《五十年来的中国哲学》是贺麟先生对从1884年孙中山创立兴中会到1949年中国人民共和国建立这段时期，现代中国哲学发展历史的介绍。这一时期中国哲学界的主要特是，西方哲学的介绍与引，以及对儒家思想的创新与发扬。在这个大背景下，贺麟先生介绍了康有为、谭嗣同、梁启超、章太炎、熊十力、胡适、金岳霖、冯友兰、洪谦等思想家的思想，反映出民国学者的学术造诣与学术水准。 　　《五十年来的中国哲学》分上下两编，上编包括“中国哲学的调整与发扬”“西方哲学的绍述与融会”“时代思潮的演变与剖析”三章，从新心学的角度出发，总结了新中国成立之前约五十年时间中国受西方哲学影响，以及西方哲学在中国的传播等内容。下编则深探讨了“知行”学说问题。

Inigo (Ignatius de Loyola) begins as a hot-headed, street-fighting sensualist, in this action-packed play but due to serious injury in a sword-fight, he has to spend time recovering and reassessing his dissolute life. This stage version of his life follows his transformation to become the co-founder of the Jesuits in the sixteenth century, battling the powers of the day and the Inquisition. In Moore's bold, funny play, he asserts Inigo's position as a radical figure bent on changing the Catholic Church.?? This play is not only for those interested in Inigo and the Jesuits. It is also about individuals who fight for change against an implacable Establishment and it is ideal for performing in schools, colleges and theatres. Of special interest to schools and colleges, many of which are named after Inigo (Ignatius de Loyola).?Inigo's spiritual tools for change have informed other self-development programs such as the 12 step program for recovering drug and alcohol addicts. As Pope Francis is a Jesuit, this is a timely exploration of one of history's major spiritual leaders and reformers. "This is the most interesting play text to have reached me for a while... Ignatius of Loyala, founder of the Jesuits is not the most obvious choice for a play subject until you remember that he was effectively a counter-cultural radical fighting an implacable establishment suddenly it s both topical and relevant. I hope this thoughtful, engaging and very funny in places eight-hander will get more outings very soon. If not read the text anyway." --Susan Elkin, The Stage"Brilliantly written... a great evening of thoughtful and dynamic theatre." --Mark Lawson, arts correspondent"The structure and dynamism of the play, the art with which Jonathan Moore makes Ignatius accessible to us, capturing much of the drama of the Spiritual Exercises themselves, would also make I?igo an excellent discovery for schools and colleges." --James Hanvey SJ, Master of Campion Hall, University of Oxford, Thinking Faith Jonathan Moore is an award-winning actor, writer and director. As an actor he has played leading roles at the Royal Shakespeare Co, Royal Court, Donmar, the Royal Exchange and on BBC TV. He has directed theatre and opera world premieres at the Almeida, Donmar, West End, Royal Exchange, Gate, English National Opera, Covent Garden, La Fenice in Venice and on TV among many others. He has directed world premieres by composers such as Turnage, MacMillan, Henze, Schnittke, Nyman, Copeland and more, and his early work was sponsored by Joe Strummer of The Clash. He has collaborated with members of punk band Killing Joke and on several projects with Industrial group Test Dept. A published playwright and librettist, his work has been performed at leading theatres including the Donmar, Royal Exchange, Gate, BBC TV, radio and internationally. Jonathan was asked by Mark Rylance to direct the large-scale immersive project for over fifty performers What You Will, a co-production for Shakespeare s Globe, The Cultural Olympiad and Mayor s Office and several subsequent Shakespeare projects. He is due to direct a large-scale site-specific immersive project for Ludovico Einaudi in Italy and a new opera project with Stewart Copeland. He is on the Artistic Advisory Committee of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He has had a Who s Who entry since 2007. A collection of Moore's plays has been previously published by Aurora Metro Books. www.jonathanmooreuk.com

　　《马克思博士论文黑格尔辩证法和哲学一般的批判》（“贺麟全集”第九卷）是贺麟译述马克思早年经典哲学论著的重要成果。收发表于1842年的博士论文《德谟克里特的自然哲学与伊壁鸠鲁的自然哲学的差别》，该文对于用辩证法观研究古代自然哲学史有很大贡献，1958年由贺麟完成中译，1961年人民出版社出版单行本，后收《马恩全集》。《黑格尔辩证法和哲学一般的批判》于1955年翻译出版，对黑格尔哲学批判研究很有指导作用。本书另收四篇贺麟所撰相关文章，以备研究参考之用。

