Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674). The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. A second edition followed in 1674, arranged into twelve books (in the manner of Virgil's Aeneid) with minor revisions throughout and a note on the versification. It is considered by critics to be Milton's "major work", and helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time. The poem concerns the Biblical story of the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Milton's purpose, stated in Book I, is to "justify the ways of God to men" Short Summary:The poem is separated into twelve "books" or sections, the lengths of which vary greatly (the longest is Book IX, with 1,189 lines, and the shortest Book VII, with 640). The Arguments at the head of each book were added in subsequent imprints of the first edition. Originally published in ten books, a fully "Revised and Augmented" edition reorganized into twelve books was issued in 1674, and this is the edition generally used today. The poem follows the epic tradition of starting in medias res (Latin for in the midst of things), the background story being recounted later.Milton's story has two narrative arcs, one about Satan (Lucifer) and the other following Adam and Eve. It begins after Satan and the other rebel angels have been defeated and banished to Hell, or, as it is also called in the poem, Tartarus. In Pand?monium, Satan employs his rhetorical skill to organise his followers; he is aided by Mammon and Beelzebub. Belial and Moloch are also present. At the end of the debate, Satan volunteers to poison the newly created Earth and God's new and most favoured creation, Mankind. He braves the dangers of the Abyss alone in a manner reminiscent of Odysseus or Aeneas. After an arduous traversal of the Chaos outside Hell, he enters God's new material World, and later the Garden of Eden. At several points in the poem, an Angelic War over Heaven is recounted from different perspectives. Satan's rebellion follows the epic convention of large-scale warfare. The battles between the faithful angels and Satan's forces take place over three days. At the final battle, the Son of God single-handedly defeats the entire legion of angelic rebels and banishes them from Heaven. Following this purge, God creates the World, culminating in his creation of Adam and Eve. While God gave Adam and Eve total freedom and power to rule over all creation, He gave them one explicit command: not to eat from the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil on penalty of death.

The Republic (Greek: Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of (justice), the order and character of the just city-state and the just man, reason by which ancient readers used the name On Justice as an alternative title (not to be confused with the spurious dialogue also titled On Justice). The dramatic date of the dialogue has been much debated and though it must take place some time during the Peloponnesian War, "there would be jarring anachronisms if any of the candidate specific dates between 432 and 404 were assigned". It is Plato's best-known work and has proven to be one of the most intellectually and historically influential works of philosophy and political theory. In it, Socrates along with various Athenians and foreigners discuss the meaning of justice and examine whether or not the just man is happier than the unjust man by considering a series of different cities coming into existence "in speech", culminating in a city (Kallipolis) ruled by philosopher-kings; and by examining the nature of existing regimes. The participants also discuss the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul, and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society. Short Summary (Epilogue):X.1—X.8. 595a—608b. Rejection of Mimetic ArtX.9—X.11. 608c—612a. Immortality of the SoulX.12. 612a—613e. Rewards of Justice in LifeX.13—X.16. 613e—621d. Judgment of the Dead The paradigm of the city — the idea of the Good, the Agathon — has manifold historical embodiments, undertaken by those who have seen the Agathon, and are ordered via the vision. The centre piece of the Republic, Part II, nos. 2–3, discusses the rule of the philosopher, and the vision of the Agathon with the allegory of the cave, which is clarified in the theory of forms. The centre piece is preceded and followed by the discussion of the means that will secure a well-ordered polis (City). Part II, no. 1, concerns marriage, the community of people and goods for the Guardians, and the restraints on warfare among the Hellenes. It describes a partially communistic polis. Part II, no. 4, deals with the philosophical education of the rulers who will preserve the order and character of the city-state.In Part II, the Embodiment of the Idea, is preceded by the establishment of the economic and social orders of a polis (Part I), followed by an analysis (Part III) of the decline the order must traverse. The three parts compose the main body of the dialogues, with their discussions of the “paradigm”, its embodiment, its genesis, and its decline.The Introduction and the Conclusion are the frame for the body of the Republic. The discussion of right order is occasioned by the questions: “Is Justice better than Injustice?” and “Will an Unjust man fare better than a Just man?” The introductory question is balanced by the concluding answer: “Justice is preferable to Injustice”. In turn, the foregoing are framed with the Prologue (Book I) and the Epilogue (Book X). The prologue is a short dialogue about the common public doxai (opinions) about “Justice”. Based upon faith, and not reason, the Epilogue describes the new arts and the immortality of the soul. ? About Author: Plato (Greek: Platon, " 428/427 or 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his most-famous student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato." Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him, although 15–18 of them have been contested. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts. Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, religion and mathematics. Plato is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. His writings related to the Theory of Forms, or Platonic ideals, are basis for Platonism. ? Early lifeThe exact time and place of Plato's birth are not known, but it is certain that he belonged to an aristocratic and influential family. Based on ancient sources, most modern scholars believe that he was born in Athens or Aegina between 429 and 423 BC. His father was Ariston. According to a disputed tradition, reported by Diogenes Laertius, Ariston traced his descent from the king of Athens, Codrus, and the king of Messenia, Melanthus. Plato's mother was Perictione, whose family boasted of a relationship with the famous Athenian lawmaker an

