre Cléop?tre et Marc Antoine depuis l'époque de la guerre des Parthes jusqu'au suicide de Cléop?tre. L'antagoniste majeur est Octavius Caesar, l'un des compagnons de triumviri d'Antony et le futur premier empereur de Rome. La tragédie est une pièce romaine caractérisée par des changements rapides et panoramiques dans les lieux géographiques et dans les registres, alternant entre Alexandrie sensuelle et imaginative et la Rome plus austère et plus pragmatique. Beaucoup considèrent le r?le de Cléop?tre dans ce jeu l'un des r?les féminins les plus complexes dans le travail de Shakespeare. "
Macbeth in French
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Traduit par Fran?ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787 - 1874), historien fran?ais et homme d'?tat. Publié en 1864. Selon Wikipedia: ?La tragédie de Macbeth (communément appelée Macbeth) est une tragédie de William Shakespeare à propos d'un homme qui commet un régicide pour devenir roi et commet ensuite d'autres meurtres pour maintenir son pouvoir. effet corruptif de l'ambition, mais aussi traite de la relation entre la cruauté et la masculinité, la tyrannie et la royauté, la trahison, la violence, la culpabilité, la prophétie et la perturbation de l'ordre naturel.
Le Marchand de Venise (The Merchant of Venice in French)
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Comédie Shakespeare, traduit en fran?ais. Selon Wikipedia: "Le Marchand de Venise est une comédie tragique de William Shakespeare, qui aurait été écrite entre 1596 et 1598. Bien que classifiée comme une comédie dans le Premier Folio et partageant certains aspects avec les autres comédies romantiques de Shakespeare, la pièce est peut-être On se souvient surtout de ses scènes dramatiques, et il est surtout connu pour Shylock et le fameux discours ?N'avez pas les yeux d'un juif.? Le discours de Portia sur la ?qualité de la miséricorde? est également remarquable.
Mesure pour Mesure (Measure for Measure in French)
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Comédie Shakespeare, traduit en fran?ais. Selon Wikipedia: ?Measure for Measure est une pièce de William Shakespeare, qui aurait été écrite en 1603 ou 1604. Elle était (et continue d'être) classée comédie, mais son humeur défie ces attentes. Diverses raisons, certains critiques l'ont étiqueté comme l'un des jeux de problème de Shakespeare.A l'origine publié dans le premier folio de 1623 (où il a d'abord été étiqueté comme une comédie), la première performance enregistrée de la pièce était en 1604. La pièce traite des problèmes de la miséricorde, de la justice, de la vérité et de leur relation à l'orgueil et à l'humilité: "Certains se lèvent par le péché, d'autres tombent par la vertu".
La Songe d'une Nuit de'Ete (A Midsummer Night's Dream in French)
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Comédie de Shakespeare, traduite en fran?ais par Fran?ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787 - 1874), historien fran?ais et homme d'?tat. Publié en 1862. Selon Wikipedia: "Un Songe d'une nuit d'été est une pièce écrite par William Shakespeare, qui aurait été écrite entre 1590 et 1596. Elle décrit les événements entourant le mariage du duc d'Athènes, Thésée, et la Reine des Amazones, Hippolyta, dont les aventures de quatre jeunes amants athéniens et d'un groupe de six comédiens amateurs manipulés par les fées qui peuplent la forêt où se déroule la plus grande partie de la pièce. Les ?uvres les plus populaires de Shakespeare pour la scène et sont largement jouées à travers le monde. "
Troilus et Cressida, Troilus and Cressida in French
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Traduit par Fran?ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot (1787 - 1874), historien fran?ais et homme d'?tat. Publié en 1862. Selon Wikipedia: "Troilus et Cressida est une tragédie de William Shakespeare, qui aurait été écrite en 1602. Il a également été décrit par Frederick S. Boas comme l'une des pièces à problèmes de Shakespeare. note avec la mort du noble cheval de Troie Hector et la destruction de l'amour entre Tro?lus et Cressida.Tout au long de la pièce, le ton s'écroule follement entre comédie débile et tristesse tragique, et les lecteurs et les spectateurs ont souvent du mal à comprendre comment on est Cependant, plusieurs éléments caractéristiques de la pièce (le plus notable étant sa remise en question constante de valeurs intrinsèques telles que la hiérarchie, l'honneur et l'amour) ont souvent été considérés comme nettement ?modernes? ..
The Duchess of Padua
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Play. According to Wikipedia: "Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854 - 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. Known for his barbed wit, he was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London, and one of the greatest celebrities of his day. As the result of a famous trial, he suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned for two years of hard labour after being convicted of the offence of 'gross indecency.'"