　　《什么是主体性？》由法国存在主义哲学家让-保罗·萨特1961年12月在罗马应葛兰西学院之邀讲学的记录整理而成。当年的课堂记录尤其是萨特与现场听众讨论的部分，五十多年后重获发现，2013年在法国出版，主体为题为“马克思主义与主体性”的报告，同时收数位意大利的马克思主义知识分子（如Enzo Paci, Cesare Luporini, Galvano Della Volpe）与萨特讨论的文字。并由Michel Kail与Raoul Kirchmayer作序言“意识与主体性”，跋文是詹明信的“萨特的现实意义”。 　　“主体性”是萨特强调的重要概念之一，“什么是主体性”这一问题因为与当代批评理论中针对“主体”的讨论相关而重获重要性。自1930年代以来，主体性问题就困扰着萨特。萨特认为，正是人的主体性给了我们在生活中选择走自己的道路的能力。因为并不存在客观的标准、客观的价值，也不存在确定的决定我们是谁或我们是什么的本质，我们能够把握的只有主观的标准、主观的价值以及由此而来的本质，而这些只能从一个主观的视角来拓展和理解。 　　正如“序言”所言：本书的出版，使人们得以一瞥萨特著作的整体性，并可为他艰涩的《辩证理性批判》一书提供理想的门导读，而《辩证理性批判》一书正好在讲座前一年出版，构成了一次与马克思主义的交锋。这种交锋的前提是萨特对马克思主义的悖论性评价：马克思主义已停止不前，同时也构成我们时代不可逾越的地平线。 　　萨特这次报告的抱负即为将主体性置于马克思主义分析的核心，以重新赋予它一度失去的活力。他同时抨了主观主义和客观主义，他想指出为什么主体性对于认识社会来说必不可少。萨特的特有方法就是通过分析实例来紧紧抓住自己的对象。而抓住主体性，就是理解客观条件如何被内在化和被体验，使自己有能力说明集体实践的形式如何得以建立。主体性是“特殊的普遍”，是历史的产物，是历史的基本结构，是可能的创造！

维特根斯坦的《哲学研究》是一本晦涩然而又十分重要的哲学著作，它集中了维特根斯坦长期哲学思考的成果，也是他细心编辑、编排过的一本书。 为了方便广大读者阅读和理解《哲学研究》，本书力图逐句逐段地解释该书中的难，厘清段与段之间的逻辑关系，给出维特根斯坦的运思过程，帮助读者弄清楚主题之间的过渡。同时，本书还力图帮助读者区分“维特根斯坦自己”和“对话者”，呈现二者的对话过程，并对维特根斯坦的前后期哲学作出述评。

　　《赫尔墨斯的口误（增订）》是作者的学术译文合集，涉及形而上学批判、话语政治、文艺理论等，收录了霍克海默、哈贝马斯、伽达默尔、克吕格、巴尔塔萨、罗曼·茵伽登、顾彬等著名学者的经典文章。译文难度较大，可见译者译笔矫健，这些文章也为学术界提供了颇具学术价值的成果。

马克思主义如何由西方形态变为东方形态，由欧洲形态变为亚洲形态，由德国形态变为中国形态，一句话，马克思主义如何中国化，是一个特别重要的理论前沿问题。本书从马克思主义中国化的历史进程、文化意蕴、当代视野，中国特色社会主义理论体系的创立和发展，马克思主义中国化的理论创新及其成果，中国传统文化与马克思主义中国化，发展当代中国马克思主义等多个方面，梳理、总结马克思主义中国化的基本经验，展望在新的历史条件下如何推进马克思主义中国化、发展当代中国马克思主义。

普通读者罕有知道，王阳明原是一个被翻案的奸佞。《明实录》里的王阳明不但奸邪，还很有几分色厉内荏的丑态，是一个墙头草一般的投机分子。他纵兵屠城，窃夺他人战功，散布异端邪说蛊惑人心，以邪教教主的姿态享受着信徒的阿谀与供奉。 乃至清朝编修《明史》，才算是以新一代的官修正史为王阳明做了正式的翻案。而在王阳明弟子们谦卑写就的私史里，他又仿佛头顶光环的圣徒，有神鬼莫测之能，每每还有灵异的奇遇。 于是我们每个人对王阳明的态度，往往取决于自己对史料的采信方式以及认知误区之有无或多寡。是的，这本身就是一件很有趣、很耐人寻味的事情。