Euthyphro (Ancient Greek: Euthuphron) is one of Plato's early dialogues, dated to after 399 BC. Taking place during the weeks leading up to Socrates' trial, the dialogue features Socrates and Euthyphro, a religious expert also mentioned at Cratylus 396a and 396d, attempting to define piety or holiness. Background The dialogue is set near the king-archon's court, where the two men encounter each other. They are both there for preliminary hearings before possible trials (2a).Euthyphro has come to lay manslaughter charges against his father, as his father had allowed one of his workers to die exposed to the elements without proper care and attention (3e–4d). This worker had killed a slave belonging to the family estate on the island of Naxos; while Euthyphro's father waited to hear from the expounders of religious law (exegetes cf. Laws 759d) about how to proceed, the worker died bound and gagged in a ditch. Socrates expresses his astonishment at the confidence of a man able to take his own father to court on such a serious charge, even when Athenian Law allows only relatives of the deceased to sue for murder. Euthyphro misses the astonishment, and merely confirms his overconfidence in his own judgment of religious/ethical matters. In an example of "Socratic irony," Socrates states that Euthyphro obviously has a clear understanding of what is pious and impious. Since Socrates himself is facing a charge of impiety, he expresses the hope to learn from Euthyphro, all the better to defend himself in his own trial. Euthyphro claims that what lies behind the charge brought against Socrates by Meletus and the other accusers is Socrates' claim that he is subjected to a daimon or divine sign which warns him of various courses of action (3b). Even more suspicious from the viewpoint of many Athenians, Socrates expresses skeptical views on the main stories about the Greek gods, which the two men briefly discuss before plunging into the main argument. Socrates expresses reservations about such accounts which show up the gods' cruelty and inconsistency. He mentions the castration of the early sky god, Uranus, by his son Cronus, saying he finds such stories very difficult to accept (6a–6c). Euthyphro, after claiming to be able to tell even more amazing such stories, spends little time or effort defending the conventional view of the gods. Instead, he is led straight to the real task at hand, as Socrates forces him to confront his ignorance, ever pressing him for a definition of 'piety'. Yet, with every definition Euthyphro proposes, Socrates very quickly finds a fatal flaw (6d ff.). At the end of the dialogue, Euthyphro is forced to admit that each definition has been a failure, but rather than correct it, he makes the excuse that it is time for him to go, and Socrates ends the dialogue with a classic example of Socratic irony: since Euthyphro has been unable to come up with a definition that will stand on its own two feet, Euthyphro has failed to teach Socrates anything at all about piety, and so he has received no aid for his own defense at his own trial (15c ff.).

美如今正处于一种矛盾的处境。 一方面，它如通货膨胀般蔓延四溢：到处都可以感受到人们对美的狂热崇拜。另一方面，美失去了一切超越性，屈服于消费的内在性：它塑造了资本的美学的一面。美以及崇高或震动所带来的对消极性的体验，完全被纯粹的快乐即赞所取代。美*终被色情化。 本书既为我们展示了那些以真理、灾难或诱惑表现出来的美的形式，也阐明了那些建立美的伦理或政治的美的维度。 阅读韩炳哲的书，意味着不断地被鞭策唤醒。……他的社会批判虽然不谙体恤之情，然而韩炳哲仍然热情地拥抱自己所处的这个时代。 ——《周刊》 ------------- 韩炳哲作品系列（见识城邦出品）（已出齐） 《精神政治学》（2019年3月） Psychopolitik 《爱欲之死》（2019年3月） Agonie des Eros 《在群中》（2019年3月） Im Schwarm 《他者的消失》（2019年6月） Die Austreibung des Anderen 《倦怠社会》（2019年6月） Müdigkeitsgesellschaft 《娱乐何为》（2019年6月） Gute Unterhaltung 《暴力拓扑学》（2019年10月） Topologie der Gewalt 《透明社会》（2019年10月） Transparenzgesellschaft 《美的救赎》（2019年10月） Die Errettung des Sch?nen

本书叙述了佛陀自住世至涅槃生命的全过程。包括佛陀住世时的印度社会，佛陀的家世，佛陀出家和修行的经过，佛陀的传法和教团的成立，佛陀在世时所得的尊荣，佛陀的涅槃，等等。

《悦心语(南怀瑾先生*述佳句选摘)(精)》是南怀瑾先生语录集，以笔记形式呈现。取材自南先生《论语别裁》、《孟子旁通》、《老子他说》、《禅宗与道家》等*作。编者“断章取义”，稍加整理。本书内容博大精深，文字简短，通俗易懂，便于现代读者阅读。 《悦心语》是南怀瑾先生的语录集，从《论语别裁》《孟子旁通》等南怀瑾先生代表作中精选经典章句而成，浓缩南师智慧精华。 南怀瑾先生是海内外享有盛誉的儒释道大师，将中华文化各种思想融会贯通，带领国人重读中国古代儒、释、道典籍，引导人们关注人的内心，关注人伦世界，关注人文教化。 南师*作不是象牙塔里不食人间烟火的精密考校疏证，处处体现着对现实世界的深切关怀，和芸芸众生的生活与命运紧密相连。南怀瑾先生认为，人生的*高境界是：佛为心，道为骨，儒为表，大度看世界；技在手，能在身，思在脑，从容过生活。这正是夫子自道。 谨以《悦心语》一书，深切缅怀敬爱的南怀瑾先生。  

《星云禅话》系为佛光山山宗长星云大师应各方对于禅的需渴反应，将刊载于报纸的“星云禅话”编集成书。该书从已出版的禅话一至四集，精心选辑了一百三十二则公案，希望透过生活性、人间性的“禅话”，为忙碌、紧张的今日社会，投下一剂清凉散。

本书主要是透过经典中记载的佛陀的平等思想、教育方法，客观探讨佛教的女性观。 其重有四： 一、佛教兴起时代的印度社会和女性：主要以印度低落的女性地位和不平等的四姓差别制度为背景，一一说明佛陀的众生平等观，从而奠定佛教的男女平等思想。 二、原始佛教时代的女性观：由原始经典中一再出现的母亲、妻子、媳妇、女人四种形象，分别说明佛陀对女性的教化，以及佛教对在家女性理想典范的树立，而从生活伦理中显示男女的平等性。 三、小乘佛教时代的女性观：对女人五障说、佛的三十二相和女人不能成佛说等思想做一全面深的探讨，以澄清佛陀的平等真义。 四、大乘佛教时代的女性观：由诸多经典中示现的女性成佛观、师子吼乃至大乘菩萨与女性的关系，显现佛教对女权的倡导和发展，以及女性的智慧和慈悲的特质。

煮云法师关于佛七的示，近代念佛的实录，记载佛七中的各种事迹，可作为研究近代念佛法门演变的材料。

《杂阿含经》是以言行录的体裁，记述佛陀和他的弟子们的修行与弘法活动。经中揭示了佛教的基本教义，如缘起、十二因缘、三法印、四圣谛、八正道、四念处等，故被称为“佛教圣典”。由于《杂阿含经》不重玄理、义解，重视的是修行实践，因而诵读此经，有助于现代人修行佛法。