　　《新教伦理与资本主义精神》是马克斯·韦伯著名的作品。在这部作品中，韦伯提出了一个知名的论：新教教徒的思想影响了资本主义的发展。宗教教徒往往排斥世俗的事务，尤其是经济成就上的追求，但为什么新教教徒却是例外？ 　　韦伯在该书中论述宗教观念（新教伦理）与隐藏在资本主义发展背后的某种心理驱力（资本主义精神）之间的关系。韦伯列举了新教、清教、加尔文教等教徒生活、学习的例子并加以分析得出：资本主义的兴起和成功与新教盛行存在着相互影响的关系。新教世禁欲主义伦理为资本主义企业家提供了心理驱动力和道德能量，从而成为现代资本主义得以兴起的重要条件之一。

Come on a journey into the nature of consciousness, finding the space 'between thoughts' as the most obvious place to recognize your true and eternal Self. We recognize overlooked aspects of the natural world around us; as ourselves, as well as using nature to demonstrate spiritual concepts such as God, union and liberation. Your true 'nature' awaits...---------------------------"No matter how it is approached, no amount of words will ever transmit to another person the indescribable 'ultimate Truth'. The fact that it's described as indescribable should be enough to stop us trying. Yet it's made even more difficult because of our troublesome human mind. As intelligent and magnificent as it is, it has a deep and tragic habit of confusing the symbols we use (for simple convenience) in our lives, for the actual things or ideas they represent. As Alan Watts used to say, it's like climbing a signpost rather than walking in the direction it points. Our greatest of misunderstandings is that we confuse the story and idea of who we are, with what is actually true; pure and simple. We make a false judgment on who or what we are, and you wouldn't believe the amount of mischief that arises in result.As exaggerated or humorous as all this may sound on first impressions, this habit of confusing symbols for reality is a very real problem plaguing our human world, and the implications are exceptionally far reaching. We have confused such things as money for wealth, status or fame for character and even the virtual world for real - but most appropriate to this book, is that religious or spiritual concepts are always confused for the things they are pointing towards. That's particularly true of our concepts of 'God', particularly true of Buddha's Dharma, particularly true of any teaching towards enlightenment or liberation."---------------------------"OmniscienceOh father in heaven, omniscience cannot be. It makes no sense, no sense to me....***Between thoughts, your functioning remains flawless. Between thoughts you are ego-less, yet still exist...?How is it so that your heart beats without your control?How do migrating birds travel without directions, newborn horses stand straight up and embryos form without instruction. How does a plant know how to flower and a seed mature into a tree??Without thought or instruction, nature around you is already omniscient. Are you different from nature, or one and the same?***Young one, nature already exists in an omniscient state with no mind…?Between thoughts, are you omniscient?Mid-thought, do you believe you're not?"

Ce este adev?rul? De unde ?tiu cine sunt? De ce ar trebui s? fim buni? Exist? multe c?r?i despre filosofie. Cu toate acestea, Cine sunt eu? difer? fa?? de celelalte lucr?ri de introducere ?n filosofie. Nimeni nu a reu?it p?n? acum s? pun? cititorul fa??-n fa?? cu marile ?ntreb?ri ale omenirii ?ntr-o manier? at?t de documentat?, de competent? ?i, ?n acela?i timp, cu umor ?i cu elegan??. Prezenta lucrare reprezint? o c?l?torie unic? prin noianul de cuno?tin?e pe care le avem despre om. Precht ne prezint? tot ceea ce este mai nou ?n neuro?tiin??, ?n psihologie ?i ?n filosofie. Fie c? pleac? ?n cercetarea sensului vie?ii pornind de la analiza unui episod din Star Trek sau de la melodia Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds a celor de la Beatles, cartea ne pune ?n fa?a unui traseu captivant, ?n care vom descoperi cele mai surprinz?toare lucruri despre noi ?n?ine.

Antropologie ?i antroposofie ? Max Dessoir despre antroposofie ? Franz BrentanoAlc?tuind cuprinsul acestei lucr?ri, Rudolf Steiner reveleaz? ?c?teva din firele ?tiin?ifice care trebuie trasate pornind de la antropozofie la filozofie, la psihologie ?i la fiziologie“. Cunoa?terea omului va trebui atunci s? fie extins? ?in?nd cont de enigmaticele aspecte ale vie?ii sale interioare, privite din perspective multiple. ?n aceast? carte, Rudolf Steiner prezint? ?n scris aspectele semnificative ale configur?rii ?ntreite a fiin?ei omene?ti: corpul fizic, organismul sufletesc ?i configura?ia spiritual?.

La acest ?nceput de secol XXI, ?n ?ntreaga lume se intensific? studierea problemelor fundamentale, eterne, ca via?a ?i moartea, rostul vie?ii, originile ?i destina?iile noastre ultime, c?t ?i ?ntrebarea cu privire la existen?a de dup? moarte. Cartea examineaz? filosofia de via?? a budismului Nichiren ?n lumina ideilor de ultim? or? despre via?? ?i moarte, de?i cuprinderea exhaustiv? ?ntr?un singur volum a unei probleme at?t de vaste este imposibil?. Budismul Nichiren ofer? oamenilor mijloacele de a??i transforma destinele prin ?nf?ptuirea propriei revolu?ii umane individuale ?i dezv?luie calea spre pace ?i fericire.

innd seama de multiplele referiri la istorie, ct i de importana i relevana perspectivei temporal-istorice pentru orice alt tem, ajungem firesc la cardinalitatea istoriei n discursul lui Emil Cioran. n noianul tuturor temelor sale obsesive, istoria este o mega-tem, aflat n puternice raporturi cu celelalte. Aderena i entuziasmul pentru studiul problemelor de filosofia istoriei le gsim mrturisite nc de la nceputul traseului, n cteva scrisori ctre Bucur incu din anii ‘30. n acele scrisori vorbete de pasiune, de gndire spontan i personal, de adaptare natural asupra domeniului, i se arat ncredinat c, alturi de problemele de filosofia culturii i antropologiei filosofice, problemele de filosofia istoriei nu pot concepe c lea prsi vreodat. Dintre multiplele justificri ulterioare – opuse ca atitudine fa de cele din perioada iniial, dar care marcheaz aceeai aderen –, s punem dou n corelaie, scrise n ani apropiai, n care preocuparea pentru istorie este descris prin stri de dependen: slbiciune, sete, patim.“ – Ioan Costea

Such is the system which underlies the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius. Some knowledge of it is necessary to the right understanding of the book, but for us the chief interest lies elsewhere. We do not come to Marcus Aurelius for a treatise on Stoicism. He is no head of a school to lay down a body of doctrine for students; he does not even contemplate that others should read what he writes. His philosophy is not an eager intellectual inquiry, but more what we should call religious feeling. The uncompromising stiffness of Zeno or Chrysippus is softened and transformed by passing through a nature reverent and tolerant, gentle and free from guile; the grim resignation which made life possible to the Stoic sage becomes in him almost a mood of aspiration. His book records the innermost thoughts of his heart, set down to ease it, with such moral maxims and reflections as may help him to bear the burden of duty and the countless annoyances of a busy life. It is instructive to compare the Meditations with another famous book, the Imitation of Christ. There is the same ideal of self-control in both. It should be a man's task, says the Imitation, 'to overcome himself, and every day to be stronger than himself.' 'In withstanding of the passions standeth very peace of heart.' 'Let us set the axe to the root, that we being purged of our passions may have a peaceable mind.' To this end there must be continual self-examination. 'If thou may not continually gather thyself together, namely sometimes do it, at least once a day, the morning or the evening. In the morning purpose, in the evening discuss the manner, what thou hast been this day, in word, work, and thought.' But while the Roman's temper is a modest self-reliance, the Christian aims at a more passive mood, humbleness and meekness, and reliance on the presence and personal friendship of God. The Roman scrutinises his faults with severity, but without the self-contempt which makes the Christian 'vile in his own sight.' The Christian, like the Roman, bids 'study to withdraw thine heart from the love of things visible'; but it is not the busy life of duty he has in mind so much as the contempt of all worldly things, and the 'cutting away of all lower delectations.' Both rate men's praise or blame at their real worthlessness; 'Let not thy peace,' says the Christian, 'be in the mouths of men.' But it is to God's censure the Christian appeals, the Roman to his own soul. The petty annoyances of injustice or unkindness are looked on by each with the same magnanimity. 'Why doth a little thing said or done against thee make thee sorry? It is no new thing; it is not the first, nor shall it be the last, if thou live long. At best suffer patiently, if thou canst not suffer joyously.' The Christian should sorrow more for other men's malice than for our own wrongs; but the Roman is inclined to wash his hands of the offender. 'Study to be patient in suffering and bearing other men's defaults and all manner infirmities,' says the Christian; but the Roman would never have thought to add, 'If all men were perfect, what had we then to suffer of other men for God?' The virtue of suffering in itself is an idea which does not meet us in the Meditations. Both alike realise that man is one of a great community. 'No man is sufficient to himself,' says the Christian; 'we must bear together, help together, comfort together.' But while he sees a chief importance in zeal, in exalted emotion that is, and avoidance of lukewarmness, the Roman thought mainly of the duty to be done as well as might be, and less of the feeling which should go with the doing of it. To the saint as to the emperor, the world is a poor thing at best. 'Verily it is a misery to live upon the earth,' says the Christian; few and evil are the days of man's life, which passeth away suddenly as a shadow. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?*** ? "MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS" was born on April 26, A.D. 121. His real name was M. Annius Verus, and he was sprung of a noble family which claimed descent from Numa, second King of Rome. Thus the most religious of emperors came of the blood of the most pious of early kings. His father, Annius Verus, had held high office in Rome, and his grandfather, of the same name, had been thrice Consul. Both his parents died young, but Marcus held them in loving remembrance. On his father's death Marcus was adopted by his grandfather, the consular Annius Verus, and there was deep love between these two. On the very first page of his book Marcus gratefully declares how of his grandfather he had learned to be gentle and meek, and to refrain from all anger and passion. The Emperor Hadrian divined the fine character of the lad, whom he used to call not Verus but Verissimus, more Truthful than his own name. He advanced Marcus to equestrian rank when six years of age, and at the age of eight made him a member of the ancient Salian priesthood. The boy's aunt, A