《华严五教章》是华严宗创始人法藏宗立教的论著，内容丰富，思辨性极高，是华严宗哲学思想的著名代表作。此书体系完备，是研究华严学的门及书，也可说是佛教概论书。

《华严金师子章》乃唐代佛教华严宗三祖法藏贤首大师为武则天讲解《华严经》的“十重玄门”、“六相圆融”等教义时，为了使其能够理解空与色、心与境之间的种种关系，法藏大师以殿前的金狮子为譬喻，故有了《华严金师子章》。《华严金师子章》是由法藏大师为武则天讲解《华严经》的记录稿整理而成，此文虽短，但却集中简要地概括了佛教的核心思想。《华严金师子章》在论述真理的方式上简单通俗，层次分明，但又细致微，理精髓。浓缩了《华严经》的思想精华，涵盖了佛教的核心思想。此经不仅可以使学佛者了解佛教的真实义理，而且为学佛者获得究竟的圆满和解脱，指明了道路和方向。

《胜鬘经》弘传于南北朝，备受教内教外的重视。本经为大乘如来藏系经典中代表作之一。内容叙述胜?N夫人对释尊立十大誓愿、三大愿，并自说大乘一乘法门，阐释圣谛、法身、如来藏等。 　经中认为三乘之教归于大乘之一乘，得一乘即得如来法身。众生虽被烦恼所缠，然其本性清净无垢，与如来同等，故皆具有如来之性（佛性、如来藏）。且以如来藏为基础，即使在生死轮回之世界，亦有获得涅槃之可能。本经之一乘思想，即是承继法华经者，而成为大乘佛教之重所在。又本经之特色乃在以在家妇人说法，故与维摩居士所说之“维摩经”，并为大乘佛教在家佛教之代表作。　全书共分十五章，包括如来真实功德、十受、三愿、摄受、一乘、无边圣谛、如来藏、法身、空义隐覆真实、一谛、一依、颠倒真实、自性清净、真子、胜?N等。

《列子》为道家重要典籍之一，与老庄并列。它高深莫测，易读而难懂，以故事、神话的形态，阐释道家的学术及观念。 《列子臆说》是南怀瑾先生关于《列子》的讲记，共分上中下三册。南怀瑾先生讲述列子，深浅出、生动自在，以《列子》的内容为研究重，带领读者广阔的视野、深难测的奇妙境界，并破了意识的种种局限。列子，这个御风而行的人，要我们从一切自设的框架中突围，成就天地间的自在逍遥。

Sri Krsna számtalan univerzum vitathatatlan Ura, akit korlátlan er?, gazdagság, hírnév, tudás és lemondás jellemez, ám ezek az ?r?kké diadalmas energiák csupán részben  tárják fel ?t. Végtelen dics?ségét csak az ismerheti meg, aki elb?v?l? szépségénél keres menedéket, ?sszes t?bbi fenséges tulajdonsága forrásánál, melynek páratlan transzcendentális teste ad otthont. Szépségének legf?bb jellemz?je az a mindenek f?l?tt álló édes íz, ami t?mény kivonata mindennek, ami édes. Minden édes dolgot túlszárnyal, és nem más, mint az édes íz megízlelésének képessége. Sri Krsna édes természete finom arany sugárzásként ragyog át transzcendentális testén. Govinda páratlanul gy?ny?r? testének legszebb és legédesebb része ragyogó arca. ?des hold-arcán rejtélyes mosolya a legédesebb, az az arcáról ragyogó ezüst holdsugár, ami nektárral árasztja el a világot. Mosolyának sugárzása nélkül keser? lenne a cukor, savanyú a méz, és a nektárnak sem lenne íze. Amikor mosolyának holdsugara elvegyül teste ragyogásával, a kett? együtt a kámfor aromájára emlékeztet. Ez a kámfor aztán ajkán keresztül a fuvolába kerül, ahonnan megfoghatatlan hangvibrációként t?r el?, és er?nek erejével rabul ejti azoknak az elméjét, akik hallják. Ahogy a szavak gondolatok mondanivalóját hordozzák, ahogy a gondolatok a szemben tükr?z?dnek, ahogy egy mosoly a szív érzelmeir?l árulkodik, úgy a fuvola hangja Sri Krsna szépségét viszi a fül?n keresztül a szív templomának oltárára.