Egy kétségtelenül szellemes megjegyzés szerint a cím csak akkor fedheti le pontosan a k?nyv tartalmát, ha bet?r?l bet?re megegyezik vele. Valami hasonló mondható a fülsz?vegekr?l is (biztos Boegesnek is tetszene ez a gondolat), és ennek megfelel?en meg sem kísérlem néhány mondatban ?sszefoglalni, hogy mir?l lesz szó. Ehelyett inkább el?sz?r is azt emelem ki, hogy a címnek megfelel?en mir?l nem: például nem magáról Borgesr?l, a 20. század egyik legjelent?sebb argentin írójáról. Hanem inkább arról, hogy a novelláival kapcsolatban milyen, az irodalomtól olyakor látszólag meglehet?sen távol álló kérdések merülhetnek fel kezdve azon, hogy az általa leírt bábeli k?nyvtár valóban olyan teljes és mindenre kiterjed?-e, miként azt Borges sugallja; folytatva azon, hogy van-e egyáltalán értelme felvetni, hogy milyen lenne, ha valaki t?kéletes emlékezettel rendelkezne (nincs). Meg, hogy elképzelhet?-e, nem pedig, hogy létezik vagy legalább lehetséges-e egy olyan pont vagy térrész: egy olyan Alef, amelyen keresztül egyszerre láthatunk mindent. ?s így tovább egészen addig, hogy mit mondhatunk az irodalomkritikáról, az irodalmi zsánerek létrej?ttér?l meg elt?nésér?l vagy éppen az irodalmi halhatatlanságról – ismét csak mint elméleti problémáról. Azaz végs? soron persze mégiscsak egyfajta bolyongás ez a borgesi k?nyvtában, illetve bizonyos, legalább hipotetikusan lehetséges és az irodalomhoz így vagy úgy kapcsolódó kérdések fázisterében még akkor is, ha a fentebbiekben, miként a figyelmes olvasó már észre vehette, éppen azt tettem, amir?l korábban azt sejttettem, hogy nem fogom: néhány példa említésével próbáltam utalni rá, hogy mir?l szól az egész. De talán ez sincs igazi ellentmondásban azzal a megk?zelítéssel, amit ez a k?nyv sugall. Galántai Zoltán tudományt?rténész és író. Korábbi k?nyvei az eClassicnál: K?nyvkett?. A k?nyv, az írás és az irodalom j?v?jér?l (2013) http://eclassic.xyz/shop/bemutato/konyvketto-a-konyv-az-iras-es-az-irodalom-jovojerol/ Monoverzumok. Kozmosz, t?rvény, tudomány (2016) http://eclassic.xyz/shop/szabadpolc/monoverzumok/

《参同契》是早期道教重要典籍，全名《周易参同契》。书中借用乾、坤、坎、离、水、火等法象，以明炼丹修仙之术。为道教系统论述炼丹的早著作，道教奉为“丹经王”，是千古丹经之鼻祖。 本书是南怀瑾先生一九八三年在台湾讲解《参同契》的记录，分上、中、下三册。南怀瑾先生认为：《参同契》参合了三种原则相同的学问，且熔于一炉——老庄、道家的丹道，还有《易经》的学问，是一本非读不可的秘密典籍。《参同契》不止是丹经道书，它既是哲学又是科学，也是古典文学之作，其中包含了中华民族深之承天接地的文化。《参同契》素有“天书”之称。这部因深奥而埋藏已久的天书，因南师深入浅出的讲解而重新散发光芒。

   《列子》为道家重要典籍之一，与老庄并列。它高深莫测，易读而难懂，以故事、神话的形态，阐释道家的学术及观念。 《列子臆说》是南怀瑾先生关于《列子》的讲记，共分上中下三册。南怀瑾先生讲述列子，深浅出、生动自在，以《列子》的内容为研究重，带领读者广阔的视野、深难测的奇妙境界，并破了意识的种种局限。列子，这个御风而行的人，要我们从一切自设的框架中突围，成就天地间的自在逍遥。

《金粟轩纪年诗初集(精)》为南怀瑾先生四十余年旧体诗作品合集，收录他在中国大陆、台湾以及美国等地创作的*句、律诗、长短句共计五百五十余首，根据不同时期，分别命名为《西行集》《海屋集》《海东集》《掩关集》《美京集》，同时又附录其佛门诗偈、楹联及佚诗数十首于后，可谓诗笔琳琅，洋洋大观，充分展现了南先生超拔敏锐的思想见地和丰富细腻的情感世界。

有些事物，永不消逝，暴力即属此类。 暴力性表达并非现代性的标志。暴力只是变化多端而已，其表现形式随社会局势而变。如今，它回到皮下、交际之下、毛细和神经元的领域，呈现出微观物理学的形态；这种形态的存在，无需在统治或敌对关系中的那种否定或排斥性。 它从可见转为无形，从粗野蛮横转为沉思内省，从正面直转为病毒性感染。暴力起作用的方式不是公然袭，而是蔓延传染。 作者在本书中首次揭示了暴力事件的变形记，从君权和血亲等前现代社会的斩首，经由现代规训社会的畸变，*终到了今天绩效社会和倦怠社会的抑郁。 ------------- 韩炳哲作品系列（见识城邦出品）（已出齐） 《精神政治学》（2019年3月） Psychopolitik 《爱欲之死》（2019年3月） Agonie des Eros 《在群中》（2019年3月） Im Schwarm 《他者的消失》（2019年6月） Die Austreibung des Anderen 《倦怠社会》（2019年6月） Müdigkeitsgesellschaft 《娱乐何为》（2019年6月） Gute Unterhaltung 《暴力拓扑学》（2019年10月） Topologie der Gewalt 《透明社会》（2019年10月） Transparenzgesellschaft 《美的救赎》（2019年10月） Die Errettung des Sch?nen