在人们的思维活动中，有许多种想法，却不知怎样表达。该如何形成自己清晰的观？这种观又是怎样决定人们的习惯从而影响人们的现实生活？什么样的观是有效的观？ 美国实用主义哲学创始人查尔斯·S.皮尔士（Charles Sanders Peirce）在本书中有效地回答了这些问题。他系统阐述了自己对此问题的见解：首先探讨了人们在面对纷繁复杂的世界时，是如何一步一步形成清晰的观；其次对人们在形成具体而清晰的观过程中常用的几种方法行了分析。查尔斯·S.皮尔士认为，在面对具体情形时，人们不仅仅要找到所隐藏的前提条件或原则，更要有意识地把它们表达出来，这样才有利于行分析和表达，而积极、有效地影响或改变生活和工作。 阅读本书，可以培养人们在学习和工作中科学地行深度思考、逻辑推理与准确表达。?

分析哲学是20世纪主要的两大哲学流派之一，自摩尔、罗素以来，大师辈出，经典产品层出不穷，可以说，整个改变了西方哲学的面貌。本书是探讨20世纪分析哲学的一部巨著，作者是著名的分析哲学家，在书中详尽地考察了从摩尔、罗素、维特根斯坦到蒯因、克里普克等大师的哲学思想，对其在哲学史上的主要贡献做了极其精彩的分析，对其论证中的不足同样做了犀利的批评。可以说，本书必将作为一部经典的哲学史而流传后世。第二卷通过如下哲学家或学派来解释分析传统在接下来的四分之一个世纪里的演变：首先是后期维特根斯坦和英国的日常语言学派，然后是威拉德·冯·奥曼·蒯因在科学启发下向自然主义的转变，以及这种转变与唐纳德·戴维森的语言理论的融合，后是索尔·克里普克对必然性和先天性的概念重构，这种重构改变了分析哲学的轨迹。正是这个时候，分析的传统背离了关于哲学的语言观念，并回归到把逻辑和语言作为哲学理论化的有力工具的早期视野中去。尽管关于哲学的语言视野失败了，但我们在理解哲学各个领域的核心问题方面还是取得了很大进展。第二卷讲述了上述故事，而它的“尾声”部分勾勒了二十世纪结束之际哲学专业化的多元化新纪元。

　　《人生的智慧》取自德国思想家叔本华的《附录和补遗》，而实际上是独立成书的，阐述了生活的本质及如何在生活中获得幸福，所讨论的事情与我们的世俗生活极为近，如健康、财富、荣誉、名声、待人物所应遵循的原则等。正如叔本华所说的，在《人生智慧丛书：人生的智慧（插图版）》里，他尽量从世俗、实用的角度考虑问题。因此，《人生智慧丛书：人生的智慧（插图版）》尤其适合大众阅读。 　　书中含有几分孤芳自赏的自我辩白和自我激励，甚至还流露着顾影自怜的几丝悲凉、几许惆怅，但更多的还是他因为自尊而隐匿在文中的深刻的自我剖析和感悟，以及由此而来的坚定与自信、清醒与睿智。 　　《人生智慧丛书：人生的智慧（插图版）》插了七十余幅摄影作品，由自由摄影师闰笑枫摄影并首次出版，与主题非常呼应。

南怀瑾先生的著述涉及儒、释、道等中国传统文化经典，他常以经史合参的讲述方式、生动幽默语言，结合古今中外历史人文典故，结合当下的日常生活，引领新世代的人们直入文化的核心智慧，让读者更乐于了解历史人文的博大精深。本套装收录东方出版社已出版的南怀瑾作品。

写给大忙人的喵喵漫画哲学书 不读哲学，少了文青感；想读哲学，又怕深奥难懂？ 这套书破你对哲学的认知！ 国内以猫猫形象来讲解哲学的图书，用独创的漫画形式，按时间线为横轴，融合了中西方的哲学思想，随手翻，就能轻松有趣的哲学世界。 本套书分为古代·中世纪、现代和近代三册，全部精选当时*有代表性的大咖喵！ 37位有着人类大智慧的哲学喵，例如“有哲学就够了”的苏格喵底（地球名：苏格拉底）、改变世界的大神牛顿喵（地球名：牛顿）；一统哲学江山的康德喵（地球名：康德）；“英年早疯”的尼采喵（地球名：尼采）等等。大家平时对他们耳熟能详，但未必真正了解他们的生平事迹和观主张，我们把它画出来给你看，保证你是哲学小白也能看得懂、学得会！

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