Kitab?n ba?l?ca vasf? olarak, Antik Yunan polisinden günümüze uzanan yolda, ?ocuk ve gen? yeti?tirmenin kamusal ve insan? ?nemini ortaya koyarken, fizik?, ahl?k? ve kültürel y?nleriyle bir bütün olarak e?itim felsefesi üzerine kaleme al?nm?? en temel eserlerden biri olmas? g?sterilebilir… ?Bu noktada, Rousseau’nun, “Tüm yazd?klar?m i?inde en iyi eserim” diye takdim etti?i?Emile’in 1762’de yay?nland???nda lanetlenip, 30 y?l sonra, Frans?z Devrimi’nin ?ncüleri i?in Frans?z milli e?itiminin ilham kayna?? addedildi?i dikkate al?nd???nda, Kant’?n e?itim üzerine sarf etti?i s?zlerin tarihsel ve toplumsal ba?lam? da ortaya ??kar. 18.yüzy?l?n ortalar?ndan 19.yüzy?l?n ba?lar?na dek ge?en bir ?mürlük sürede k?ta Avrupas? büyük bir do?umun sanc?lar?yla sars?lmaktad?r. ?ncesi ve sonras? diye tarihi ikiye ay?ran ?ifte Devrim (Sanayi ve Frans?z Devrimi) büyük bir zihinsel d?nü?üme yol a?mak üzeredir. Kant’? büyüten, ya da büyüklü?üne ayr?ca de?er katan bir unsur da, onun i?te bu ?a??n insan? olmas?d?r. ?Kant, 1806’daki Jena Sava??n? ve Napoleon i?galinin Alman milleti üzerinde yaratt??? ?ok ve deh?eti g?remeden vefat etse de, Wilhelm von Humboldt gibi e?itim reformcular? arac?l???yla Prusya (genel itibar?yla da Alman) e?itim sistemi i?in ne denli ?nemli bir yol a?t???n? tüm kitap boyunca seziyor gibidir. Bununla birlikte Kant’?nE?itim ?zerine’si, milli dilde ibadet edip, okumay? yazmay? te?vik eden Luhterci gelene?in Pietizmle kendini yenilemi? ve Büyük Frederich taraf?ndan te?vik edilmi? olan e?itim anlay???n?n olgunla?ma ?a??n?n da bir ürünüdür. Bu sebeple, kitab?n tamam?na h?kim olan motif, Ayd?nlanmac? bir “i?sel ?zgürle?im” ve “ruhan? terbiye” aras?nda kurulmas? gereken büyük dengedir. ? ? ?Bu arka plan? dikkate alarak, ?imdi kitaba biraz daha yak?ndan bakabiliriz… E?itim ?zerine, memleketin sayg?n ?evirmenlerinden biri olan Ahmet Aydo?an’?n sunu? ve ?ns?züyle ba?l?yor. ?stü kapal? fakat sitem dolu bir de?erlendirme yaz?s? olan “’Sapere Aude!’ Diye ??kt?k Yola”, Kant’a s?zü teslim etmeden evvel, 30 sayfada, Kant’?n dü?ünce dünyas?ndan ne denli uzakta kald???m?z?n ele?tirisini yap?yor. Bu arada, kitab?n ortaya ??k?? ?yküsüne de 22.sayfada a??klay?c? bir notla yer veriliyor. K?ningsberg ?niversitesi’nde muhtelif zamanlarda verilen dersler i?in haz?rlanan notlardan derlendi?i anla??lan?E?itim ?zerine, modern Türk?e’nin bir felsefe dili olamamas?n?n da etkisiyle, ?e?itli dipnotlar arac?l???yla kavramlar?n ve kelimelerin daha anla??l?r k?l?nd??? bir h?lde okura sunuluyor. ? “?nsan E?itilmesi Gereken Bir Varl?kt?r”: ? ?Kant, dü?üncelerini temellendirdi?i giri? sayfalar?nda insan?n e?itime muhta? ten varl?k oldu?u ger?e?inden hareket ediyor ve insan?n ancak e?itimle insan olabilece?ini dile getiriyor. (s.35) E?itime y?nelik bu yakla??m, Kant’?n idealizm felsefesinin ger?ekle?mesine giden yolu a?an anahtarlardan biri say?labilir.? ? ???NDEK?LER: ? KANT'IN YA?AMI…KANT'A G?RE AYDINLANMA NED?R?AHLAKIN METAF?Z???…KANT VE E??T?M ?ZER?NE….KANT VE TANRIKANT IN ELE?T?REL FELSEFES?KANT’IN ELE?T?REL FELSEFES?NE PLATON VE PARMEN?DES?N KATKILARI Kritisizm Nedir? KANT FELSEFES?N?N TEMEL KAVRAMLARIKANT’IN KURAMSAL METAF?Z?K ELE?T?R?S? HAKKINDAK? D???NCELER?..I. KANT'IN LE?BN?Z- WOLFF VE HUME'UN FELSEFELER?NE Y?NEL?K ELE?T?R?S?II. KANT'TA METAF?Z?K B?LG?N?N OLANA?I: METAF?Z?K OLANAKLI MIDIR?SONU?LARKANT’IN D?NYA YURTTA?LI?I AMACINA Y?NEL?K GENEL B?R TAR?H D???NCES?KANT’?I EBED? BARI?” D???NCES?S?YAS? HAKLARDA TEOR? VE PRAT?K ?L??K?S? ?ZER?NEK?RESELLE?EN SORUNLAR KAR?ISINDA KANT ET???UNUTULMAZ KANT S?ZLER?…..